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134 results for “root traits”
Data from: Climate and soil nutrients differentially drive multidimensional fine root traits in ectomycorrhizal‐dominated alpine coniferous forests
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Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
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Variation in root hair traits in 75 xerophytic species: Constraints of phylogeny, trait trade-offs and environment
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Data from: Root community traits along a land use gradient: evidence of a community-level economics spectrum
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Data from: Degradation of root community traits as indicator for transformation of tropical lowland rain forests into oil palm and rubber plantations
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Root traits, root diameter distribution and soil parameters at the community level along a mediterranean successional gradient
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Root traits and soil microorganisms as drivers of plant-soil feedbacks within the sub-arctic tundra meadow
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Data from: Multi-dimensional patterns of variation in root traits among coexisting herbaceous species in temperate steppes
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Seedling traits from root to shoot exhibit genetic diversity and distinct responses to environmental heterogeneity within a tree population
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Data from: Nonlinearity of root trait relationships and the root economics spectrum
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Data from: Community- weighted mean plant traits predict small scale distribution of insect root herbivore abundance
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Data from: Belowground competition favors character convergence but not character displacement in root traits
<p>1. Character displacement can play a major role in species ecology and evolution, however, research testing whether character displacement can influence the evolution of root traits in plant systems remains scarce in the literature. Here we investigated the potential that character displacement may influence the evolution of root traits using two closely related morning glory species, <i>Ipomoea purpurea</i> and <i>I. hederacea</i>.</p> <p>2. We performed a field experiment where we grew the common morning glory, <i>I. purpurea</i>, in the presence and absence of competition from <i>I. hederacea</i> and examined the potential that the process of character displacement could influence the evolution of root traits.</p> <p>3. We found maternal line variation in root phenotypes and evidence that belowground competition acts as an agent of selection on these traits. Our test of character displacement, however, showed evidence of character <i>convergenc</i>e on our measure of root architecture rather than <i>displacement</i>. These results suggest that plants may be constrained by their local environments to express a phenotype that enhances fitness. Therefore, the conditions of the competitive environment experienced by a plant may influence the potential for character convergence<i> </i>or displacement to influence the evolution of root traits.</p>
Data from: Is there coordination of leaf and fine root traits at local scales? a test in temperate forest swamps
Examining the coordination of leaf and fine root traits not only aids a better understanding of plant ecological strategies from a whole-plant perspective, but also helps improve the prediction of belowground properties from aboveground traits. The relationships between leaf and fine root traits have been extensively explored at global and regional scales, but remain unclear at local scales. Here, we measured six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits related to resource economy and organ size for coexisting dominant and subordinate vascular plants at three successional stages of temperate forest swamps in Lingfeng National Nature Reserve in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, NE China. Leaf and fine root traits related with resource acquisition (e.g. specific leaf area [SLA], leaf N, leaf P, root water content and root P) decreased with succession. Overall, we found strong linear relationships between leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and root water content, and between leaf and root C, N and P concentrations, but only weak correlations were observed between leaf area and root diameter, and between SLA and specific root length (SRL). The strong relationships between LDMC and root water content and between leaf and root C, N and P held at the early and late stages, but disappeared at the middle stage. Besides, C and P of leaves were significantly correlated with those of roots for woody plants, while strong linkages existed between LDMC and root water content and between leaf N and root N for herbaceous species. These results provided evidence for the existence of strong coordination between leaf and root traits at the local scale. Meanwhile, the leaf-root trait relationships could be modulated by successional stage and growth form, indicating the complexity of coordination of aboveground and belowground traits at the local scale.
The hidden half of the fine root differentiation in herbs: nonacquisitive belowground organs determine fine-root traits
<p>Plants rely on roots for absorption of nutrients from the soil. Differences in traits of fine roots and of the root system in general thus underlie differences among individual species in their ability to live in habitats differing in nutrient status and interactions with other species. Here we examine to what extent structure of the root system is determined by whole-plant parameters, namely the expected life span of the rooting units (either genetic individuals or ramets in clonally growing plants) and the type of belowground nonacquisitive organs such as rhizomes. By using phylogenetic comparative techniques we confirm the existence of two independent directions of variation in root traits, namely fast-slow continuum and cooperation continuum and show that the fast-slow continuum is associated with the increasing lifespan of the plant's rooting units (from annuals and stoloniferous species through rhizomatous species up to nonclonal perennial species). Lifespan of the rooting unit thus determines a range of root traits, namely root mass fraction (proportion of roots from the total biomass) and root tissue density. This shared continuum in root traits, life span of the rooting units and the type of belowground nonacquisitive organs is correlated with the environment where the species typically occur, with fast end (annual and stoloniferous species) occurring in productive and disturbed, and slow end (nonclonal perennials) in unproductive habitats. Further, clonal species have slightly shallower and thinner roots as their roots are relieved from the transport function which is served by horizontal stemderived organs (stolons and rhizomes). This confirms that plant lifespan and belowground nonacquisitive organs must be considered as determinants for (fine) root traits in herbs.</p>
Root traits reveal safety and efficiency differences in grasses and shrubs exposed to different fire regimes
<p>Roots are key components of terrestrial ecosystems, yet little is known about how root structure and function vary across a broad range of species, functional groups, and ecological gradients <i>in situ</i>.</p> <p>We assessed how woody and grass root anatomical traits vary among soil depths and different fire frequencies to better understand the water-use strategies exhibited by these two functional groups in tallgrass prairie experiencing woody encroachment. Specifically, we asked: (1) Do root anatomical traits differ with fire frequency or soil depth? (2) Do relationships between anatomical traits that confer hydraulic safety versus efficiency vary by fire frequency or soil depth? (3) Is root anatomy associated with integrative root traits (e.g., root diameter, specific root length (SRL), and root biomass)? (4) When scaled by root biomass, do root water-use traits impact the capacity for water uptake?</p> <p>We collected grass and woody roots from 10, 30, and 50 cm deep soil in areas burned every 1, 4, and 20-years. We then measured xylem conduit diameter, conduit cell wall thickness, conduit number, conduit mechanical safety (t/b), stele area, endoderm thickness, hydraulic diameter, theoretical hydraulic conductivity, and root-system theoretical hydraulic conductance.</p> <p>We observed: (1) Woody roots had high hydraulic conductance in shallow soils and greater mechanical strength in deeper soils, which may provide a competitive advantage in less frequently burned, more diverse plant communities; (2) Shallow grass roots had unique trait combinations at the anatomical and root-system levels (thinner, more numerous conduits and higher root-system hydraulic conductance compared to deeper roots) that likely allow these plants to rapidly use water but tolerate dry soils under multiple fire regimes; and (3) hydraulic safety versus efficiency tradeoffs translate between different hierarchical scales (i.e., from anatomical to integrative root traits).</p> <p>These results provide anatomical evidence to explain water-use dynamics in tallgrass prairie and also provide novel insight regarding functional strategies that may facilitate the conversion from grassland to shrubland in less frequently burned tallgrass prairie. Future work should investigate these dynamics <i>in situ</i>, as they may explain current and future patterns of woody-grass coexistence in tallgrass prairies.</p>
Functional leaf and root traits Espeletia Colombia
<p>Values for leaf and root functional traits of species belonging to the Espeletiinae subtribe. </p>
Data from: The response of root traits to precipitation change of herbaceous species in temperate steppes
1. Plasticity of root traits plays an important role in determining plant growth and survival under changing climate. Shift in precipitation is one of the most pertinent global change factors driving changes in structure and function of grasslands. However, few studies have focused on intra-specific variation of root traits in response to precipitation change under field conditions. 2. We conducted a 10-year simulated increased precipitation experiment in a temperate grassland and a 700-km regional scale transect along a precipitation gradients ranging from 144.23 to 412.29 mm in northern China. The morphological, chemical and anatomical traits of the first two orders roots were measured on 15 common herbaceous species in the manipulation experiment and two regionally common species (Leymus chinensis, Artemisia frigida) along the precipitation gradients. 3. We found that most of the root traits of the herbaceous species exhibited no significant responses to water addition. The two regionally common species adjusted their root traits at sites with the annual precipitation lower than certain value, i.e., 250 mm and 160 mm for L. chinensis and A. frigida, respectively. These results indicate that root traits of the herbaceous species exhibit little plasticity in response to precipitation change, and that the adjustment of root traits occurs when the range of annual precipitation exceeds a certain thresholds. 4. Root traits of L. chinensis and A. frigida varied differently both in manipulation experiment and along the precipitation gradients. Root traits of L. chinensis were relatively constant, while A. frigida adjusted their morphological root traits in response to water addition. Moreover, L. chinensis showed higher specific root length and area, and root N contents at sites with annual precipitation lower than c. 250 mm. In contrast, A. frigida displayed thicker roots with lower specific root length and area at sites with annual precipitation lower than c.160 mm. 5. Our results showed that root traits of herbaceous species in temperate grasslands exhibited little plasticity, and that different species have evolved diverse adaptive strategies in response to precipitation change. These novel findings may provide valuable information to predict responses of temperate grasslands to future climate change.
Belowground competition can influence the evolution of root traits
<p>Although root traits play a critical role in mediating plant-plant interactions and resource acquisition from the soil environment, research examining if and how belowground competition can influence the evolution of root traits remains largely unexplored. Here we examine the potential that root traits may evolve as a target of selection from interspecific competition using <i>Ipomoea purpurea </i>and <i>I. hederacea, </i>two closely related morning glory species that commonly co-occur in the United States as a model system. We show that belowground competitive interactions between the two species can alter the pattern of selection on root traits in each species. Specifically, competition with <i>I. purpurea</i> changes the pattern of selection on root angle in <i>I. hederacea</i>, and competitive interactions with <i>I. hederacea</i> changes the pattern of selection on root size in <i>I. purpurea</i>. However, we did not uncover evidence that intraspecific competition altered the pattern of selection on any root traits within <i>I. hederacea</i>. Overall, our results suggest that belowground competition between closely related species<i> </i>can influence the phenotypic evolution of root traits in natural populations. Our findings provide a microevolutionary perspective of how competitive belowground interactions may impact plant fitness, potentially leading to patterns of plant community structure.</p>
Divergent contributions of living roots to turnover of different soil organic carbon pools and their links to plant traits
<p>1. Rhizodeposits and root litter contribute critically to soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and decomposition. This root-induced SOC turnover shows great interspecific variations. Bulk SOC consists of diverse functional pools differing in formation and stabilization. Yet, it remains unclear which plant traits regulate the effects of living roots on the turnover of different SOC pools across species.</p> <p>2. By performing <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>continuous<sub> </sub>labelling of six grassland species for a growing season in a climate-controlled chamber, we quantified the contributions of living roots to the dynamics of the fast-cycling particulate organic C and the slow-cycling mineral-associated organic C, and explored their relations to plant traits.</p> <p>3. The results showed that new root-derived SOC varied more than threefold among the six species. The variation in new root-derived SOC was best explained by the ratio of shoot to root biomass. Plant species with higher shoot:root ratio formed more new root-derived SOC. Most of the root-derived C (72%) was incorporated into the particulate organic C pool. All species caused positive rhizosphere priming effects (RPE), which varied sevenfold across species. Among plant traits, specific root length was the best predictor of interspecific variations in the RPE, with greater RPE associated with higher specific root length. Most of the RPE (70%) occurred in the mineral-associated organic C pool. Our results also showed that most plant species caused more old SOC decomposition via the RPE than new SOC formation, leading to net SOC losses, especially for the mineral-associated organic C pool.</p> <p>4. Overall, we provide novel insights into the effects of plant traits on root-induced turnover of particulate and mineral-associated organic C. Our findings should be valuable for understanding how specific plant traits regulate SOC accumulation and stabilization.</p>
Data from: Root traits are related to plant water-use among rangeland Mediterranean species
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