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124 results for “shrubland”
Effects of spatial distance and woody plant cover on beta diversity point to dispersal limitation as a driver of community assembly during post-fire succession in a Mediterranean shrubland
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Data from: Are forest‐shrubland mosaics of the Cape Floristic Region an example of alternate stable states?
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Data from: Classification and mapping of low-statured 'shrubland' cover types in post-agricultural landscapes of the US Northeast
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Automated total and heterotrophic soil respiration in semi-arid shrubland and annual invasive patches
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Data from: Isotopic methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon dynamics in shrublands under long-term climate change manipulation
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Data from: Climate variability and community stability in Mediterranean shrublands: the role of functional diversity and soil environment
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Data from: Dryness is accelerating degradation of vulnerable shrublands in semiarid Mediterranean environments
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Data from: Linking biological soil crust attributes to the multifunctionality of vegetated patches and interspaces in a semiarid shrubland
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Post-fire SOC and delta-13C at different types of microsite at a grassland-shrubland ecotone
Woody plant encroachment of grassland ecosystems is a geographically extensive phenomenon that can lead to rapid land degradation and significantly alter global biogeochemical cycles, and this ecosystem change has been particularly well documented in the desert grassland of the southwestern United States. Fires are known to decrease vegetation cover and increase soil erodibility, and the shifts in wildfire regimes are currently occurring in Chihuahuan Desert. It is generally recognized that the invasion of woody vegetation into grasslands and savannas will increase the carbon stored in arid ecosystems. However, carbon storage may be complicated by disturbance such as wildfire, which alters the distribution and amount of C pools in the drylands. The relative distribution of each vegetation type to the soil C pool and its variability after fires are not well-understood in this ecosystem. This research will investigate the variations of SOC and its vegetation source partition at microsite scale in the woody shrub encroached grassland after the occurrence of fire, which will provide further information on wildfire’s influence on soil C pool dynamics in arid and semiarid lands. The post-fire changes of the spatial pattern of SOC and vegetation contributions in the shrub encroached grassland will be analyzed using a geostatistical method outlined in Guan et al. (2018). Overall, understanding the post-fire redistribution and sources of SOC may provide insights on the important role played by fire, aeolian processes and vegetation in the dynamics of desert grassland ecosystems.
Data from: Changes in spatial variance during a grassland to shrubland state transition
State transitions are changes in ecosystem structure and self-reinforcing feedbacks that are initiated when an exogenous driver variable crosses a threshold. Reversing state transitions is difficult and costly. While some state transitions are relatively rapid, many take years to decades. Outside of theoretical models, very little is known about slower state transitions and how they unfold in time and space. We quantified changes in spatial variance as a mesic grassland ecosystem shifts to a shrub-dominated state, using long-term experiments and simulations that maintain grasslands with annual fires or initiate a state transition to shrub dominance by decreasing fire frequency. In the experiments, the susceptibility to state transitions varied substantially in space. In the less frequent fire treatment, some plots became shrub-dominated around year 20 and grass extirpations began in year 25, but a third of the plots were still grass-dominated in year 37. Variable rates of state transition resulted in increasing spatial variance of grass cover over time, whereas shrub cover variance decreased. In the annually burned treatment, grasses remained dominant and the spatial variance of grass cover declined. In a separate experiment, less frequent fires were maintained for 23 years and then switched to annual fires. The switch to annual fires occurred shortly after grass variance started to increase and a majority of these plots quickly returned to a grass dominated state. In simulations, spatial variance remained low and average grass cover was high under frequent fires. If fire frequency decreased below a threshold, the ecosystem transitioned to shrubland, with a transient increase in the spatial variance of grass cover during the transition between states. Synthesis. Spatial variability in the rate and susceptibility to state transitions is indicative of a system with a patchy spatial structure, high spatial heterogeneity and low connectivity between patches. Increases in spatial variance can serve as an indication that some patches have begun a state transition and that management interventions are needed to avoid widespread transitions. This is one of the first empirical examples where altering management after an increase in spatial variance prevented state transitions.
Data from: Altered leaf elemental composition with climate change is linked to reductions in photosynthesis, growth and survival in a semiarid shrubland
Climate change will increase heat and drought stress in many dryland areas, which could reduce soil nutrient availability for plants and aggravate nutrient limitation of primary productivity. Any negative impacts of climate change on foliar nutrient contents would be expected to negatively affect the photosynthetic capacity, water use efficiency and overall fitness of dryland vegetation. We conducted a four-year manipulative experiment using open top chambers and rainout shelters to assess the impacts of warming (~2ºC, W), rainfall reduction (~30%, RR) and their combination (W+RR) on the nutrient status and ecophysiological performance of six native shrub species of contrasting phylogeny in a semiarid ecosystem. Leaf nutrient status and gas exchange were assessed yearly, whereas biomass production and survival were measured at the end of the study. Warming (W and W+RR) advanced shoot growth phenology and reduced foliar macro- (N, P, K) and micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Zn) concentrations (by 8-18% and 14-56%, respectively), net photosynthetic rate (32%), aboveground biomass production (28-39%) and survival (23-46%). Decreased photosynthesis and growth in W and W+RR plants was primarily linked to enhanced nutritional constraints on carbon fixation. Poor leaf nutrient status in W and W+RR plants partly decoupled carbon assimilation from water flux and led to drastic reductions in water use efficiency (WUEi; ~41%) across species. The RR treatment moderately decreased foliar macro- and micronutrients (6-17%, except for Zn) and biomass production (22%). The interactive impacts of warming and rainfall reduction (W+RR treatment) on plant performance were generally smaller than expected from additive single‐factor effects. Synthesis: Large decreases in plant nutrient pool size and productivity combined with increased mortality during hotter droughts will reduce vegetation cover and nutrient retention capacity, thereby disrupting biogeochemical processes and accelerating dryland degradation with impending climate change. Increased macro- and micronutrient co-limitation of photosynthesis with forecasted climate change conditions may offset any gains in WUEi and productivity derived from anthropogenic CO2 elevation, thereby increasing dryland vegetation vulnerability to drought stress in a warmer and drier climate. The generalized reduction in leaf nutrient contents with warming compromises plant nutritional quality for herbivores, with potential cascading negative effects across trophic levels.
Fig. 3 in A Population Outbreak ofLichnia gallardoiGutiérrez, 1943 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Matorral Shrublands of the Transitional Coastal Desert of Chile
Fig. 3. Habitat of Lichnia gallardoi in the semiarid locality of Alcones, Coquimbo Region, Chile.
Figs. 1–2. Lichnia gallardoi, female. 1 in A Population Outbreak ofLichnia gallardoiGutiérrez, 1943 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Matorral Shrublands of the Transitional Coastal Desert of Chile
Figs. 1–2. Lichnia gallardoi, female. 1) Dorsal view; 2) Lateral view.
Figure 2 from: Wood KR, Lorence DH, Kiehn M (2016) Coprosma kawaikiniensis (Rubiaceae) a new species from the Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland community on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 60: 21-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6406
Figure 2 - Landscape habitat where Coprosma kawaikiniensis was discovered below Kawaikini, Kaua'i, showing rugged terrain and the Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland (DSSF) community.
Figure 5 from: Wood KR, Lorence DH, Kiehn M (2016) Coprosma kawaikiniensis (Rubiaceae) a new species from the Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland community on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 60: 21-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6406
Figure 5 - Stipules and petiole bases of Coprosma kawaikiniensis (A Wood 3539, paratype PTBG) and Coprosma kauensis (B Perlman 18645, PTBG). Scale bars in mm.
Data from: Poor plant performance under simulated climate change is linked to mycorrhizal responses in a semiarid shrubland
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Data from: Altered leaf elemental composition with climate change is linked to reductions in photosynthesis, growth and survival in a semiarid shrubland
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Data from: Changes in spatial variance during a grassland to shrubland state transition
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Shrubland Species Cover, Biometric, Carbon and Nitrogen Data, Southern Idaho, 2014
This dataset provides the results of the characterization of shrubland vegetation at two study areas in southern Idaho, USA: the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) and Hollister. Data were collected in September and October 2014. In each study area, several 10-m x 10-m plots were randomly established that are representative of the local dominant vegetation types. Measurements are reported for both plot and individual shrub attributes. Plot measurements include shrub density and biometric data, percent shrub cover derived from line intercept transects, percent plant species and bare ground cover derived from photo analysis, and average LAI. Measurements for selected individual shrubs include height, width, length, number of stems, and LAI. Leaf samples were collected for determining LAI, specific leaf area (SLA), carbon and nitrogen concentrations, and isotopic nitrogen and carbon.
CMS: Evapotranspiration and Meteorology, Water-Limited Shrublands, Mexico, 2008-2010
This data set provides daily average observations for evapotranspiration (measured and gap-filled), precipitation, net radiation, soil water content, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and normalized vegetation index (NDVI) from two water-limited shrubland sites for years 2008-2010. Both sites are located in the northwest part of Mexico and are part of the MexFlux network.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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