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183 results for “social wasp”
Data for: Morphometric parameters in males of the social wasp Polistes simillimus
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Data for: Field evidence for the role of plant volatiles induced by caterpillar oral secretion in prey localization by predatory social wasps
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FIGURES 1–8. Figs. 1–2. Ropalidia binghami, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Figs. 3–4. Ropalidia parartifex, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Figs. 5–6. Ropalidia sumatrae, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Figs. 7–8. Ropalidia variegata, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2 in Additional knowledge respecting taxonomy of the social wasp genus Ropalidia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with new records of three species and an updated key to species
FIGURES 1–8. Figs. 1–2. Ropalidia binghami, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Figs. 3–4. Ropalidia parartifex, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Figs. 5–6. Ropalidia sumatrae, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Figs. 7–8. Ropalidia variegata, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Habitus. Scale: 1mm
Data from: Fitness in invasive social wasps: the role of variation in viral load, immune response and paternity in predicting nest size and reproductive output
Within any one habitat, the relative fitness of organisms in a population can vary substantially. Social insects like the common wasp are among the most successful invasive animals, but show enormous variation in nest size and other fitness-related traits. Some of this variation may be caused by pathogens such as viruses that can have serious consequences in social insects, which range from reduced productivity to colony death. Both individual immune responses and colony-level traits such as genetic diversity are likely to influence effects of pathogen infections on colony fitness. Here we investigate how infections with Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV), immune response and intracolony genetic diversity (due to queen polyandry) affect nest size in the invasive common wasp, Vespula vulgaris. We show that KBV is highly prevalent in wasps and expression of antiviral immune genes is significantly increased with higher viral loads across individuals. Patriline membership within a nest did not influence KBV susceptibility or immune response. A permutational MANCOVA revealed that polyandry, viral load, and expression of the immune gene Dicer were significant predictors of variation in nest size. High intracolony genetic diversity due to polyandry has previously been hypothesized to improve colony-level resistance to parasites and pathogens. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed genetically diverse colonies to be significantly larger and to produce more queens, although this effect was not driven by the pathogen we investigated. Invasive wasps clearly suffer from pathogens and expend resources, as indicated here by elevated immune gene expression, toward reducing pathogen-impact on colony fitness.
Data from: Maternal and nourishment factors interact to influence offspring developmental trajectories in social wasps
The social and nutritional environments during early development have the potential to affect offspring traits, but the mechanisms and molecular underpinnings of these effects remain elusive. We used Polistes fuscatus paper wasps to dissect how maternally controlled factors (vibrational signals and nourishment) interact to induce different caste developmental trajectories in female offspring, leading to worker or reproductive (gyne) traits. We established a set of caste phenotype biomarkers in P. fuscatus females, finding that gyne-destined individuals had high expression of three caste-related genes hypothesized to have roles in diapause and mitochondrial metabolism. We then experimentally manipulated maternal vibrational signals (via artificial 'antennal drumming') and nourishment levels (via restricted foraging). We found that these caste-related biomarker genes were responsive to drumming, nourishment level or their interaction. Our results provide a striking example of the potent influence of maternal and nutritional effects in influencing transcriptional activity and developmental outcomes in offspring.
Data from: Nest signature changes throughout colony cycle and after social parasite invasion in social wasps
Social insects recognize their nestmates by means of a cuticular hydrocarbon signature shared by colony members, but how nest signature changes across time has been rarely tested in longitudinal studies and in the field. In social wasps, the chemical signature is also deposited on the nest surface, where it is used by newly emerged wasps as a reference to learn their colony odor. Here, we investigate the temporal variations of the chemical signature that wasps have deposited on their nests. We followed the fate of the colonies of the social paper wasp Polistes biglumis in their natural environment from colony foundation to decline. Because some colonies were invaded by the social parasite Polistes atrimandibularis, we also tested the effects of social parasites on the nest signature. We observed that, as the season progresses, the nest signature changed; the overall abundance of hydrocarbons as well as the proportion of longer-chain and branched hydrocarbons increased. Where present, social parasites altered the host-nest signature qualitatively (adding parasite-specific alkenes) and quantitatively (by interfering with the increase in overall hydrocarbon abundance). Our results show that 1) colony odor is highly dynamic both in colonies controlled by legitimate foundresses and in those controlled by social parasites; 2) emerged offspring contribute little to colony signature, if at all, in comparison to foundresses; and 3) social parasites, that later mimic host signature, initially mark host nests with species-specific hydrocarbons. This study implies that important updating of the neural template used in nestmate recognition should occur in social insects.
Data from: The geographic structure of selection on a coevolving interaction between social parasitic wasps and their hosts hampers social evolution
Social parasites exploit societies, rather than organisms, and rear their brood in social insect colonies at the expense of their hosts, triggering a coevolutionary process that may affect host social structure. The resulting coevolutionary trajectories may be further altered by selection imposed by predators, which exploit the abundant resources concentrated in these nests. Here, we show that geographic differences in selection imposed by predators affects the structure of selection on coevolving hosts and their social parasites. In a multi-year study, we monitored the fate of the annual breeding attempts of the solitary-founding females of Polistes biglumis social wasps in four geographically distinct populations that varied in levels of attack by the congeneric social parasite, P. atrimandibularis. Foundress fitness depended mostly on whether, during the long founding phase, a colony was invaded by social parasites or attacked by predators. Foundresses from each population differed in morphological traits and reproductive tactics that were consistent with selection imposed by their natural enemies and in ways that may affect host sociality. In turn, parasite traits were consistent with selection imposed locally by hosts, implying a geographic mosaic of coevolution in this brood parasitic interaction.
FIGURE 2 in Protopolybia aliciae, a new polistine social wasp from Brazilian Amazonia (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini)
FIGURE 2. First metasomal segment of Protopolybia aliciae sp. n. in dorsal view (scale bar = 0.5 mm).
FIGURES 1–10 in On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan
FIGURES 1–10. Characters of Taiwanese Polistes species, Ƥ. 1. P. formosanus. 2, 6. P. s h ir a k i i. 3, 7. P. takasagonus. 4, 8. P. huisunensis. 5, 9–10. P. eboshinus. 1–5. First and second metasomal segments, lateral view. 6–9. Clypeus. 6. Indicating width (w) and height (h) of clypeus measured. 8–9. Showing punctures on right half. 10. Metanotum and propodeum, posterolateral view. Scale 2 mm for 1–5, 10; 1 mm for 6–9.
FIGURE 2. A, B, E–H. Synoeca septentrionalis. C, D, I–L. S in SyNoeca ilheeNsis sp. nov., a new social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from Brazilian lowland Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. A, B, E–H. Synoeca septentrionalis. C, D, I–L. S. ilheensis sp. nov. A–D. Vertex, frontal view; E, I. Mandible, oblique view. F, J. Mesoscutum, oblique dorsal view. G, K. Tegula, dorsal view. H, L. Male, metasoma, ventral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 1 in SyNoeca ilheeNsis sp. nov., a new social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from Brazilian lowland Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Synoeca septentrionalis from Central America and North of South America, and S. ilheensis sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Male and female head, frontal view; and male habitus.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)
FIGURE 5. Cladogram for Angiopolybia. Only unambiguous optimizations are mapped. Character numbers are above hashmarks, while character state transitions are below, separated by ">."
FIGURE 3–4. 3 in Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical social wasps of the genus Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)
FIGURE 3–4. 3, Pronotum in lateral view: A= Angiopolybia zischkai. B= A. pallens. Scale bar = 1.0 mm; 4, Pronotum in dorsal view: A= Angiopolybia obidensis. B= A. paraensis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3 in Rediscovery of the social wasp Mischocyttarus (Kappa) tapuya Schulz, with description of the female, larva and nest (Vespidae, Polistinae)
FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3. Dorsal, lateral and frontal-lateral views of the female of M. tapuya; 4, 5. Aspects of the integument sculpture of the male (meso and metapleuron and propodeum); 6. Ventral view of the mature larva; 7. nest (largest side = 3.2 cm); 8. Map of the Belém metropolitan area with collecting locallity (Utinga) of M. tapuya.
Figure 3 in SURVEYING NEOTROPICAL SOCIAL WASPS. AN EVALUATION OF METHODS IN THE "FERREIRA PENNA" RESEARCH STATION (ECFPn), IN CAXIUANÃ, PA, BRAZIL (HYM., VESPIDAE, POLISTINAE
Figure 3. Box-whiskers plots for the numbers of individuals and species of social wasps captured in TMM traps in each of the four surveys in the ECFPn, in Caxiuanã, PA, Brazil (n= 10).
Figure 7 in SURVEYING NEOTROPICAL SOCIAL WASPS. AN EVALUATION OF METHODS IN THE "FERREIRA PENNA" RESEARCH STATION (ECFPn), IN CAXIUANÃ, PA, BRAZIL (HYM., VESPIDAE, POLISTINAE
Figure 7. Numbers of species by genus known to occur in Caxiuanã and two other localities in the Brazilian state of Pará (Belém and Serra dos Carajás). It is also presented the number of species recorded in the literature (or known to occur) in Pará "before" the survey in the ECFPn (Cooper, 1996a, 1997b; Richards, 1978; unpublished information in the Museu Goeldi and INPA collections).
Figure 1 in SURVEYING NEOTROPICAL SOCIAL WASPS. AN EVALUATION OF METHODS IN THE "FERREIRA PENNA" RESEARCH STATION (ECFPn), IN CAXIUANÃ, PA, BRAZIL (HYM., VESPIDAE, POLISTINAE
Figure 1. Map showing localization of the ECFPn, in Caxiuanã, west of Belém and Marajó Island, in Pará state.
Figure 5 in SURVEYING NEOTROPICAL SOCIAL WASPS. AN EVALUATION OF METHODS IN THE "FERREIRA PENNA" RESEARCH STATION (ECFPn), IN CAXIUANÃ, PA, BRAZIL (HYM., VESPIDAE, POLISTINAE
Figure 5. Percentage incidence and richness of polistine genera relative to total samples and species in searches made in the ECFPn, Caxiuanã, PA, Brazil.; A) 22 samples in trails; B) 23 samples by river margins.
Figure 4 in SURVEYING NEOTROPICAL SOCIAL WASPS. AN EVALUATION OF METHODS IN THE "FERREIRA PENNA" RESEARCH STATION (ECFPn), IN CAXIUANÃ, PA, BRAZIL (HYM., VESPIDAE, POLISTINAE
Figure 4. Mean percentage difference in the contributions of the two complementary 5-days trapping periods over the total number of individuals of social wasps captured along 10-days in Two-meter Malaise traps (TMM), in each of the four surveys in the ECFPn, in Caxiuanã, PA, Brazil.
Figure 3. Association between C. sulcata and A. chartifex. A in Nesting behaviour of Neotropical social wasps of the genus Clypearia de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Figure 3. Association between C. sulcata and A. chartifex. A, The wasps' colony is close to two ants' nests. B, Note that C. sulcata placed its nest immediately above the ants' nests. C and D, Individuals of A. chartifex in dorsal and lateral view.
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