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330 results for “symbiosis”
Data from: Breakdown of a defensive symbiosis, but not endogenous defenses, at elevated temperatures
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Data for mycorrhizal C/N ratio determines plant-derived carbon and nitrogen allocation to symbiosis
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Phosphorus nutrition strategies in a symbiodiniacean species: Implications in coral-alga symbiosis facing increasing phosphorus deficiency in future warmer oceans
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Even obligate symbioses show signs of ecological contingency: impacts of symbiosis for an invasive stinkbug are mediated by host plant context
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A thallus forming N-fixing fungus-cyanobacterium symbiosis from subtropical forests
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Data from: Symbiont-specific responses to environmental cues in a threesome lichen symbiosis
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Urbanization drives partner switching and loss of mutualism in an ant-plant symbiosis
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Data from: Adaptive divergence in a defense symbiosis driven from the top down
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Formations of mycorrhizal symbiosis alter the phenolic heteropolymers in roots and leaves of four temperate woody species
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Data from: Trade‐off between reproductive and anti‐competitor abilities in an insect–parasitic nematode–bacteria symbiosis
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Data from: Increasing prevalence of plant-fungal symbiosis across two centuries of environmental change
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Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates
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Combining GWAS and population genomic analyses to characterize coevolution in a legume-rhizobia symbiosis
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Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi
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Nitrogen fertilization nullifies host sanctions against non-fixing rhizobia and drives divestment from symbiosis in Lotus japonicus
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Temperature influences the outcomes of an environmentally-acquired symbiosis
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Data from: De novo gene birth, horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication as sources of new gene families associated with the origin of a symbiosis in Amanita
<p>By introducing novel capacities and functions, new genes and gene families may play a crucial role in ecological transitions. Mechanisms generating new gene families include <i>de novo</i> gene birth, horizontal gene transfer and neofunctionalization following a duplication event. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a ubiquitous mutualism and the association has evolved repeatedly and independently many times among the fungi, but the molecular dynamics enabling its emergence remain elusive. We developed a phylogenetic workflow to first understand if gene families unique to ECM <i>Amanita</i> fungi and absent from closely related asymbiotic species are functionally relevant to the symbiosis, and then to systematically infer their origins. We identified 109 gene families unique to ECM <i>Amanita </i>species. Genes belonging to unique gene families are under strong purifying selection and are upregulated during symbiosis, compared to genes of conserved or orphan gene families. The origins of seven of the unique gene families are strongly supported as either <i>de novo</i> gene birth (two gene families), horizontal gene transfer (four), and gene duplication (one). An additional 34 families appear new because of their selective retention within symbiotic species. Among the 109 unique gene families, the most upregulated gene in symbiotic cultures encodes an ACC deaminase, an enzyme capable of downregulating the synthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. Ethylene is a common negative regulator of plant-microbial mutualisms.</p>
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis increases P uptake and productivity of mixtures of maize varieties compared to monocultures
<p>Ecological intensification seeks to achieve crop yield increases through intensifying complementary or facilitative interactions between plant species or varieties. Different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exhibit niche differentiation and show selectivity towards certain plants, which can further enhance complementarity. It is not clear whether in the presence of one AMF species, where mycelial networks connect crop species, opportunities for complementarity effects may be reduced.</p> <p>We grew monocultures and mixtures of maize varieties in a greenhouse with one species of AMF, Funneliformis mosseae, during two consecutive years to investigate whether under such conditions the mycorrhizal symbiosis would affect complementarity and overyielding compared to non-mycorrhizal plants.</p> <p>Variety mixtures showed increased phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal colonization, enhanced P-uptake and overyielding when plants were mycorrhizal. There was no overyielding when plants were non-mycorrhizal. The increase in relative yield total was due to complementarity effects.</p> <p>Our data show that the magnitude of mycorrhiza-induced overyielding in maize variety mixtures can be similar to that reported for plant species mixtures. Our study implies that appropriate agricultural management that enhances the mycorrhizal fungal contribution to ecosystem services may result in overyielding in yield or P uptake through mixing varieties of one crop species.</p>
Experimental evolution of virulence and associated traits in a Drosophila melanogaster – Wolbachia symbiosis
<p>Evolutionary theory predicts that vertically transmitted symbionts are selected for low virulence, as their fitness is directly correlated to that of their host. In contrast with this prediction, the <em>Wolbachia</em> strain <em>w</em>MelPop drastically reduces its <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> host lifespan at high rearing temperatures. It is generally assumed that this feature is maintained because the <em>D. melanogaster</em>–<em>w</em>MelPop symbiosis is usually not exposed to environmental conditions in which the symbiont is virulent. To test this hypothesis, we submitted <em>w</em>MelPop-infected <em>D. melanogaster</em> lines to 17 generations of experimental evolution at a high temperature, while enforcing late reproduction. The fly survival was measured at different time points, as well as two traits that have been proposed to be causally responsible for <em>w</em>MelPop virulence: its relative density and the mean number of octomom copies present in its genome. We hypothesised that these conditions would select for a reduced <em>w</em>MelPop virulence, a reduced <em>w</em>MelPop density, and a reduced octomom copy number. Our results indicate that density, octomom copy number and virulence are correlated. However, contrary to our expectations, we could not detect any reduction in virulence during the course of evolution. We discuss the significance of our results with respect to the evolutionary causes of <em>w</em>MelPop virulence and propose that intra-host selection could explain this conundrum.</p>
Context-dependent variability in the population prevalence and individual fitness effects of plant-fungal symbiosis
<p>1. Heritable symbionts, found within a diverse array of flora and fauna, are often observed at intermediate prevalence within host populations, despite expectations that positive fitness feedbacks should drive beneficial symbionts to fixation. Intermediate prevalence may reflect neutral dynamics of symbionts with weak fitness effects, transient dynamics of symbionts trending toward fixation (or elimination), or a stable intermediate outcome determined by the balance of fitness effects and failed symbiont transmission. Theory suggests these outcomes should depend on symbiont-conferred effects and vertical transmission efficiency, which may both depend on environmental context.</p> <p>2. We tested these alternatives by tracking temporal change in population-level symbiont prevalence in a three-year field experiment with grasses and vertically transmitted fungal endophytes under the context of manipulated precipitation. Precipitation can mediate endophyte effects on host grasses, and is a relevant context, as global climate models predict changes in precipitation amount and seasonal distribution.</p> <p>3. We found evidence for each of the three proposed mechanisms for intermediate symbiont prevalence, but the outcome differed qualitatively across years and precipitation treatments. Specifically, within the first study year, all populations under ambient precipitation trended toward symbiont fixation, whereas elevated precipitation literally neutralized the interaction resulting in no long-run equilibrium. The second study year yielded a different result with long-run equilibria at an intermediate prevalence for both ambient and elevated precipitation treatments. We linked these population-level outcomes with individual-level symbiont effects on grasses and showed that the benefits of symbiosis were concentrated at the seedling stage, especially under drought stress during the time period coinciding with recruitment. The drought stress evident during the first year of the study was not present in the second year due to greater ambient precipitation during this time period. Together, these findings provide the first experimental evidence that population-level outcomes of host-symbiont interactions, which arise from the composite outcome of demographic vital rates and transmission, can be dynamically stable and can fluctuate in response to shifts in spatio-temporal context.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Overall, these results indicate that intermediate prevalence of heritable microbial symbionts likely reflects a combination of neutral, transient, and stable mechanisms, and context-dependent fluctuations among them.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.