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Figure 2 in An overview on the subterranean fauna from Central Asia

Figure 2. Central Asia. Collecting sites of subterranean fauna. Map A: numbers 1 = Kendyrli Bay; 2 = Kushka. a and b = Two detailed mountain ranges: A Kuldzhuktau Mountains, b - Nuratau Mountain range: H = Pit for hyporheic fauna; K = Kanat, artificial subterranean gallery groundwater collector and conveyer; W = Well (after A. I Jankowskaya, 1972, modified). Aral Sea in 2010. B 3 = Cholpon-Aty river and the Biological Station at Cholpon-Aty; 4 = Aksu and Dzhirgalan rivers, affluents Issyk-Kul lake; 5 = Vannovka; 6 = Shimkent; 7 = Fergana valley; 8 = Urgut; 9 = Bakhmal; 10 = Khaydarkan; 11 = Varzob; 12 = Khodzhambass; 13 = Gaurduk; 14 = Kaptar-Khana cave; 15 = Cupp-Coutunn cave system; 16 = Kugitangtau Mountains; 17 = Fergansky Mts; 18 = Alaiskiy Mts; 19 = Surkhob River; 20 = Gissarkiy (Hissarkiy) Mts; 21 = Kyzyl-Ravata.

Fig. 3 in Cryptic subterranean diversity: regional phylogeography of the sand termite Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 in the wider Namib region

Fig. 3 Median-joining network of the combined COI and COII P. allocerus sequences. Coloured circles represent the observed haplotypes, and the size is proportional to the number of collections. Black circles represent missing haplotypes. Marks show the number of mutation steps. Haplotype numbers are gained from DnaSP v6. Dotted lines and colours mark haplotypes according to the genetic group of the phylogeny

Fig. 4 in Cryptic subterranean diversity: regional phylogeography of the sand termite Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 in the wider Namib region

Fig. 4 Differences in the tapetum colour of three P. allocerus colonies and the royal pair. A Whitish tapetum of a nest from the Springklipplain from the 'Succulent Karoo' group %South Africa, 26 September 2016). B First image of the king and queen of P. allocerus from Yellow Dune %'Succulent Karoo', South Africa, 08 March 2015). C Blackish tapetum of a nest from Dieprivier %'Southern Namib', Namibia, 05 April 2017). D Blackish tapetum and chambers filled with foraged grass from Iona %'Northern Namib', Angola, 26 September 2016). Images taken by Norbert Jürgens, Felicitas Gunter

Fig. 1 in Cryptic subterranean diversity: regional phylogeography of the sand termite Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 in the wider Namib region

Fig. 1 Phylogeny of 65 P. allocerus collections inferred by the Bayesian analysis of COI and COII markers. Support values are given in posterior probability. Clades are coloured according to the genetic group. Dark blue: Succulent Karoo; Light Blue: Southern Namib; Dark green: East Gariep; Light Green: Southwestern Kalahari; Yellow: Nama; Ochre: Western Kalahari Basin; Red: Northern Namib. Abbreviations of study sites are shown in Fig. 2

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Fig. 1 in Rare production of nymphs in an Asian subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) incipient colony

Fig. 1. Group of Coptotermes gestroi individuals from the only incipient colony (10 mo old) that produced nymphs in this study. W = worker, S = soldier, M = male (primary reproductive), N = nymph (with wing buds).

Fig. 5 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 5. Accumulation of cadavers in the area with agonistic interaction between ants and termites. At the end of the fight, ants and termites sealed the area to prevent further contact.

Fig. 4 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 4. Termites inside the ant arena. Afer the termite group accessed parts of the ant tunnel system, ants rapidly sealed all connections to prevent direct interaction.

Fig. 3. Sealing and walling off the access point between the 2 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 3. Sealing and walling off the access point between the 2 species where both termites and ants are depositing sand particles to create a physical sepa- ration with little to no casualties. A) in the tube between the arenas, B) at the entrance of the arena.

Fig. 2 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 2. Arena setup for the competition experiment. On the lef, the arena contains the group of P. megacephala, while on the right, the arena contains the group of C. formosanus. Both arenas are connected by a tube (30 cm).

Fig. 1. A in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 1. A) Abandoned lot in a residential area in Ft Lauderdale, Florida. Scale bar = 1 m. B) Under the woodblock on the ground, P. megacephala had a nest structure with a large brood (circled on the right), while within 5 cm, separated by an insect-made soil barrier, C. formosanus had a tunneling structure (circled on the lef), here a fecal deposit, at the interface between the soil and the woodblock. The observed agonism between the 2 species was the result of the disturbance when the woodblock was lifed, however, both species were previously observed one year before at this exact location, showing that the proximity between the 2 species can be stable over time. Scale bar = 2cm.

Fig. 1 in Molecular diagnostic technique for the differentiation of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from other subterranean termites by multiplex-PCR

Fig. 1. Ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel (2%) illustrating a common amplicon of 262 bp from the mtDNA 16S gene for various termite species and unique amplicon of 221 bp specific for the Formosan subterranean termite.

Fig. 2 in Cryptic subterranean diversity: regional phylogeography of the sand termite Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 in the wider Namib region

Fig. 2 Distribution map of all Psammotermes allocerus collections and their assignment to the genetic groups found in the phylogenetic analyses %colours). Circles: Collections used for the phylogeny. Black lines: Country borders. Northern Namib: %AH) Aba Huab rivier, %GV) Giribesvlakte, %HD) Hartmann Dunes, %HO) Hoada, %IO) Iona, %MF) Marienfluss, %PR) Purros, %ROE) Rössing mountain, %SO) Sorris Sorris, %TM) Tomakas; Western Kalahari Basin: %AHV) Alt-Hartebeestvlei, %AM) Alex Muranda, %GU) Gariganus, %KM) Katima Mulilo, %RI) Rimini, %RS) Rundu South, %RV) Ravenna, %SA) Samehaling, %SK) Swartkop, %WF2) Warmfontein; Nama: %BY) Barby, %FRC) Fish river Canyon, %GO) Goageb, %SH) Seeheim, %WV) Witvley; Southwestern Kalahari: %GM) Goedmoed, %GR) Gurus, %KFE) Kalkfontein East, %NK) Neikop, %SKN) Swartkop North, %TT) Tranental, %UK) Ukamas, %WF1) Warmfontein; East Gariep: %AP) Akadispass, %BD) Belda, %BH) Bruinheuwel, %DH) De Hoop, %KFE) Kalfontein East, %KFW), %KV) Koeroegabvlakte, %NO) Norachas, %NU) Numees, %RB) Rooiberg, %TB) Tatasberg, %TBQ) Tatasberg Quarzfield; Southern Namib: %DV) Dieprivier, %GA) Garub, %KH) Keetmanshoop, %KW) Keerweder, %RO) Rostock, %SR) Sesriem; Succulent Karoo: %HN) Holhat North, %KTV) Kortdoornvlakte, %LUE) Lüderitz, %RDE) Red Dune East, %SP) Springklipplain, %YD) Yellow Dune, %YDRD) Yellow Dune Red Dune Transect

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Fig. 3 in Establishment and spread of two invasive subterranean termite species (Coptotermes formosanus and C. gestroi; Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in metropolitan southeastern Florida (1990-2015)

Fig. 3. Cumulative area within metropolitan southeastern Florida that is at risk of infestation by Coptotermes species over time. An area at risk was determined by the zone within a 500 m radius from a termite record (at scale on the figure).

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Fig. 1 in Establishment and spread of two invasive subterranean termite species (Coptotermes formosanus and C. gestroi; Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in metropolitan southeastern Florida (1990-2015)

Fig. 1. Putative distribution of Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes gestroi in the southeastern United States. Both species have a distribution overlap in metropolitan southeastern Florida.

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Fig. 2 in Establishment and spread of two invasive subterranean termite species (Coptotermes formosanus and C. gestroi; Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in metropolitan southeastern Florida (1990-2015)

Fig. 2. Distribution of Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes gestroi in metropolitan southeastern Florida 2000–2015.

Fig. 7 in A new cyclopoid copepod from Korean subterranean waters reveals an interesting connection with the Central Asian fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Fig. 7. Monchenkocyclops changi gen. et sp. nov., allotype male. A. habitus, dorsal view. B. urosome, ventral view. C. right caudal ramus, dorsal view. D. right caudal ramus, lateral view. E. second endopodal segment of fourth swimming leg, anterior view. F. sixth leg, ventrolateral view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores consecutively from anterior to posterior end of body, and from dorsal to ventral side (excluding appendages). Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 1 in A new cyclopoid copepod from Korean subterranean waters reveals an interesting connection with the Central Asian fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Fig. 1. Monchenkocyclops changi gen. et sp. nov., holotype female: A. habitus, dorsal view. B. antennula, dorsal view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores consecutively from anterior to posterior end of body, and from dorsal to ventral side (excluding appendages; those on cephalothorax not presented). Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 6 in A new cyclopoid copepod from Korean subterranean waters reveals an interesting connection with the Central Asian fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Fig. 6. Monchenkocyclops changi gen. et sp. nov., A-E. holotype female. F. allotype male. A. second endopodal segment of third swimming leg, anterior view. B. left fourth swimming leg, anterior view. C. second endopodal segment of right fourth swimming leg, anterior view. D. fifth leg, anterior view. E. sixth leg, lateral view. Scale bar 100 µm.

Fig. 4 in A new cyclopoid copepod from Korean subterranean waters reveals an interesting connection with the Central Asian fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Fig. 4. Monchenkocyclops changi gen. et sp. nov., A-E. holotype female. F. paratype female. A. urosome, dorsal view. B. antenna, dorsal view. C. labrum, anterior view. D. maxillula, posterior view. E. mandibula, anterior view. F. cutting edge of labrum, anterior view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores consecutively from anterior to posterior end of body, and from dorsal to ventral side (excluding appendages). Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 5 in A new cyclopoid copepod from Korean subterranean waters reveals an interesting connection with the Central Asian fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Fig. 5. Monchenkocyclops changi gen. et sp. nov., holotype female: A. maxilla, anterior view. B. maxilliped, posterior view. C. first swimming leg, anterior view. D. second swimming leg, anterior view. Scale bar 100 µm.