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126 results for “tropical birds”
Heat tolerances of temperate and tropical birds and their implications for susceptibility to climate warming
<ol> <li>Characterizing heat tolerance is critical for predicting an organism's vulnerability to climate warming. Recent studies of ectotherms report that impacts of climate warming are expected to be greater in the tropics, where ectotherms tend to have lower heat tolerances and experience air temperatures closer to their heat tolerance limits than their temperate counterparts. However, similar comparisons of heat tolerance are largely lacking for endotherms, and it remains an open question whether climate warming will also disproportionately affect tropical endotherms.</li> <li>To address this empirical gap, we measured thermoregulatory responses to acute heat stress in 81 bird species (23 temperate, 58 tropical), assembling the largest comparative dataset of endothermic heat tolerances to date.</li> <li>After controlling for body mass and experimental chamber humidity, temperate species had significantly higher heat tolerance limits (ΔHTL = 2.2 °C; 45.2 vs. 40 °C) and upper critical temperatures (ΔUCT = 1.1 °C; 38.7 vs. 37.6 °C) on average than tropical species. Importantly, however, these differences do not appear to impact vulnerability to climate warming, as neither thermal safety margins (i.e. the difference between UCT and maximum air temperature, T<sub>max</sub>) nor warming tolerances ( the difference between HTL and T<sub>max</sub>) differed between temperate and tropical species. We also observed substantial variation in heat tolerance among avian orders, with pigeons and doves (Columbiformes) being among the most heat tolerant species in our dataset.</li> <li>Overall, our results suggest that, from a physiological standpoint, tropical birds may not be systematically more susceptible to climate warming than temperate birds, contrasting previous studies of ectotherms. Furthermore, we show that certain avian clades may be more resilient to warming irrespective of local climate. However, because we only sampled at one temperate and one tropical site, we caution that replication from other habitats and localities are needed to evaluate the generality of our findings.</li> </ol>
Data from: Competitive interactions upon secondary contact drive elevational divergence in tropical birds
Tropical mountains harbor exceptionally high biodiversity, which is in part due to the marked elevational stratification of tropical biotas. However, the factors that influence the evolution of elevational distributions remain uncertain. I used a database of sister species of tropical montane birds from 41 families and three regions—the Neotropics, the Himalayas, and New Guinea—to test whether patterns of elevational divergence were consistent with (1) a stochastic process, (2) ecological sorting of elevational divergence that occurred in allopatry, or (3) elevational divergence driven by competitive interactions upon secondary contact. The stochastic and ecological sorting hypotheses predict that increased elevational divergence in sympatric sister species is explained by their greater evolutionary age, whereas the competitive interactions hypothesis predicts that elevational divergence is explained by geographical overlap. I found that genetic distances were unrelated to elevational divergence and that allopatric sister species occupied similar elevational distributions regardless of genetic distance in each region. Instead, sympatry was the only significant predictor of elevational divergence; regardless of evolutionary age, sympatric sister species had greater elevational divergence than allopatric sister species in each region, as predicted by the competitive interactions hypothesis. Importantly, this pattern occurred in all three geographic regions, which suggests that competition-driven elevational divergence upon secondary contact is a general process of community assembly in tropical montane avifaunas.
Data from: Spatio-temporal scaling of biodiversity in acoustic tropical bird communities
Automated analysis of acoustic communities is a rapidly emerging approach for the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity. To evaluate its utility, we should verify that such "bioacoustics" can accurately detect ecological signal in spatiotemporal acoustic data. Targeting the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project sites in Brazil, we ask: What is the relative contribution of the spatial, temporal and habitat dimension to variation in bird acoustic communities in a previously fragmented tropical rainforest? Does the functional diversity of bird communities scale similarly to space and time as does species diversity, when both are recorded by bioacoustics means? Overall, is the imprint of landscape fragmentation 30 years ago still audible in the present‐day soundscape? We sampled forty‐four sites in secondary forest and 107 sites in old‐growth forest, resulting in 11,000 hours of audio recordings. We detected 60 bird species with satisfactory precision and recovered a linear log‐log relation between sampling time and species diversity. Sites in primary forest host more species than sites in secondary forest, but the difference decreased with sampling time, as the slope was slightly higher in secondary than primary forests. Functional diversity, as exposed by vocalizing birds, accumulates faster than does species diversity. The similarity among local communities decreases with distance in both time and space, but stability in time is remarkably high: two acoustic samples from the same site one year (or more) apart prove more similar than two samples taken at the same time but from sites situated just a few hundred meters apart. These findings suggest that habitat modification can be heard as a long‐lasting imprint on the soundscape of regenerating habitats and identify Soundscape–Area and Soundscape–Time Relations as a promising tool for biodiversity research, applied biomonitoring and restoration ecology.
Data from: Behavior influences range limits and patterns of coexistence across an elevational gradient in tropical birds
Does competition influence patterns of coexistence between closely related taxa? Here we address this question by analyzing patterns of range overlap between related species of birds ("sister pairs") co-occurring on a tropical elevational gradient. We explicitly contrast the behavioral dimension of interspecific competition (interference competition) with similarity in resource acquisition traits (exploitative competition). Specifically, we ask whether elevational range overlap in 118 sister pairs that live along the Manu Transect in southeastern Peru is predicted by proxies for competition (intraspecific territorial behavior) or niche divergence (beak divergence and divergence times, an estimate of evolutionary age). We find that close relatives that defend year-round territories tend to live in non-overlapping elevational distributions, while close relatives that do not defend territories tend to broadly overlap in elevational distribution. In contrast, neither beak divergence nor evolutionary age was associated with patterns of range limitation. We interpret these findings as evidence that behavioral interactions⎯particularly direct territorial aggression⎯can be important in setting elevational range limits and preventing coexistence of closely related species, though this depends upon the extent to which intraspecific territorial behavior can be extended to territorial interactions between species. Our results suggest that interference competition can be an important driver of species range limits in diverse assemblages, and thus highlight the importance of considering behavioral dimensions of the niche in macroecological studies.
Figure 3 from: Monteiro M, Figueira R, Melo M, Mills MSL, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Reino L (2017) The collection of birds from Mozambique at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). ZooKeys 708: 139-152. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13351
Figure 3 - Temporal profile of the sampling leading to bird skin collection held at the zoological collections of IICT-ULisboa (Lisbon). Blue dots represent sampling years for each Order.
Figure 2 from: Monteiro M, Figueira R, Melo M, Mills MSL, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Reino L (2017) The collection of birds from Mozambique at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). ZooKeys 708: 139-152. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13351
Figure 2 - Distribution map of the locations of specimens' occurrence throughout the territory of Mozambique held in the zoological collections of IICT-ULisboa (Lisbon).
Figure 1 from: Monteiro M, Figueira R, Melo M, Mills MSL, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Reino L (2017) The collection of birds from Mozambique at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). ZooKeys 708: 139-152. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13351
Figure 1 - Total number of bird specimens from Mozambique, per family, held in the zoological collections of IICT-ULisboa (Lisbon). The legend lists the corresponding Orders, with assigned colours. Only the categories of families having 15 or more specimens are labelled.
Figure 2 in Diet of tropical insectivorous birds in lowland Malaysian rainforest
Figure 2. The overall distribution of prey individuals determined in dietary samples of birds.
Figure 2 from: Figueira R, Monteiro M, Reino L, Beja P, Mills M, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Queirós Neves I, Consciência S (2014) The collection and database of Birds of Angola hosted at IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), Lisboa, Portugal. ZooKeys 387: 89-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.387.6412
Figure 2 - Number of specimens per family. The families pictured represent 80% of the number of specimens in the collection.
Figure 3 from: Figueira R, Monteiro M, Reino L, Beja P, Mills M, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Queirós Neves I, Consciência S (2014) The collection and database of Birds of Angola hosted at IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), Lisboa, Portugal. ZooKeys 387: 89-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.387.6412
Figure 3 - Distribution of occurrence records with indication of number of records indicated on a half a minute grid system.
Figure 1 from: Figueira R, Monteiro M, Reino L, Beja P, Mills M, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Queirós Neves I, Consciência S (2014) The collection and database of Birds of Angola hosted at IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), Lisboa, Portugal. ZooKeys 387: 89-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.387.6412
Figure 1 - Number and percentage of specimens per orders. Only the categories of orders having 20 or more specimens are labeled.
Figure 4 from: Figueira R, Monteiro M, Reino L, Beja P, Mills M, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Queirós Neves I, Consciência S (2014) The collection and database of Birds of Angola hosted at IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), Lisboa, Portugal. ZooKeys 387: 89-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.387.6412
Figure 4 - Temporal profile of the specimens in the collection. The time range for each order is represented by the horizontal bars.
Figure 3 from: Monteiro M, Reino L, Melo M, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Figueira R (2016) The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). ZooKeys 600: 155-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7899
Figure 3 - The sampling temporal profile of the collection´s specimens, showing the number of specimens per collection date. Blue dots represent sampling years for each Order.
Figure 2 from: Monteiro M, Reino L, Melo M, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Figueira R (2016) The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). ZooKeys 600: 155-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7899
Figure 2 - Distribution map of specimens occurrence throughout the territory of São Tomé and Príncipe. To facilitate graphic representation, distances between the two islands are not to scale (indicated by the dashed line).
Figure 1 from: Monteiro M, Reino L, Melo M, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Figueira R (2016) The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). ZooKeys 600: 155-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7899
Figure 1 - Total number of specimens per family. The legend lists the corresponding Orders, with assigned colors.
Data from: Why do migratory birds sing on their tropical wintering grounds?
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Data from: Competitive interactions upon secondary contact drive elevational divergence in tropical birds
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Heat tolerances of temperate and tropical birds and their implications for susceptibility to climate warming
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Impacts of selective logging on the oxidative status of tropical understory birds
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Data from: Spatio-temporal scaling of biodiversity in acoustic tropical bird communities
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.