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265 results for “sequestration”
Enhanced Weathering Using Basalt Rock Powder: Carbon Sequestration, Co-benefits and Risks in a Mesocosm Study With Solanum tuberosum data
<p>Dataset used in the work: Enhanced Weathering Using Basalt Rock Powder: Carbon Sequestration,Co-benefits and Risks in a<br> Mesocosm Study With Solanum tuberosum</p> <p><br> authors: <br> Arthur Vienne, Silvia Poblador , Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Jens Hartmann,<br> Samuel Ijiehon, Peter Wadeand Sara Vicca</p>
Data from: Do microorganism stoichiometric alterations affect carbon sequestration in paddy soil subjected to phosphorus input?
Ecological stoichiometry provides a powerful tool for integrating microbial biomass stoichiometry with ecosystem processes, opening far-reaching possibilities for linking microbial dynamics to soil carbon (C) metabolism in response to agricultural nutrient management. Despite its importance to crop yield, the role of phosphorus (P) with respect to ecological stoichiometry and soil C sequestration in paddy fields remains poorly understood, which limits our ability to predict nutrient-related soil C cycling. Here, we collected soil samples from a paddy field experiment after 7 years of superphosphate application along a gradient of 0, 30, 60, 90 (P-0 through P-90, respectively) kg P ha-1 y-1 in order to evaluate the role of exogenous P on soil C sequestration through regulating microbial stoichiometry. P fertilization increased soil total organic C and labile organic C by 1-14% and 4-96%, respectively, while rice yield is a function of the activities of soil β-1, 4-glucosidase (BG), acid phosphatase (AP) and the level of available soil P through a stepwise linear regression model. P input induced C limitation as reflected by decreases in the ratios of C:P in soil and microbial biomass. An ecoenzymatic ratio indicating microbial investment in C versus P acquisition, i.e., ln(BG):ln(AP), changed the ecological function of microbial C acquisition and was stoichiometrically related to P input. This mechanism drove a shift in soil resource availability by increasing bacterial community richness and diversity, and stimulated soil C sequestration in the paddy field by enhancing C degradation-related bacteria for the breakdown of plant-derived carbon sources. Therefore, the decline in the C:P stoichiometric ratio of soil microorganism biomass under P input was beneficial for soil C sequestration, which offered a "win-win" relationship for the maximum balance point between C sequestration and P availability for rice production in the face of climate change.
Molecular physiology of pumiliotoxin sequestration in a poison frog
<p><span>Poison frogs bioaccumulate alkaloids for chemical defense from their arthropod diet. Although many alkaloids are accumulated without modification, some poison frog species can metabolize pumiliotoxin (PTX <strong>251D</strong>) into the more potent allopumiliotoxin (aPTX <strong>267A</strong>). Despite extensive research characterizing the chemical arsenal of poison frogs, the physiological mechanisms involved in the sequestration and metabolism of individual alkaloids remain unclear. We first performed a feeding experiment with the Dyeing poison frog (<em>Dendrobates tinctorius</em>) to ask if this species can metabolize PTX <strong>251D</strong> into aPTX <strong>267A</strong> and what gene expression changes are associated with PTX <strong>251D</strong> exposure in the intestines, liver, and skin. We found that <em>D. tinctorius</em> can metabolize PTX <strong>251D</strong> into aPTX <strong>267A</strong>, and that PTX <strong>251D </strong>exposure changed the expression level of genes involved in immune system function and small molecule metabolism and transport. To better understand the functional significance of these changes in gene expression, we then conducted a series of high-throughput screens to determine the molecular targets of PTX <strong>251D</strong> and identify potential proteins responsible for metabolism of PTX <strong>251D</strong> into aPTX <strong>267A</strong>. Although screens of PTX <strong>251D </strong>binding human voltage-gated ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors were inconclusive, we identified human CYP2D6 as a rapid metabolizer of PTX <strong>251D</strong> in a cytochrome P450 screen. Furthermore, a CYP2D6-like gene had increased expression in the intestines of animals fed PTX, suggesting this protein may be involved in PTX metabolism. These results show that individual alkaloids can modify gene expression across tissues, including genes involved in alkaloid metabolism. More broadly, this work suggests that specific alkaloid classes in wild diets may induce physiological changes for targeted accumulation and metabolism.</span></p> <div></div>
Observation‐based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models
<p><span>Soil heterotrophic respiration (R<sub>h</sub>) refers to the flux of CO2 released from soil to atmosphere as a result of organic matter decomposition by soil microbes and fauna. As one of the major fluxes in the global carbon cycle, the estimation of global R<sub>h</sub> still exists large uncertainties, which further limited our current understanding of the carbon accumulation in soils. Here, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to create a global dataset of soil R<sub>h</sub>, by linking 761 field observations with both abiotic and biotic predictors. We estimated that the global R<sub>h</sub> was 48.8 ± 0.9 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup> for 1982–2018, which was 16% less than the ensemble mean (58.6 ± 9.9 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup>) of 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. By integrating our observational R<sub>h</sub> with independent soil carbon stock datasets, we obtained a global mean soil carbon turnover time of 38.3 ± 11 yr. Using observation-based turnover times as a constraint, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models simulated faster carbon turnovers, leading to a 30% (74 Pg C) underestimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation for the past century, which was especially pronounced at high latitudes. This underestimation is equivalent to 45% of the total carbon emissions (164 Pg C) caused by global land use change at the same time. Our analyses highlight the need to constrain ecosystem models using observation-based and locally adapted R<sub>h</sub> values to obtain reliable predictions of the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems. </span></p>
FIGURE 7 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of basidiospores. A. Lactarius spinosporus (holotype). B. Russula absphaerocellaris (holotype). C. Russula brevipileocystidiata (holotype). D. Russula megapseudocystidiata (holotype). Scale bar = 5 μm.
FIGURE 6 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 6. Russula megapseudocystidiata (BJTC FAN454, holotype). A. Basidia. B. Pseudocystidia. C. Hymenophoral cystidia. D. Basidiospores. E. Peridiopellis and peridial context. F. Hymenophoral trama and hymenium. Scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURE 5 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 5. Russula brevipileocystidiata (BJTC FAN455, holotype). A. Basidia. B. Pseudocystidia. C. Basidiospores. D. Peridiopellis and peridial context. E. Hymenophoral trama and hymenium. Scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 4. Russula absphaerocellaris (BJTC FAN492, holotype). A. Basidiomata. B. Basidia. C. Basidiospores. D. Peridiopellis and peridial context. E. Hymenophoral trama and hymenium. Scale bar = 10 mm (A), 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 1 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 1. Phylogeny from the most parsimonious analysis based on 5.8S-ITS2 sequences from the hypogeous gasteroid russuloid species of Russulaceae, Russula and Lactarius. Gloeocystidiellum aculeatum served as outgroups. With a consistency index (CI) of 0.454, retention index (RI) of 0.792, and a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.546. Nodes are labeled with parsimony bootstrap support values greater than 50%. Novel sequences are in bold.
FIGURE 3 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 3. Lactarius spinosporus (BJTC FAN445, holotype). A. Basidiomata. B. Basidia. C. Hymenophoral cystidia. D. Basidiospores. E. Peridiopellis and peridial context. F. Hymenophoral trama and hymenium. Scale bar = 10 mm (A), 10 μm (B–F).
FIGURE 2 in Four new sequestrate species of Russulaceae found in China
FIGURE 2. Phylogeny from the most parsimonious analysis based on 5.8s-ITS2-nrLSU combined dataset from the hypogeous gasteroid russuloid species of Russulaceae, Russula and Lactarius. Gloeocystidiellum aculeatum served as outgroups. With a consistency index (CI) of 0.491, retention index (RI) of 0.726, and a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.509. Nodes are labeled with parsimony bootstrap support values greater than 50%. Novel sequences are in bold.
FIGURE 3 in Afroboletus sequestratus (Boletales), the first species with sequestrate basidioma in the genus
FIGURE 3. Ornamentation of basidiospores of Afroboletus and Strobilomyces. a. Afroboletus sequestratus (PC 0723575, type), showing the longitudinal costae; b. Afroboletus sequestratus (PC 0723575, type), showing the hilar appendix with a basal rim (arrow); c. Afroboletus multijugus (PC 0723570), showing the longitudinal costae, the basal rim (arrow) around the apiculus and the non-differentiation of a suprahilar plage; d. Afroboletus luteolus (SYN 1836), showing the longitudinal costae, the basal rim (arrow) around the apiculus and the absence of a suprahilar plage; notice that a secondary surface ornamentation of longitudinal ridging with occasional branching is present between the costae; e. Strobilomyces pteroreticulosporus (HKAS 91274), showing the reticulate ornamentation, and the presence of a suprahilar plage (arrow); f. Strobilomyces seminudus (HKAS 59461), showing the subcristate to verrucose ornamentation, and the presence of a suprahilar plage (arrow). Bars = 2 μm. Photos by L.H. Han.
FIGURE 2 in Afroboletus sequestratus (Boletales), the first species with sequestrate basidioma in the genus
FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Afroboletus sequestratus (PC 0723575, type). a. Basidioma in vertical section; b. Basidiospores in polar view (left) and equatorial view (right); c. Basidia and basidiospores at different stage of development, and a cystidium. Bars a = 2 cm, b and c = 10 μm. Drawings by Zhu L. Yang.
FIGURE 1 in Afroboletus sequestratus (Boletales), the first species with sequestrate basidioma in the genus
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic analysis of selected species of Afroboletus and Strobilomyces inferred from Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of rpb1, rpb2 and tef1α sequences. Bootstrap values (BS> 50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI> 0.95) are shown above or beneath individual branches. The new species is indicated in bold face.
Assessment of carbon stocks and sequestration potential of urban bio- park under arid climatic conditions
<p>Assessment of carbon stocks and sequestration potential of urban bio- <br>park under arid climatic conditions </p>
Manganese limitations and the enhanced soil carbon sequestration of temperate rainforests
<p>Manganese (Mn) has been identified as a regulatory bottleneck in the accumulation of humus because of its role as an enzymatic co-factor in the breakdown of recalcitrant C by Mn-peroxidase (MnP). We tested this abiotic limit on decay via contrasting soils along a podzolization gradient of coastal British Columbia, where an inverse exponential relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and exchangeable Mn had been observed. Moderately weathered soils (Brunisols) had an average 3.6-fold increase in MnP activity within the upper soil profile in comparison to highly weathered Podzols. An ordination of the Agaricomycete fungal community, which are responsible for MnP production in soils, confirmed significant differences in assemblages across soil types for saprotrophic fungi, particularly species within the Agaricales, Trechisporales and Auriculariales. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of <i>Pseudotsuga</i> <i>menziesii</i> were equally aligned with soil type and select taxa more abundant on Brunisols may have supplemented MnP activity. A laboratory incubation with an Mn amendment produced significant interactions in MnP activity by soil type. Surprisingly, MnP activity of both Brunisol substrates declined substantially with an amendment (-56% and -40% for forest floor and mineral soil, respectively), in contrast to Podzols (-30% and +26%, respectively). This inhibitory response was linked to considerable uptake of the amendment, and underscores how Mn<sup>2+</sup> operates directly on fungi as a regulator of <i>mnp</i> transcription for MnP production. Our study highlights a new perspective concerning the abiotic drivers underpinning the large, expansive soil C stocks across perhumid temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.</p>
Methane emissions in seagrass meadows as a small offset to carbon sequestration
<p>Station P: Masterfile includes environmental data and CO2, CH4 and radon concentration at Station P </p> <p>Station S: Masterfile includes the environmental data and CO2, CH4 and radon concentration at Station S </p> <p>Sediment Core: Master file includes the porewater DIC and CH4 concentration</p> <p>Survey: Master file of spatial survey includes GPS location, CH4 concentration </p>
Data for: Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation
<p>Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization process after 11 years no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna, as a "temporary storage container", indirectly influenced the SOC transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as "new" carbon. Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon showed that the "renewal effect" driven by the soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon inputs and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation.</p>
The Sequestration of Holistic Stress Management Techniques for Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06098755. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Prognostic Factors of Acute Splenic Sequestration
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01207037. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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