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1,301 results for “retrospective study”
Prevalence, resistance profiles and factors associated with skin and soft-tissue infections at Jinja regional referral hospital: A retrospective study
<p>Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are common cases of hospital-acquired infections with aetiologic agents exhibiting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We determined the prevalence, proportion of laboratory-investigated cases, AMR-profiles, and factors associated with SSTI and multi-drug resistance (MDR). This study was based on archived data of patients suspected of SSTI from 2019-2021 at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. The analysis involved 268 randomly selected patient reports. Prevalence of SSTI was 66.4%. Laboratory-investigated cases were 14.11%. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(n=51) was the most isolated organism. MDR pathogens explained 47% of infections. Methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> was up to 44%. In addition, 61% of Gram-negatives had the potential to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, while 27% were non-susceptible to carbapenems. Ward of admission was significantly associated with infection (aPR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.003-3.18, p-value=0.04). Age category <u>(</u>19-35) was an independent predictor for MDR infections (aPR=2.30, 95%CI:1.02-5.23, p-value=0.04). The prevalence is relatively high with MDR pathogens responsible for almost half of the infections. Routine use of culture and sensitivity testing should be done for proper infection management. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin can be considered for empirical management of emergency SSTI suspected of <em>S. aureus</em>. Recognizing SSTI under the Global Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) would lead to improved preparedness and response to AMR.</p>
Data from: Clinical outcomes and safety of polymyxin B versus tigecycline combination therapy for pneumonia of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A retrospective cohort study
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Infection by carbapenem-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (CRKP) has high mortality. There is no clear optimal therapeutic choice for pneumonia caused by CRKP. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of the standard doses of polymyxin B-based regimens vs tigecycline-based regimens and to identify risk factors for mortality.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients with pneumonia caused by CRKP for three years. The primary outcomes were 7-day bacterial eradication rate and 14- and 28-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was incidence of acute kidney injury.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Seventy-three patients were included in this study, 29 in the<strong> </strong>polymyxin B-based combination therapy group and 44 in tigecycline-based combination therapy group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the 7-day bacterial eradication rate (31.0% vs 20.5%, <em>P</em>=0.409), the 14-day all-cause mortality (37.9% vs 22.7%, <em>P</em>=0.160), and the incidence of acute kidney injury (14.3% vs 6.8%, <em>P</em>=0.526). The 28-day all-cause mortality in the polymyxin B-based therapy group was higher than in the tigecycline-based group (75.9% vs 45.5%, <em>P</em>=0.010). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that male and previous use of carbapenems were independent factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality for patients treated with polymyxin B (<em>P</em><0.05).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><strong> </strong>Polymyxin B-based combination therapy at the standard dose should be used with caution for patients with CRKP-induced pneumonia, especially for men who used carbapenems prior to CRKP detection.</p>
Comparison of different drug regimens for the treatment of loiasis - a TropNet retrospective study
<p>Dataset of a study on the drug regimens used for the treatment of Loa loa infection in different TropNet centers </p>
Supplementary materials - Pharyngeal airway changes after functional orthodontic treatment – a retrospective case-control study on a pediatric population
<p>Supplementary data for an article: "Pharyngeal airway changes after functional orthodontic treatment – a retrospective case-control study on a pediatric population"</p>
Predictive factors of inpatient rehabilitation stay and post-discharge care burden after joint replacement for hip and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study on 1,678 patients.
<p>Dataset of the study entitled "<span>Predictive factors of inpatient rehabilitation stay and post-discharge care burden after joint replacement for hip and knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study on 1,678 patients"</span></p>
Data from: Pleural effusion biomarkers and computed tomography findings in diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma: a retrospective study in a single center
In this study, we aimed to examine the clinical value of the pleural effusion (PE) biomarkers, soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and the utility of combining chest computed tomography (CT) findings with these biomarkers, in diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a single center. Consecutive patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions who underwent PE analysis between September 2014 and August 2016 were reviewed. This study included 240 patients (32 with MPM and 208 non-MPM). SMRP and the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio had a sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing MPM of 56.3% and 86.5%, and 87.5% and 74.0%, respectively. Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the ability of these markers to distinguish MPM from all other PE causes, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for SMRP and the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio was 0.804 and 0.874, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of SMRP combined with the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio were 93.8% and 64.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the combination of SMRP, the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio, and the presence of Leung's criteria (a chest CT finding that is suggestive of malignant pleural disease) was 93.8%. In conclusion, the combined PE biomarkers had a high sensitivity for diagnosing MPM, although the addition of chest CT findings did not improve the sensitivity of SMRP combined with the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio. Combination of these biomarkers helped to rule out MPM effectively among patients at high risk of suffering MPM and would be valuable especially for old frail patients who have difficulty in undergoing invasive procedures such as thoracoscopy.
Data from: Incidence of cancer-associated thromboembolism in Japanese gastric and colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a single-institutional retrospective cohort analysis (Sapporo CAT study)
Objective: Few data regarding the incidence of cancer-associated thromboembolism (TE) are available for Asian populations. We investigated the incidence of TE (TEi) and its risk factors among gastric and colorectal cancer (GCC) patients who received chemotherapy in a daily practice setting. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: A single institutional study that used data from Sapporo City General Hospital, Japan, on patients treated between January 2008 and May 2015. Participants: Five hundred Japanese GCC patients who started chemotherapy from January 2008 to May 2015. Primary and secondary outcome measures: TE was diagnosed by reviewing all the reports of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) performed during the follow-up period. All types of thrombosis detected by CT or additional imaging tests, such as venous TE, arterial TE, and cerebral infarction, were defined as TE. Medical records of all identified patients were reviewed and potential risk factors for TE including clinicopathological backgrounds were collected. We defined the following patients as 'active cancer'; patients with unresectable advanced GCC, cancer recurrence during or after completing adjuvant (Adj) chemotherapy, and/or presence of other malignant tumours. Results: Of the 500 patients, 70 patients (14.0%) developed TE during the follow-up period. TEi was 9.2% and 17.3% in gastric and colorectal cancer patients, 18.1% and 3.5% in active and non-active cancer patients, and 24.0% and 12.9% in multiple and single primary, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.371; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.328 to 4.233), active cancer (OR 7.593; 95% CI 2.950 to 19.543), and multiple primary (OR 2.527; 95% CI 1.189 to 5.370) were independently associated with TEi. Conclusion: TEi was 14.0% among Japanese GCC patients received chemotherapy, and was significantly higher among patients with colorectal cancer, active cancer, and multiple primary than among those with gastric cancer, non-active cancer, and single primary, respectively.
Data from: How innovative are new drugs launched in the UK? A retrospective study of new drugs listed in the British National Formulary (BNF) 2001-2012
Objectives: Innovative new drugs offer potential benefits to patients, healthcare systems, governments and the pharmaceutical industry. Recent data suggest annual numbers of new drugs launched in the UK have increased in recent years, and we sought to understand whether this represents increasing numbers of highly innovative drugs being made available or the introduction of increasing numbers of drugs with limited additional therapeutic value. Design and setting: Retrospective observational study of new drug entries in the British National Formulary (BNF). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Number of new drugs launched in the UK each year (based on first appearance in the BNF) from 2001 to 2012, including new chemical entities and new biological drugs, categorised by degree of innovativeness according to published criteria that incorporate both clinical usefulness and the nature of the innovation. Results: Highly innovative, moderately innovative and slightly innovative drugs made up 26%, 18% and 56% of all newly launched drugs, respectively, for the study period (n=290). There was an upward trend in annual numbers of slightly innovative drugs from 2004 onwards (R2=0.44), which aligned closely with the recovery in total numbers of new drugs launched each year since that time. There were no discernible time trends in the highly or moderately innovative categories. New drugs for malignancy and skin disease were most likely to be characterised as highly innovative (44% and 57%, respectively). Conclusions: Highly innovative new drugs comprise only around a quarter of all new drug launches in the UK. In contrast, drugs categorised as only slightly innovative comprised well over half of all new drugs and annual numbers in this category are increasing. Current policy initiatives that seek to increase the supply of innovative new drugs have long-lead times to impact, and will need careful assessment to ensure they deliver their aims without unintended consequences.
Additional File 1 and Notebook Code for "Machine learning approaches for hospital acquired pressure injuries: a retrospective study of electronic medical records"
<p>Supplementary materials (Pressure_Injuries_Additional_File_1_final_double_blind.pdf) and Jupyter Notebook code (HAPI_Prediction_Script.pdf) developed as supplement for study "Machine learning approaches for hospital acquired pressure injuries: a retrospective study of electronic medical records".</p>
Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress in a Sample of Patients Recruited in a Dietary Center in a Southern University Hospital: A Retrospective Study
<p><em>Background and objectives</em>: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on oxidative stress. <em>Materials and Methods</em>: The study was conducted by analyzing the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance after the administration of ethanol in 25% aqueous solution (<em>v</em>/<em>v</em>) at a concentration of 0.76 g/kg of body weight daily in two doses for 3 days. The changes in oxidative stress indices were investigated by standard methods previously described. <em>Results</em>: Ethanol administration has determined a significant increase in plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), malonilaldehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSH ratio. <em>Conclusions</em>: In the proposed experimental condition, the excessive and repeated consumption of ethanol causes oxidative damage, as shown by the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance, which, at least in part, are responsible for the harmful effects of excess ethanol.</p>
Supplementary to "Generalizable biomarker prediction from cancer pathology slides with self-supervised deep learning - a retrospective multicentric study"
<p>High-resolution images of heatmaps. Top tiles and GradCam of figure 5</p>
STROBE checklist for 'Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study'
<p>STROBE checklist for ‘Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study’</p>
Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study
<p>Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study</p>
Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study
<p>Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study</p>
Underlying data for The impact of COVID-19 severity on pregnancy outcomes among Iraqi women: a retrospective observational study
<p>Underlying data for The impact of COVID-19 severity on pregnancy outcomes among Iraqi women: a retrospective observational study</p>
STROBE checklist for: The impact of COVID-19 severity on pregnancy outcomes among Iraqi women: a retrospective observational study
<p>STROBE checklist for: The impact of COVID-19 severity on pregnancy outcomes among Iraqi women: a retrospective observational study</p>
STROBE checklist for 'Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study.'
<p>STROBE checklist for 'Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study.'</p>
Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study
<p>Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study</p>
Dabrafenib plus trametinib versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy as adjuvant therapy in BRAF V600-mutant stage III melanoma after definitive surgery: a prospectively-powered multicenter, retrospective cohort study
<p><strong>Summary </strong></p> <p>Background Both dabrafenib/trametinib (D/T) and anti-PD-1 monotherapy (PD-1) are approved adjuvant therapies for patients with stage III BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. However, there is still a lack of head-to-head comparative data. We aimed to describe efficacy and toxicity outcomes for these two standard therapies across melanoma centers.</p> <p>Methods This prospectively-powered multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 15 melanoma centers in Australia, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, and US. We included adult patients with resected stage III BRAF V600-mutant melanoma who received either adjuvant D/T or PD-1. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), recurrence pattern and toxicity.</p> <p>Findings We included 598 patients with stage III BRAF V600-mutant melanoma who received either adjuvant D/T (n=393 [66%]) or PD-1 (n=205 [34%]) post definitive surgery between Jul 2015 and Oct 2022. At a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR 21-43), the median RFS was 51∙0 months (95%CI 41∙0-not reached [NR]) in the D/T group, significantly longer than 44∙8 (95%CI 28∙5-NR) in the PD-1 group (univariate: HR 0∙658, 95%CI 0∙498-0∙869, P=0∙003; multivariate: HR 0∙687, 95% CI 0∙512-0∙922, P = 0∙012), with comparable OS with PD-1 (multivariate, HR 1∙011, 95%CI 0∙637-1∙604, P>0∙95). Similar findings were observed using a restricted-mean-survival-time model. D/T survival benefits were consistent in most subgroups, except for older, male patients and those with V600K mutation. Among those who experienced recurrence, the proportion of distant metastases was higher in the D/T cohort. D/T had a higher incidence of treatment modification due to adverse events (AEs) than PD-1, but fewer persistent AEs.</p> <p>Interpretation In patients with stage III BRAF V600-mutant melanoma post definitive surgery, D/T yielded better RFS than PD-1, with higher transient but lower persistent toxicity, and comparable OS. D/T is potentially a superior adjuvant option compared with PD-1. </p>
When 'good' is not good enough: a retrospective Rasch analysis study of the Berg Balance Scale for persons with Multiple Sclerosis
<p>Raw data associated with the scientific publication "When ‘good’ is not good enough: a retrospective Rasch analysis study of the Berg Balance Scale for persons with Multiple Sclerosis".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.