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122 results for “temperate trees”
Stable carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in tree rings from temperate forests within long-term monitoring network in the UK
<p>Supporting dataset for the paper "Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water‑use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain" by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports DOI is 10.1038/s41598-020-67562-w (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w</a>)</p> <p>The dataset includes carbon, oxygen and nitrogen stable isotope composition measured in tree rings for four species at twelve forests across climate and atmospheric deposition gradients in Britain. Data were used to i) investigate spatial and temporal (over 30‑years) changes in tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE, i.e., the ratio between CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation - A, and stomatal conductance- g<sub>s</sub>); ii) assess the possible species-specific physiological mechanisms (changes in A and/or g<sub>s</sub>) evaluate whether sites receiving high Ndep experience increase in ecosystem N availability and N saturation (using tree-ring nitrogen isotope composition as a proxy); iv) elucidate drivers of spatial and temporal changes in the isotope-derived physiological and ecological processes (i.e., relative contribution of climate vs. changes in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen and sulfur deposition). </p> <p>The following files are available:</p> <ul> <li>CSV file including: a) Site names; b) Species; c) Latitude; d) Longitude; e) Investigated years (1980-2010); f) Measured isotope-related parameters and tree ring nitrogen %. Isotope-related parameters included in the dataset are: 1) delta13C, 2) carbon isotope discrimination (Delta13C), 3) intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ci/ca), delta18O, estimated delta18O in precipitation (delta18OP) according to Barbour et al. 2001 (see Method in Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports), oxygen isotope discrimination above the source water (Delta18O), delta15N. </li> <li>PDF file reporting the equations used to calculate the isotope-derived parameters, which can also be found in the paper by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports (accepted)</li> </ul>
Post-disturbance conifer tree-ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests
<p>1. Post-disturbance losses in nitrogen (N) may diminish forest productivity, and soils with inherently 'open' N cycles (high nitrification rates) are considered the most vulnerable to leaching losses of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Monitoring ongoing N depletion from soil profiles is challenging, but tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N of regenerating stands may offer an effective method for assessing site-specific, long-term soil N dynamics. Evidence to date is mixed, however, and includes increasing, unchanging, or decreasing tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N in young stands following stand-level disturbances, possibly because of contrasting soil fertility among study sites. In addition, a consensus on post-disturbance N trajectories is hampered by the sometimes inconsistent patterns in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N found between tree species of differing mycorrhizal association.</p> <p><a name="_Hlk38376288">2. We compared tree-ring </a>δ<sup>15</sup>N of two conifer species (<i>Picea sitchensis</i> with ectomycorrhizal fungi and <i>Thuja plicata</i> with arbuscular mycorrhiza) from a replicated silviculture trial across temperate rainforests of Vancouver Island (Canada). A natural gradient in soil fertility across the six sites, driven largely by topography and parent materials, was confirmed by an <i>in situ</i> increase in N mineralization and nitrification rates with declining C:N ratios for both organic horizons and mineral soils. </p> <p>3. Five decades after logging, the overall trend in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N was positive, but among individual plots there was a wide range in δ<sup>15</sup>N slopes, ranging from nearly 0 to 0.13. We found the gains in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N over time were consistent between mycorrhizal types and escalated sharply (up to 6‰) with increasing N mineralization rates, although less so on flat terrain with seasonal water tables. The most recent sapwood was also enriched in <sup>15</sup>N as soil N mineralization rates increased, perhaps slightly more so for <i>T</i>. <i>plicata</i> than <i>P</i>. <i>sitchensis</i>. </p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis</i>. The correspondence of tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N with soil fertility may be especially strong in regenerating forests because of tree ontogeny effects, including the expansion of rooting depth and differences in N resorption efficiency with stand age. <a name="_Hlk37683599">Sharp</a> increases in tree-ring d<sup>15</sup>N underscore the vulnerability of low C:N soils with open N cycles to post-disturbance N losses, and highlight how repeated, frequent harvest cycles may risk substantial N depletion from these productive rainforest ecosystems.</p>
Data from: The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species
1. Fine roots play a key role in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, since fine root lifespan drives soil organic C input and, thus, N availability. The two principal fungal symbioses found in temperate forest trees, ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), induce different root morphological changes upon infection, but the consequences for root lifespan are not clear. 2. We explored differences in fine root lifespan between four AM and four ECM tree species using mini-rhizotrons in a factorial drought experiment in large mesocosms. 3. Median root lifespan of young AM and ECM trees differed fundamentally in its response to soil moisture and season of root birth: ECM root lifespan was reduced from 176 to 81 d in dry soil compared to moist soil, independent of season. By contrast, AM root lifespan was less responsive to drought, but decreased from 185 to 127 d when comparing roots produced early in the growing season vs. mid-season. In both mycorrhizal types, root lifespan was positively related to root diameter and negatively to the portion of lower-order roots. 4. Synthesis. While our results indicate morphological and architectural traits that predict root lifespan across tree species, they also indicate principal differences in the environmental response of root lifespan in young AM and ECM trees. This knowledge helps to improve global predictions of root lifespan.
Data from: Roles of pathogens on replacement of tree seedlings in heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest: a reciprocal seed sowing experiment
1. In forest communities, the Janzen–Connell (J-C) hypothesis proposes that species diversity is maintained by non-competitive distance- and/or density-dependent seedling mortality caused by host-specific natural enemies. However, the effects of pathogen associations from nearby conspecifics vs. heterospecifics remain unknown in spatially heterogeneous light environments. 2. Seeds of hardwood species Cornus controversa (Cornus) and Prunus grayana (Prunus) were sown beneath 6–7 Cornus and Prunus adults in both the forest understory (FU) and in gaps (Gap) created by felling all woody vegetation near the focal adults. Seedling growth, mortality, killing agents (e.g. pathogens that cause damping-off and leaf diseases), and root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were investigated. 3. We found strong habitat effects on the expression of soil fungi beneath both tree species. Seedling mortality caused by soil-borne damping-off pathogens was greater in FU than in Gap, and AMF infection, which enhanced relative seedling growth rate, was greater in Gap than in FU. Seedling mortality caused by damping-off pathogens did not differ between Cornus and Prunus seedlings beneath the adults of conspecific or heterospecific adults in both FU and Gap, suggesting little distance-dependence or host preference in the fungus. 4. Beneath the adults of Cornus and Prunus, the most prevalent leaf diseases were zonate leaf blight and angular leaf spot caused by the airborne pathogenic fungi Haradamyces foliicola and Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae, respectively. Although these pathogens attacked the seedlings of both species, conspecific seedlings (i.e. home) showed more severe leaf damage, earlier leaf shedding and/or less defensive behaviour (cell wall defence) relative to heterospecific seedlings (i.e. away), suggesting negative distance-dependent attack (i.e. host preference) for these leaf diseases. As a result, greater seedling mortality was observed for conspecific seedlings under both FU and Gap treatments. 5. Synthesis. In the temperate forest, the J-C hypothesis is largely mediated through the strong negative influence of airborne leaf diseases rather than through soil-borne damping-off pathogens. We found that airborne diseases demonstrated distance-dependent host preferences, which led to greater conspecific seedling damage regardless of environmental light conditions.
Data from: Divergence in strategies for coping with winter embolism among co-occurring temperate tree species: the role of positive xylem pressure, wood type and tree stature
1. In temperate ecosystems, freeze-thaw events are an important environmental stress that can induce severe xylem embolism (i.e. clogging of conduits by air bubbles) in overwintering organs of trees. However, no comparative studies of different adaptive strategies among sympatric tree species for coping with winter embolism have examined the potential role of the presence or absence of embolism refilling by positive xylem pressure. 2. We evaluated the degree of winter embolism and hydraulic architecture traits in 22 deciduous angiosperm tree species typical of temperate forest sites in NE China. Co-occurring trees growing in a local botanical garden were used to minimize variation caused by differences in proximal environmental conditions and to ensure that interspecific variation reflected genetic differences between species. 3. Four functional groups with potentially different strategies for coping with winter embolism were compared: positive xylem pressure generating species (PXP) that are all diffuse-porous, except a semi-ring-porous species, large (LDP) and small (SDP) statured diffuse-porous tree species that are unable to generate positive xylem pressure, and ring-porous species (RP). 4. The PXP group exhibited nearly full recovery from winter embolism in contrast to the other three groups, which showed persistent and relatively high degrees of hydraulic dysfunction during the subsequent growing season. The absence of a functional trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety against freeze-thaw induced embolism in the PXP group and the presence of a trade-off in the other three groups, suggests that the ability to generate root or stem pressure for embolism refilling may partially free some temperate tree species from adaptive constraints imposed by winter embolism formation. 5. Efficient winter embolism reversal by positive pressure in PXP species did not distinguish them from their non-xylem pressure-generating LDP counterparts in terms of various measures of xylem hydraulic efficiency during the growing season. Divergence in the ability to refill winter embolism through generation of positive xylem pressure implies a series of functional trade-offs that may partially explain the co-existence of these two types of temperate tree species.
Xylem hydraulics and non-structural carbohydrate contents in 15 temperate tree species
<p class="1CxSpFirst">In humid temperate forests, the occurrence of frequent freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) is a main factor limiting tree growth, as xylem embolism induced by FTC poses a serious threat to the hydraulic integrity of trees. A high resilience to hydraulic dysfunction involves the enhancement of embolism resistance and/or extra non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) inputs for restoration of an impaired hydraulic system. However, potentially negative implications of such NSC allocation on tree growth have not yet been explored.</p> <p class="1CxSpMiddle">At a temperate forest site of northeast China, we studied xylem hydraulics and NSC contents in relation to winter embolism resilience in 15 sympatric broadleaf tree species belonging to three genera with relatively high species richness, 6 <i>Acer</i> species, 5 <i>Betula</i> species and 4 <i>Populus</i> species.</p> <p class="1CxSpLast"><i>Acer</i> and <i>Betula</i> species had higher soluble sugar contents in the dormant season and indeed had higher hydraulic resilience to FTC induced embolism but slower stem growth. <i>Populus</i> species had higher NSC contents during the growing season and their faster stem growth was also consistent with higher hydraulic efficiency (Ks) and leaf photosynthetic rate.<span> The positive correlation between tree </span><span>trunk</span><span> radial growth rate and hydraulic conductivity suggests that</span><span> xylem water transport efficiency can be a fundamental basis for tree productivity due to a significant hydraulic-photosynthetic coordination</span><span>. The negative correlation between soluble sugar concentration in the dormant season and stem growth rate indicates that </span>metabolic carbon costs for enhancing hydraulic resilience may compromise tree growth during the growing season.</p> <p>Comparisons among <i>Acer</i>, <i>Betula</i> and <i>Populus</i> and the correlation analyses based on phylogenetic independent contrasts strongly support the existence of a trade-off between hydraulic resilience against FTC induced embolism and growth rate among sympatric tree species under humid temperate climate conditions. This trade-off has likely contributed to the sorting of temperate tree species and genera to different niches along environmental gradients with respect to freezing stress and interspecific competition.</p>
Data from: Early snowmelt by an extreme warm event affects understory more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests
<p><span>We conducted a warming experiment (four 20 m by 20 m plots) in temperate forests of Japan to determine the effects of earlier snowmelt on both understory dwarf bamboo plants and overstory birch trees. Our experimental treatment advanced snowmelt by about 10 days and increased soil temperatures that were associated with increased rates of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification. Furthermore, these changes led to lower C:N ratios of leaves together with the greater growth of understory bamboo vegetation, with no changes in leaf C:N or growth rates of overstory birch trees. Together, our results demonstrate that advancing snowmelt by an extreme warm event in temperate forests is likely to affect N cycling and will benefit understory vegetation without a commensurate change in overstory vegetation, likely due to the increase in available soil N. </span>This is the dataset of plant growth, soil N properties, and plamnt leaf traits obtained by the field snowmelt manipulation experiment.</p>
Seed and seedling predation by vertebrates mediates the effects of adult trees in two temperate tree species
<p>This dataset presents the proportion of <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> and <em>Picea abies </em>seeds per plot that transitioned into seedlings within the period of 15 biweekly censuses ("Establishment.csv") and the proportion of surviving <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> and <em>Picea abies </em>seedlings per plot at each seedling census interval ("Survival.csv"). Our experimental design comprised six forest sites, 24 blocks and 192 seedling plots. Because three of the sites were represented by <em>Picea abies</em> monocultures and another three by <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> monocultures, we designed a two-level conspecific vs. heterospecific treatment to test for the effects of conspecific and heterospecific adults. Within each block, we randomly assigned half of the seedling plots to <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> and another half to <em>Picea abies</em>. Plots were then sown with the seeds of a particular species. Conspecific treatment was represented by seeds and seedlings of a species situated in the plots of conspecific monocultures, while heterospecific treatment was characterised by seeds and seedlings of a species situated in the plots of heterospecific monocultures.</p> <p>Given the four seedling plots of each block belonging to either <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> or <em>Picea abies</em>, we randomly assigned one of the four levels of an enemy exclusion treatment to each plot in order to manipulate seed and seedling predation by one or another enemy type. Four levels of this treatment were designed, excluding fungal pathogens by the use of fungicide, herbivorous insects by insecticide and herbivorous vertebrates by cages. The fourth level was used as a control with no enemy exclusion applied.</p> <p>To account for the effects of environmental conditions on seedling establishment and survival, establishment and survival models also included light and soil resource availability parameters.</p> <p>Data contains (1) the proportion of established seedlings (sumEst), adult tree species (Stand), seedling species (Species), enemy exclusion treatment (Treat), block ID , stand ID, plot ID and light and soil resource availability parameters for the analyses of seedling establishment ("Establishment.csv"), and (2) the proportion of established seedlings (sumEst), the proportion of surviving seedlings (Surviving), adult tree species (Stand), seedling species (Species), enemy exclusion treatment (Treat), block ID , stand ID, plot ID, census interval (Week) and light and soil resource availability parameters for the analyses of seedling establishment for the analyses of seedling survival ("Survival.csv").</p>
Tree and mycorrhizal fungal diversity drive intraspecific and intraindividual trait variation in temperate forests: evidence from a tree diversity experiment
<p>Scripts and dataset for Castro Sánchez-Bermejo et al., 2024 "Tree and mycorrhizal fungal diversity drive intraspecific and intraindividual trait variation in temperate forests: evidence from a tree diversity experiment"</p>
Data from: Roles of pathogens on replacement of tree seedlings in heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest: a reciprocal seed sowing experiment
In forest communities, the Janzen–Connell (J-C) hypothesis proposes that species diversity is maintained by non-competitive distance- and/or density-dependent seedling mortality caused by host-specific natural enemies. However, the effects of pathogen associations from nearby conspecifics versus heterospecifics remain unknown in spatially heterogeneous light environments. Seeds of hardwood species Cornus controversa (Cornus) and Prunus grayana (Prunus) were sown beneath 6–7 Cornus and Prunus adults in both the forest understory (FU) and in gaps (Gap) created by felling all woody vegetation near the focal adults. Seedling growth, mortality, killing agents (e.g. pathogens that cause damping-off and leaf diseases), and root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were investigated. We found strong habitat effects on the expression of soil fungi beneath both tree species. Seedling mortality caused by soil-borne damping-off pathogens was greater in FU than in Gap, and AMF infection, which enhanced relative seedling growth rate, was greater in Gap than in FU. Seedling mortality caused by damping-off pathogens did not differ between Cornus and Prunus seedlings beneath the adults of conspecific or heterospecific adults in both FU and Gap, suggesting little distance-dependence or host preference in the fungus. Beneath the adults of Cornus and Prunus, the most prevalent leaf diseases were zonate leaf blight and angular leaf spot caused by the airborne pathogenic fungi Haradamyces foliicola and Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae, respectively. Although these pathogens attacked the seedlings of both species, conspecific seedlings (i.e. home) showed more severe leaf damage, earlier leaf shedding and/or less defensive behaviour (cell wall defence) relative to heterospecific seedlings (i.e. away), suggesting negative distance-dependent attack (i.e. host preference) for these leaf diseases. As a result, greater seedling mortality was observed for conspecific seedlings under both FU and Gap treatments. Synthesis. In the temperate forest, the J-C hypothesis is largely mediated through the strong negative influence of airborne leaf diseases rather than through soil-borne damping-off pathogens. We found that airborne diseases demonstrated distance-dependent host preferences, which led to greater conspecific seedling damage regardless of environmental light conditions.
Data from: The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species
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Data from: Divergence in strategies for coping with winter embolism among co-occurring temperate tree species: the role of positive xylem pressure, wood type and tree stature
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Roles of pathogens on replacement of tree seedlings in heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest: a reciprocal seed sowing experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Fine root morphology is phylogenetically structured but nitrogen is related to the plant economics spectrum in temperate trees
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Data from: Roles of pathogens on replacement of tree seedlings in heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest: a reciprocal seed sowing experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Xylem hydraulics and non-structural carbohydrate contents in 15 temperate tree species
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Post-disturbance conifer tree-ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests
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Data from: Early snowmelt by an extreme warm event affects understory more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests
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Data files of Carteron et al. "Soil abiotic and biotic properties constrain the establishment of a dominant temperate tree into boreal forests" in Journal of Ecology
<p>There are five data files use for the analysis present in the article of Carteron et al "Soil abiotic and biotic properties constrain the establishment of a dominant temperate tree into boreal forests" in Journal of ecology. These files are used in R script available in GituHub.</p> <p>GPS_megantic.csv: contains locations of the study plots</p> <p>colo_as.csv: Contains a summary of the root colonization by fungi</p> <p>colo.csv : Contains all the data of the root colonization by fungi</p> <p>colo.rdata: Contains all the data of the root colonization by fungi in Rdata format</p> <p>soil_thick.csv : Contains soil horizon thickness measured on the field</p> <p>traits_as.csv: Contains the traits measured on the sugar maple seedlings</p>
Individual encounters with neighbors are disproportionate between tree species and through life stages in a temperate mixed forest
<p>Here is data for the paper "Individual encounters with neighbors are disproportionate between tree species and through life stages in a temperate mixed forest" by Chinatsu Homma et al.</p> <p>Metadata for each ordered data is provided in “Readme.pdf”;</p> <ul> <li>01Seedlings.csv</li> <li>02Saplings2x2.csv</li> <li>02SaplingsFloodPlain.csv</li> <li>03Poles.csv</li> <li>04Adults.csv</li> <li>spCode.csv: Correspondence table between species name and species code.</li> <li>universal_color.csv: Colour code for drawing figures.</li> </ul>
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