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411 results for “spatial variation”
Supplementary: Spatial-Temporal Variation in Erosion Rate of Lohit Bomi-Chayu Batholith around Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (SE of Namche Barwa massif)
<p>It is supplementary material of Borgohain et al. (2025) in Tectonic journal and contains:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Method descriptions (Low-temperature thermochronology, Bayesian erosion model, mixing model, mineral concentration factor, HeFTy thermal modeling, age2exhume thermal modeling, and topographic analysis).</p> </li> <li> <p>Dataset of detrital low-temperature thermochronology (AFT, ZFT), insitu low-temperature thermochronology (AFT, ZHe, ZFT, apatite track length).</p> </li> <li> <p>Modeling outputs.</p> </li> <li> <p>Sample codes and locations (latitude, longitude).</p> </li> </ol> <p> </p>
Temporal and spatial variation in sex-specific abundance of the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi)
<p>Understanding the range and behaviour of an invasive species is critical to identify key habitat areas to focus control efforts. Patterns of range use in parasites can differ temporally, across life stages and between sexes. The invasive avian vampire fly, <em>Philornis downsi</em>, spends the larval stage of its life within bird nests, feeding on developing nestlings and causing high levels of mortality and deformation. However, little is known of the ecology and behaviour of the non-parasitic adult fly life stage. Here, we document sex-specific temporal and spatial patterns of abundance of adult avian vampire flies during a single Darwin's finch breeding season. We analyse fly trapping data collected across 7 weeks in the highlands (N = 405 flies) and lowlands (N = 12 flies) of Floreana Island (Galápagos). Lowland catches occurred later in the season, which supports the hypothesis that flies may migrate from the food-rich highlands to the food-poor lowlands once host breeding has commenced. Fly abundance was not correlated with host nesting density (oviposition site) but was correlated with distance to the agricultural zone (feeding site). We consistently caught more males closer to the agricultural zone and more females further away from the agricultural zone. These sex differences suggest that males may be defending or lekking at feeding sites in the agricultural zone for mating. This temporal and sex-specific habitat use of the avian vampire fly is relevant for developing targeted control methods and provides insight into the behavioural ecology of this introduced parasite on the Galápagos Archipelago.</p>
Mimulus cardinalis plasticity analyses and R scripts for: Spatial variation in high temperature-regulated gene expression predicts evolution of plasticity with climate change in the scarlet monkeyflower
<p>A major way that organisms can adapt to changing environmental conditions is by evolving increased or decreased phenotypic plasticity. In the face of current global warming, more attention is being paid to the role of plasticity in maintaining fitness as abiotic conditions change over time. However, given that temporal data can be challenging to acquire, a major question is whether evolution in plasticity across space can predict adaptive plasticity across time. In growth chambers simulating two thermal regimes, we generated transcriptome data for western North American scarlet monkeyflowers (<i>Mimulus cardinalis</i>) collected from different latitudes and years (2010 and 2017) to test hypotheses about how plasticity in gene expression is responding to increases in temperature, and if this pattern is consistent across time and space. Supporting the genetic compensation hypothesis, individuals whose progenitors were collected from the warmer-origin northern 2017 descendant cohort showed lower thermal plasticity in gene expression than their cooler-origin northern 2010 ancestors. This was largely due to a change in response at the warmer (40ºC) rather than cooler (20ºC) treatment. A similar pattern of reduced plasticity, largely due to a change in response at 40ºC, was also found for the cooler-origin northern versus the warmer-origin southern population from 2017. Our results demonstrate that reduced phenotypic plasticity can evolve with warming and that spatial and temporal changes in plasticity predict one another.</p>
Spatial variation in human disturbances and their effects on forest structure and biodiversity across an Afromontane forest
<p><strong>Context</strong></p> <p>Human disturbances can have large impacts on forest structure and biodiversity, and thereby result in forest degradation, a property difficult to detect by remote sensing.</p> <p><strong>Objectives </strong></p> <p>To investigate spatial variation in anthropogenicdisturbances and their effects on forest structure and biodiversity.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>In 144 plots of 20 x 20 m distributed across a forest area of 750 km2 in Southwest Ethiopia, we recorded: landscape variables (e.g., distance to forest edge), different human disturbances, forest structure variables, and species composition of trees and epiphyllous bryophytes. We then first assessed if landscape variables could explain the spatial distribution of disturbances. Second, we analysed how forest structure and biodiversity were influenced by disturbances.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong></p> <p>Human disturbances, such as coffee management and grazing declined with distance to forest edges and penetrated at least a kilometer into the forest. The slope was not related to disturbance levels, but several types of disturbances were less common at higher elevations. Among human disturbance types, coffee management reduced liana cover and was associated with altered species composition of trees. The presence of large trees and basal areas was not related to any of the disturbance gradients.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions </strong></p> <p>Although most anthropogenic disturbances displayed clear edge effects, surprisingly the variation in the chosen forest degradation indices was only weakly related to these disturbances. We suggest that the intersection between edge effects and forest degradation is very context-specific and relies much on how particular societies use the forests. For example, in this landscape coffee management seems to be a key driver.</p>
Spatial and temporal variations in salt marsh microorganisms of the Wadden Sea
<p>Salt marshes exist at the interface of the marine and the terrestrial system. Shore height differences and associated variations in inundation frequency result in altered abiotic conditions, plant communities and resource input into the belowground system. These factors result in three unique zones, the upper salt marsh (USM), the lower salt marsh (LSM) and the pioneer zone (PZ). Marine detritus, such as micro- and macroalgae, is typically flushed into the PZ daily, with storm surges moving both salt marsh detritus and marine detritus into higher salt marsh zones. Microbial assemblages are essential for the decomposition of organic matter and have been shown to sensitively respond to changes in abiotic conditions, such as oxygen supply and salinity. However, temporal and spatial dynamics of microbial communities of Wadden Sea salt marshes received little attention. We investigated the dynamics of soil microbial communities across horizontal (USM, LSM and PZ), vertical (0-5 and 5-10 cm sediment depth) and temporal (spring, summer and autumn) scales in the Wadden Sea salt marsh of the European North Atlantic coast using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Our results show strong spatial dynamics both among salt marsh zones and between sediment depths, but temporal dynamics to be only minor. Despite varying in space and time, PLFA markers indicated that bacteria generally were the dominant microbial group across salt marsh zones and seasons, however, their dominance was most pronounced in the USM, whereas fungal biomass peaked in the LSM and algal biomass in the PZ. Only algal markers and the stress marker monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio responded to seasonality. Overall, therefore the results indicate remarkable temporal stability of salt marsh microbial communities despite strong variability in abiotic factors.</p>
Light and malaise traps tell different stories about the spatial variations in arthropod biomass and method-specific insect abundance
<p><span>1. Conclusions reached in meta-analyses of changes in insect communities may be influenced by method-specific sampling biases, which may lead to inappropriate conservation measures.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We argue that the contradictory conclusions regarding terrestrial insect biomass, abundance and richness patterns are, at least partly, due to methodological limitations that reflect taxon-specific responses to environmental changes.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>In this study, light and Malaise traps were simultaneously deployed to sample insects at 52 plots in a temperate forest in Germany along gradients of elevation (> 1000 m) and canopy openness (3 - 100 %). These gradients were used as predictors in models of total arthropod biomass according to the two trapping methods, and in models of abundance and richness of three commonly targeted groups: nocturnal moths, sampled using light traps, and hoverflies and bees, collected with Malaise traps.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>A comparison of the total arthropod biomass obtained with the two methods revealed contrary results along the canopy openness gradient. Biomass in light traps showed a decreasing trend with increasing canopy openness while biomass in Malaise traps increased. The same opposing pattern was found for the abundance of selected taxa.</span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>The different patterns describing spatial variation of arthropod communities obtained using light and Malaise traps can be explained by differences in the taxa predominantly collected. Regarding the ongoing debate on insect decline, our results demonstrate that comparing different taxa from different taxon-specific traps is inappropriate. Thus, we recommend that future meta-analyses take into account the sampling methods and taxon-specific responses to environmental changes.</span></p>
Population dynamics of Amazonian floodplain forest species support spatial variation on genetic diversity but not range expansions through time
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We tested if historical demographic changes of populations occurring on the floodplains of a major Amazon Basin tributary could be associated with range expansions from upper and middle sections of the river, following the establishment of widespread river-created environments during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Solimões River, Western Amazon, South America.</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong><em>Myrmoborus lugubris</em>, <em>Thamnophilus cryptoleucus</em> and <em>Myrmotherula assimilis</em>.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We explored spatial patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among sampled localities using thousands of Ultra-Conserved Elements. Range expansions were tested with alternative methods. We quantified habitat preference for the analyzed species to test whether the occupation of dynamic habitats could predict spatial patterns of genetic diversity.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study did not support shared population range expansions related to historical regionalized changes in habitat availability. We found considerable variation in the spatial distribution of the genetic diversity between studied taxa, and that species with higher levels of specialization to dynamic environments have a more heterogeneous distribution of genetic diversity and reduced levels of gene flow across space.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our results suggest that demographic expansions along the Solimões River might be linked to spatially homogeneous oscillation in the distribution of floodplain environments, promoting effective population size changes but not range expansion. We found that habitat specificity might be a good predictor of population connectivity along the Amazonian floodplains.</p>
Replication data and code for: Environmental discourse exhibits consistency and variation across spatial scales on Twitter
<p>Social media platforms, such as Twitter, are an increasingly important source of information and are forums for discourse within and between interest groups. Research highlights how social media communities have amplified movements such as the Arab Spring, #MeToo, and Black Lives Matter. But environmental digital discourse remains underexplored. In the present article, we apply automated text analysis to 200,000 Twitter users in several countries following leading environmental nongovernmental organizations. Some issues such as public action to decarbonize society or species conservation were discussed more intensely than agriculture or marine conservation. Our results illustrate where environmental discourse diverges and converges on Twitter across countries, states, and characteristics, such as political ideology. Using the coterminous United States as a case study, we observed that the prominence of issues varies across states and, in some cases, covaries with political ideology across counties. Our findings show paths forward to characterizing environmental priorities across many issues at unprecedented scale and extent. In this repository, we provide data and code to reproduce the results in the main text of this manuscript. This replication code and dataset accompany this manuscript: https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac051</p>
Data for "Global ocean pCO2 variation regimes: spatial patterns and the emergence of a hybrid regime"
<p>Model data for article "Global ocean pCO2 variation regimes: spatial patterns and the emergence of a hybrid regime".</p>
Dataset for Spatial Variations in the Osteocyte Lacuno-canalicular Network Density and Analysis of the Connectomic Parameters
<p>This dataset is a representative case of the loaded tibia of a C57BL/6 mouse at the mid-shaft. The image pixel size is 0.303 by 0.303 um, and the z-depth is 0.296 um. </p> <p>To generate, analyse, and quantify the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network, it requires 'Tool for Image and Network Analysis (TINA)' which can be acqruied from https://gitlab.mpikg.mpg.de/rummler/TINA.git. A demonstration has been included on using TINA.</p>
Figure 5 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 5. – Annual changes in the Shannon-Wiener (A) and equitability (B) indices.
Close to the edge: Spatial variation in plant diversity, biomass and floral resources in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields
<p>Non-crop (segetal) plants in arable systems are commonly perceived simply as "weeds", i.e. harmful at worst and undesirable at best. The increase in management intensity in European arable systems has vastly reduced the populations of all but the most disturbance-tolerant plant species, negatively impacting the whole agricultural food web. In recent years, efforts have been made to promote agricultural biodiversity through measures such as flower strips and unsprayed field margins. However, studies of their impacts on the arable flora have rarely considered their spatial variation within the crop field. We investigated the spatial distribution of vascular plant species richness and their contribution to the food web via biomass and flower units in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields in six regions of Germany. We studied two types of in-crop measures (extensive cereals without pesticides or fertiliser, and with or without intercropping with flowering species) and one adjacent measure (neighbouring flower strip), recording at 1 m intervals from the field edge to interior. These results were then extrapolated to illustrate the effects of these measures on resource provision at the field scale. Species richness and plant biomass dropped off sharply after the first metre in the conventional treatments, regardless of the adjacent habitat. The "extensive" treatments maintained a much higher level of diversity and resource provision into the field interior. At the field level, this can mean more than sixty-fold difference in provision of flowering resources between conventional management (1900 flower units/ha) and agri-environment measures (127,000 units/ha for extensive cereals).</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em></p> <p>The strong edge effects we found in conventional cultivation support the premise that reducing field sizes could play a role in promoting in-crop biodiversity. However, incorporating extensive field margins as an agri-environment measure would be more efficient at maximising diversity of generalists whilst maintaining high yields.</p>
Data from: Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield in Ecosystems
<p>Data from: Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield in Ecosystems</p>
Figure 2 in Spatial and temporal variations of soft bottom polychaetes of Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea) with new records
Figure 2. Dendrogram of the sampling stations (A: autumn, W: winter, Sp: spring, S: summer).
Figure 1 in Spatial and temporal variations of soft bottom polychaetes of Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea) with new records
Figure 1. Map of the sampling stations.
Sensitivity of M2 tidal magnetic signals to seasonal and spatial variations of ocean electric conductivity
<p>Gijm_fwd</p> <p>SH coefficients of M2 induced field for monthly conductivities.</p> <p>WOA03: March; WOA06: June; WOA09: September; WOA12: December</p> <p>Schmidt semi-normalization, complex; ordering g10,g11,h11,g20,g21,h21,g22,h22,...</p> <p>Snm</p> <p>relative differences between SH coefficients</p> <p>same ordering as Gijm_fwd</p> <p>Inversion</p> <p>result of synthetic inversion</p> <p>longitude,latitude,conductivity in S/m</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Energy-water and seasonal variations in climate underlie the spatial distribution patterns of gymnosperms species richness in China
<p>Studying the pattern of species richness is crucial in understanding the diversity and distribution of organisms in the earth. Climate and human influences are the major driving factors that directly influence the large-scale distributions of plant species, including gymnosperms. Understanding how gymnosperms respond to climate, topography, and human-induced changes is useful in predicting the impacts of global change. Here, we attempt to evaluate how climatic and human-induced processes could affect the spatial richness patterns of gymnosperms in China. Initially, we divided a map of the country into grid cells of 50 × 50 km<sup>2 </sup>spatial resolution and plotted the geographical coordinate distribution occurrence of 236 native gymnosperm taxa. The gymnosperm taxa were separated into three response variables: (i) all species, (ii) endemic species, and (iii) non-endemic species, based on their distribution. The species richness patterns of these response variables to four predictor sets were also evaluated: (i) energy-water, (ii) climatic seasonality, (iii) habitat heterogeneity, and (iv) human influences. We performed generalized linear models (GLMs) and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effect of predictors on spatial richness patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was highest in the southwestern mountainous area and Taiwan in China. We found a significant relationship between the predictor variable set and species richness pattern. Further, our findings provide evidence that climatic seasonality is the most important factor in explaining distinct fractions of variations in the species richness patterns of all studied response variables. Moreover, it was found that energy-water was the best predictor set to determine the richness pattern of all species and endemic species, while habitat-heterogeneity has a better influence on non-endemic species. Therefore, we conclude that with the current climate fluctuations as a result of climate change and increasing human activities, gymnosperms might face a high risk of extinction.</p>
Figure 2 in Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes
Figure 2. Relative abundance (%) of taxonomic (A) and feeding groups (B); mean abundance (± standard error) (C) and taxon richness (D) of the macrobenthic fauna of the two sampling plots in the study area.
Figure 3 in Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes
Figure 3. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) of the samples of the macrobenthic fauna considering the (A) taxonomic composition and (B) functional group.The vectors represent species/groups correlating more than 50% (based on Spearman correlation coefficients) with one of the first two PCO axes.
Figure 1 in Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes
Figure 1. Map of the Piriá river estuary showing the study area (A); Area 1 (B); Area 2 (C); exposed portion of a Diopatra cuprea tube found in the study area and metallic sampler (D).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.