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FIG. 14 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 14. Cnidae of Actinostella flosculifera (Le Sueur, 1817). A, C, E, H, I, K, L, M, basitrichs; B, spirocysts; F, N, basitrichs S; D, G, J, P, p-mastigophore A; O, b-mastigophore; Q, p-mastigophore B1.

FIG. 8 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 8. Internal anatomy of Actinostella californica (McMurrich, 1893). A, longitudinal section of the distal column showing distal verrucae (v), vesicles (ve) in the marginal ruff, marginal sphincter muscle (s), and the fosse; B, cross section at the actinopharynx level showing cycles of mesenteries and siphonoglyphs (si); numbers between pairs of mesenteries indicate the corresponding cycle; C, detail of the endodermal marginal sphincter muscle; D, cross section of a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal muscles; E, detail of developing oocytes (o); F, detail of a cross section showing the retractor (r) and parietobasilar (p) muscles; G, cross section of proximal end showing the basilar muscles (r). Abbreviations: b, basilar muscles; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; o, oocytes; p, parietobasilar muscle; r, retractor muscle; s, sphincter; si, siphonoglyph; t, tentacle; v, verrucae; ve, vesicles. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C–E, G, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 11 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 11. Internal anatomy of Actinostella digitata (McMurrich, 1893). A, longitudinal section of the distal column showing distal vesicles (ve) in the marginal ruff, marginal sphincter muscle (s), and the fosse; B, cross section proximal to the actinopharynx level showing cycles of mesenteries, and the siphonoglyph (si); numbers between pairs of mesenteries indicate the corresponding cycle; C, detail of verrucae (v) in distal column; D, cross section of a tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal muscles; E, detail of developing spermatic cysts (sc); F, detail of a cross section showing the retractor (r) and parietobasilar (p) muscles; G, cross section of proximal end showing weak basilar muscles (b). Abbreviations: b, basilar muscles; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; sc, spermatic cysts; p, parietobasilar muscle; r, retractor muscle; s, sphincter; si, siphonoglyph; t, tentacle; v, verrucae; ve, vesicles. Scale bars: A, F, 5mm; B–E, G, 1 mm.

FIG. 5 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 5. External and internal anatomy of the holotype of Asteractis bradleyi Verrill, 1869 (YPM-1009) (= Actinostella bradleyi). A, lateral view of holotype, showing the marginal ruff; B, oral view of holotype; C, detail of the pedal disc of holotype; D, longitudinal section of the distal column showing distal verrucae (v), vesicles (ve) in the marginal ruff, marginal sphincter muscle (s), and the fosse; E, detail of the endodermal marginal sphincter muscle; F, detail of the verrucae in the distal column; G, cross section at the actinopharynx level showing the directive mesenteries, retractor muscle (r), and siphonoglyphs (si); H, detail of a pair of mesenteries of the third cycle showing the parietobasilar muscle (p); I, longitudinal section of proximal end showing basilar muscles (b). Abbreviations: b, basilar muscle; f, marginal ruff; p, parietobasilar muscle; r, retractor muscle; s, sphincter; si, siphonoglyphs; v, verrucae; ve, vesicle. Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D–I, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 3 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 3. Internal anatomy of Actinostella bradleyi (Verrill, 1869). A, longitudinal section of the distal column showing distal verrucae (v), vesicles (ve) in the marginal ruff, marginal sphincter muscle (s), and the fosse; B, cross section at the actinopharynx level showing four cycles of mesenteries; numbers between pairs of mesenteries indicate the corresponding cycle; C, detail of the endodermal marginal sphincter muscle; D, cross section of a tentacle showing the ectodermal longitudinal muscles; E, detail of developing spermatic cysts (sc); F, detail of developing oocytes (o); G, detail of a cross section showing the retractor (r) and parietobasilar (p) muscles; H, cross section of proximal end showing the basilar muscles (b). Abbreviations: b, basilar muscles; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; me, mesoglea; o, oocytes; p, parietobasilar muscle; r, retractor muscle; s, sphincter; sc, spermatic cysts; t, tentacle; v, verrucae; ve, vesicles. Scale bars: A, B, G, H, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 12 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 12. Cnidae of Actinostella digitata (McMurrich, 1893). A, B, D, F, G, H, J, K, basitrichs; C, spirocysts; L, basitrichs S; E, I, N, p-mastigophore A; M, b-mastigophore; O, p-mastigophore B1. Capsules depicted in K and O were found only in type specimens.

FIG. 9 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 9. Cnidae of Actinostella californica (McMurrich, 1893). A, C, D, F, G, I, J, K, basitrichs; B, spirocysts; E, L, basitrichs S; H, N, p-mastigophore A; M, b-mastigophore; O, p-mastigophore B1.

FIG. 4 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 4. Cnidae of Actinostella bradleyi (Verrill, 1869). A, C, E, H, I, K, L, M, basitrichs; B, spirocysts; F, N, basitrichs S; D, G, J, P, p-mastigophore A; O, b-mastigophore; Q, p-mastigophore B1.

FIG. 6 in Revision of the genus Actinostella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinioidea) from tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and eastern Pacific: redescriptions and synonymies

FIG. 6. Cnidae of holotype of Actinostella bradleyi (Verrill, 1869) (YPM-1009). A, C, E, H, I, K, L, M, basitrichs; B, spirocysts; F, N, basitrichs S; D, G, J, P, p-mastigophore A; O, b-mastigophore.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Data from: Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity across tree communities in subtropical Atlantic forests

<h2><strong>The study is published in Oikos and available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10961">https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10961</a></strong></h2> <p>Here we aim to assess temporal taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of adult and juvenile tree communities across 11 sites in the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest to infer about trends and drivers of biodiversity change. The tree communities were evaluated for temporal changes in: (1) taxonomic and functional alpha diversity, (2) taxonomic and functional composition (beta diversity), and (3) identifying potential abiotic and biotic drivers of these changes, considering three censuses across a period of 10 years.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Files description:</h2> <p><strong>traits-adults.csv</strong> - adult tree species and their functional traits values.</p> <p><strong>traits-juveniles.csv</strong> - juvenile tree species and their functional trait values.</p> <p><strong>abundance-adults_synthesis.csv</strong> - adult tree species abundance over the three time periods of forest surveys (T1, T2, and T3). Raw data on tree individual level is available at ForestPlots.net database (<a href="https://forestplots.net/">https://forestplots.net/</a>) under request.</p> <p><strong>abundance-juveniles_synthesis.csv</strong> - juvenile tree species abundance over the three time periods of forest surveys (T1, T2, and T3). Raw data on tree individual level is available at ForestPlots.net database (<a href="https://forestplots.net/">https://forestplots.net/</a>) under request.</p> <p>Functional traits abbreviations are defined as follows: LA = leaf area; SLA = specific leaf area; WD = wood density; SM = seed mass; range_temp = range of mean annual temperature; range_CWD = range of climatological water deficit; and biomes_distrib = number of Brazilian biomes that the species occur according to Flora and Funga do Brazil.</p> <p> </p> <h2><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></h2> <p>This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, through Portal de Periódicos and scholarships granted to JMFK, JK and RCP. The fieldwork was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS grant numbers 2218 – 2551/12-2 and 19/2551-0001698-0), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/FAPERGS/PELD number 441590/2020-9), and the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, supported by MCTIC/CNPq (grant number 465610/2014-5). KMB gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the National Institute of Science and Technology in Low Carbon Emission Agriculture (INCT-ABC) sponsored by Brazil’s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant no. 406635/2022-6), the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fapergs, grant no. 22/2551-0000392-3), and the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA). SCM is supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; grant number 309659/2019-1.</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>Please find below the data used in the study.</strong></h3>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Fig. 3 in Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects

Fig. 3. Proportion in number and biomass (CPUE) of the trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient of the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Iguaçu River, before and after the impoundment. (1 = upstream; 2 = middle region; 3 = dam; 4 = downstream) (Alg = algivores; Det = detritivores; Her = herbivores; Ain = aquatic insectivores; Tin = terrestrial insectivores; Inv = invertivores; Omn = omnivores; Pis = piscivores; Pla = planktivores; Car = carcinophages).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Fig. 1 in Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects

Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites along the longitudinal gradient of the Iguaçu River, in the area influenced by the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Paraná State. a) before the impoundment; b) after the impoundment. (site 1 = upstream; site 2 = middle region; site 3 = dam; site 4 = downstream).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Fig. 2 in Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects

Fig. 2. Graphical representation of the first two axes of the Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nNMDS), demonstrating the food resources used by the fish fauna in the different sites and phases, in the area influenced by the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Iguaçu River. FR = Food resources (AI = aquatic insects; TI = terrestrial insects; DE = decapods; MC = microcrustaceans; MA = macroinvertebrates; MI = microinvertebrates; FI = fish; FS = fish scales; AP = aquatic plants; TP = terrestrial plants; AL = algae; DS = detrit/sediment); B = before impoundment, A = after impoundment; 1 to 4 = sampling sites.

Figure 2 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 2. – Transverse section of an otolith (asteriscus) from a 2+-year- old Hampala macrolepidota from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir. The section was acid etched, stained with toluidine blue and viewed using reflected light: 2 strained translucent zones (white trian- gle) were counted along the sulcus axis. Core (C), translucent stainable zone (TZ), opaque zone (OZ), ventral face (V), dorsal face (D), external face (E) and internal face (I).

Figure 5 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 5. – Von Bertalanffy growth function adjusted to the age (month)-standard length of Hampala macrolepidota from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR between November 2015 and January 2017; at left, all polled and at right, by sex, grey dotted lines show the 95% confident interval.

Figure 1 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 1. – Map of the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR at its highest level (surface = 489 km²) and localization of sampling sites by experimental fishing gillnets (black dotes) and of villages (black stars) by landing/fishing effort monitoring. Source: Google Earth.

Figure 6 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 6. – Percentage of mature Hampala macrolepidota females in 20 mm standard length intervals from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR in 2016 fitted to a logistic function.

Figure 6 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 6. – At left, percentage of mature Oreochromis niloticus females by 20 mm standard length intervals, a fitted to logistic function from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR in 2016; at right, percentage of mature Oreochromis niloticus females by age (year), fitted to a logistic function from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR in 2016.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Fig. 2a, b in Morphological, ecological and toxicological aspects of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) in a eutrophic urban subtropical lake in southern Brazil

Fig. 2a, b. Bar graphs indicating the relative percentages of different phytoplankton groups in the lake inflow (a) and outflow (b), sampled every month from November 2009 to November 2010.