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Figure 7 in Courtship song of the South African lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): evidence for a trans-equatorial geographic range?
Figure 7. Dorsal view of left half of third-instar larval head capsules. (A)–(C) Cc5 from Eilat, Israel; (D) C. zastrowi from Cedarberg, South Africa. Head markings discussed in the text are labeled. In Cc5, the most common condition for head markings is shown in B.
Figure 5 in Courtship song of the South African lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): evidence for a trans-equatorial geographic range?
Figure 5. Scatterplot of the first two factors of a principal components analysis of 19 song features (see text) of Cc5, C. zastrowi, C. lucasina, C. mediterranea and C. agilis. Each data point represents a single individual, coded by taxon.
Figure 13 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 13. Wave plots illustrating the male calling song of Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov. Each plot shows a separate recording, with a brief introductory echeme and syllable sequence, followed by a series of repeated echemes. Recordings are from (A) Pratten (28°05'S 151°44'E), (B) Yelarbon State Forest (28°32'S 151°06'E), (C) Binjour Plateau (25°32'S 151°30'E), and (D) Chinchilla (26°39'S 150°35'E), all in Queensland. All recordings were obtained in the field by LWP using RS2 (A), RS3 (B) or RS1 (C); or by A. Ewart using RS5 (D) (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 12 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 12. Wave plots illustrating the structure of the simple part of the male calling song of Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. from (A) Berry, New South Wales (34°46'S 150°44'E), (B) Spicers Gap, Queensland (28°05'S 152°25'E), (C) Rosewood, Queensland (27°37'S 152°37'E), and (D) Bauple, Queensland (25°48'S 152°35'E). All recordings were obtained in the field by LWP RS1 (A), RS5 (B) or RS2 (C and D) (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 11 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 11. Wave plots illustrating the structure of the complex, introductory part of the male calling song of Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. from (A) Bargo, New South Wales (34°17'S 150°35'E), (B) Spicer's Gap, Queensland (28°05'S 152°25'E), (C and D) Rosewood, Queensland (27°37'S 152°37'E), and (E) Berry, New South Wales (34°46'S 150°44'E). D provides an example of where timbal-derived syllables (as shown in C) have been replaced with timed wing-snaps. All recordings were obtained in the field by LWP using RS1 (A and E), RS4 (B), or RS2 (C and D) (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 9 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 9. Male calling song structure of Clinopsalta adelaida, illustrated in wave plot form. (A) a single, complete bout of calling. (B) expanded diagram of the commencing section (from A above), showing several repeated sets of song notes, each comprising a macrosyllable separated by three syllables, with a magnified example of two sets shown in the excerpt to the right. (C) expanded diagram of the middle of the song (from A), showing several macrosyllables, each separated by a sequence of syllables, gradually reducing to one syllable; an expanded version showing two macrosyllables, each followed by a syllable sequence is shown to the right of the figure. Wing snaps are detectible in the latter half of this section; however these proved too subtle for illustration. (D) expanded diagram of the latter half of the song (from A), showing repeated macrosyllables, these again expanded for convenience of examination to the right of the main figure. The recording was obtained in the field from Wyalong, New South Wales (33°55'S 147°14'E) by LWP using RS4 (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 8 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 8. Male calling song structure of Clinopsalta adelaida, illustrated in wave plot form. (A) a single, complete bout of calling. (B) expanded diagram of the commencing section (from A above), showing several repeated sets of song notes, each comprising a macrosyllable separated by three syllables, with a magnified example of two sets shown in the excerpt to the right. (C) expanded diagram of the middle of the song (from A), showing several macrosyllables, each separated by a sequence of syllables, gradually reducing to one syllable; an expanded version showing two macrosyllables, each followed by a syllable sequence is shown to the right of the figure. Wing snaps are detectible in the latter half of this section; however these proved too subtle for illustration. D: expanded diagram of the latter half of the song (from A), showing repeated macrosyllables, these again expanded for convenience of examination to the right of the main figure. The recording was obtained in the field from Telowie Gorge, South Australia (33°01'S 138°06'E) by LWP using RS2 (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 7 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 7. Clinopsalta adelaida (A) male, Warrumbungle NPk, NSW (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E) dorsal habitus; (B) male, ventral habitus; (C) female, Warrumbungle NPk, NSW (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E), dorsal habitus.
Figure 10 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 10. Male calling song structure of Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov., illustrated in wave plot form. (A) a single, complete bout of calling. (B) expanded diagram of the introductory section (from A above), showing several repeated sets of song notes, each comprising a macrosyllable separated by three syllables. (C) expanded diagram of the middle of the song (from A), showing several macrosyllables, each separated by 1–2 syllables. (D) expanded diagram of the latter half of the song (from A), showing repeated macrosyllables. The recording was obtained in the field from Berry, NSW (34°46'S 150°44'E) by LWP using RS1 (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 6 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 6. Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov.: illustration of male pygofer and internal genitalia; (a) viewed laterally from the left; (b) viewed ventrally; (c) aedeagus, viewed laterally from left; and (d) apex of theca, viewed dorsally. Characters include: bpl, basal lobe of pygofer; cl, clasper; db, dorsal beak; ps, pseudoparameres; th, theca; un, uncus; upl, upper lobe of pygofer; vs, ventral support. Specimen from 6 km W of Thane (28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E).
Figure 15 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 15. Frequency spectra comparisons between Clinopsalta cicadas, including (A) C. adelaida (from Wyalong, NSW 33°55'S 147°14'E), (B) C. autumna sp. nov. (from Bargo, New South Wales: 34°17'S 150°35'E), (C) C. autumna sp. nov. (from Redwood Park, Queensland: 27°34'S 152°00'E) and (D) C. semilunata sp. nov. (from Pratten, Queensland: 28°05'S 151°44'E). The horizontal bars show the ranges of each highest amplitude frequency plateau (bounded by the 90th percentile of each amplitude spectrum). Recordings were obtained using RS4 (A), RS1 (B and C) or RS2 (D) (see Methods and terminology).
Figure 14 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 14. Wave plots illustrating the repeated phrase structure of the male dusk calling song of Clinopsalta cicadas, including (A) C. autumna sp. nov. from Cunningham's Gap, Queensland (28°03'S 152°22'E), and (B) C. semilunata sp. nov. from Yelarbon State Forest, Queensland (28°32'S 151°06'E). Both recording were obtained in the field by LWP using RS1 (A), or RS2 (B) (see Methods and Terminology).
Figure 4 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 4. Map of central and eastern mainland Australia showing the geographical distribution of Clinopsalta adelaida
Figure 5 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 5. Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov. (A) male holotype, Pratten (28.0912°S 151.7360°E) dorsal habitus; (B) male, ventral habitus; (C) female paratype, 6 km W of Thane (28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E) dorsal habitus.
Figure 2 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 2. Photos of male left timbals, with dorsal edge at top and posterior margin at right: (A) Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov., Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E); (B) Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov., Roma (26°33'S 148°47'E).
Figure 3 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 3. Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov., illustration of male pygofer and internal genitalia; (a) viewed laterally from the left; (b) viewed ventrally; (c) aedeagus, viewed laterally from left; and (d) apex of theca, viewed dorsally. Characters include: bpl, basal lobe of pygofer; cl, clasper; db, dorsal beak; ps, pseudoparameres; th, theca; un, uncus; upl, upper lobe of pygofer;vs, ventral support. Specimen from Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E).
Figure 1 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs
Figure 1. Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. (A) male, Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E) dorsal habitus; (B) male, ventral habitus; (C) female, Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E), dorsal habitus.
MCMC samples from an analysis reported in a paper titled "A Song of Neither Ice nor Fire: Temperature extremes had no impact on violent conflict among European societies during the 2nd millennium"
<p>These data are posterior samples from an MCMC used to estimate parameters for a Bayesian state-space time-series regression model. They are products of an analysis reported in "A Song of Neither Ice nor Fire: Temperature extremes had no impact on violent conflict among European societies during the 2nd millennium", an academic paper that has recently been submitted for peer review. We have archived the MCMC samples here in order to facilitate peer review, replication, and open science.</p> <p>The samples are stored in .RData format (matrices when loaded into an R environment) and the R code used to produce them is provided in a GitHub repo (https://github.com/wccarleton/extreme-conflict). Each .RData file contains a matrix called "samples". The columns of the matrix are each an MCMC chain for a given (column name) model parameter monitored during the MCMC simulation. See the aforementioned GitHub repo for more details.<br> <br> </p>
Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
<p>Birdsong is typically seen as a long-range signal functioning in mate attraction and territory defense. Among birds, the zebra finch is the prime model organism in bioacoustics, yet almost exclusively studied in the lab. In the wild, however, zebra finch song differs strikingly from songbirds commonly studied in the wild as zebra finch males sing most after mating and in the absence of territoriality. Using data from the wild, we here provide an ecological context for a wealth of laboratory studies. By integrating calibrated sound recordings, sound transmission experiments and social ecology of zebra finches in the wild with insights from hearing physiology we show that wild zebra finch song is a very short-range signal with an audible range of about nine meters and that even the louder distance calls do not carry much farther (up to about fourteen meters). These integrated findings provide an ecological context for the interpretation of laboratory studies of this species and indicate that the vocal communication distance of the main laboratory species for avian acoustics contrasts strikingly with songbirds that use their song as a long-range advertisement signal.</p>
Song varies with latitude, climate, and species richness in a Neotropical bird
<p>Animals can encode information within acoustic signals, particularly, bird songs can be remarkably complex and can indicate individual identity and quality. Two main sets of hypotheses attempt to explain the evolution of increased birdsong complexity across large-scale geographic ranges: (1) larger acoustic space availability, and (2) greater sexual selection intensity, both of which would favor the evolution of more complex songs at higher latitudes, more seasonal and/or species-poor environments. However, few studies have assessed patterns of song complexity for birds with broad geographic ranges. Here, we determined patterns of song variation in the blue-black grassquit (<em>Volatinia jacarina</em>), considering metrics of song complexity, structure and performance. This Neotropical bird occurs from Mexico to Argentina and produces a monosyllabic song. Using recordings from online databases, we calculated song metrics, such as bandwidth, song rate, number of song components, and proportion of vibratos of this signal. We found that song features varied with latitude, climate seasonality, bird species richness and hemisphere. However, contrary to theoretical predictions, complexity mostly decreased with latitude and greater seasonality, while it was positively correlated with bird species richness. Proportion of vibratos was positively correlated with latitude and seasonality, and may be a feature under sexual selection in this species. Overall, our results did not support the main hypotheses proposed as explanations for song complexity. Our findings also highlight that song complexity does not vary uniformly among songbirds and song parameters, and future studies encompassing more species should clarify patterns and drivers of song variation across broad geographic dimensions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.