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Fig. 5 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 5. Patellogastropods from Brouch (Mersch, Grand−Duchy of Luxembourg), Late Hettangian (Schlotheimia angulata Zone, Schlotheimia complanata Subzone), Early Jurassic. A–C. Scurriopsis (Scurriopsis) schmidti (Dunker, 1844). A. MNHNL BR180, apical (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. MNHNL BR109, apical (B1) and lateral (B2) views. C. MNHNL BR360, lateral (C1) and apical (C2) views. D–I. Scurriopsis (Hennocquia) hettangiensis (Terquem, 1855). D. MNHNL BR503, apical (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. MNHNL BR260, apical (E1) and lateral (E2) views. F. MNHNL BR673, lateral (F1) and apical (F2) views. G. MNHNL BR363, apical (G1) and lateral (G2) views. H. MNHNL BR650, lateral (H1) and apical (H2) views. I. MNHNL BR497, lateral (I1) and apical (I2) views.

Fig. 17. Eucycloidean gastropos from Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, Early Jurassic. A in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 17. Eucycloidean gastropos from Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, Early Jurassic. A. Eucyclus sp., MNHNL GL205, apertural (A1), basal (A2) and dorsal (A3) views, Hettangian–Early Sinemurian, exact locality and stratigraphical level uncertain. B–E. Brouch (Mersch, Grand−Duchy of Luxembourg), Late Hettangian (Schlotheimia angulata Zone, Schlotheimia complanata Subzone). B, C. Spirocirrus weisi sp. nov., B. Holotype, MNHNL BR299, lateral view (B1) and detail of the ornament (B2). C. Paratype, MNHNL BR374, apertural (C1) and subdorsal (C2) views. D, E. Platyacra aff. sinistrorsa (Terquem, 1855). D. MNHNL BR373, dorsal view (D1) and detail of the ornament of the base (D2). E. MNHNL BR876, dorsal (E1), subapertural (E2), and basal (E3) views, and detail of the apical spire (E4).

Fig. 14 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 14. Ptychomphalid gastropod Ptychomphalus wehenkeli (Terquem and Piette, 1865) from Brouch (Mersch, Grand−Duchy of Luxembourg), Late Hettangian (Schlotheimia angulata Zone, Schlotheimia complanata Subzone), Early Jurassic. A. MNHNL BR368, apertural (A1), apical (A2), dorsal (A3), lateral (A4), and basal (A5) views. B. MNHNL BR305−2, dorsal (B1) and apical (B2) views. C. MNHNL BR717, lateral (C1) and apical (C2) views. D. MNHNL BR545, apical (D1) and dorsal (D2) views, and detail of the selenizone area (D3). E. MNHNL BR259, dorsal (E1), apical (E2), lateral (E3) views, and detail of the slit and selenizone area (E4).

Fig. 4 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 4. Explanatory drawings of gastropod shells morphology. A. Limpetshaped shells, in lateral (A1) and apical (A2) views. B. Trochospiral shells. Abbreviations: H, height of the shell; HA, height of the peristome; HL, height of the last whorl; L, length of the peristome; Lp, distance of the apex from the posterior margin of the peristome; W, width of the base; WA, width of the peristome; α, mean spiral angle.

Fig. 3 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 3. Location of the outcrops yielding the material studied here. 1, Brouch (Mersch); 2, Steinfort; 3, Kopstal (Biremdall); 4, Bridel (Birgerkeiz); 5, Mamer (Kaatzefiels); 6, Hespérange; 7, Burmerange. Grey lines, motorways and link motorways; double lines, national roads; single lines, byroads; dashed lines, state boundary.

Fig. 2 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 2. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of western Europe during the earliest Jurassic times. Exposed lands are in grey. The position of Luxembourg area is indicated by an asterisk (*). Map redrawn and simplified from Bradshaw et al. (1992), De Graciansky et al. (1998), and Dercourt et al. (2000).

Fig. 16 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 16. Trochotomid and turbinid gastropods from Brouch (Mersch, Grand−Duchy of Luxembourg), Late Hettangian (Schlotheimia angulata Zone, Schlotheimia complanata Subzone), Early Jurassic. A. Trochotoma clypeus Terquem, 1855, MNHNL BR305−1, lateral (A1), apical (A2), and dorsal (A3) views. The arrow indicates the position of the selenizone. B, C. Meiersia disarmata sp. nov. B. Holotype, MNHNL BR358, apertural (B1), dorsal (B2), basal (B3), and apical views. C. Paratype, MNHNL BR873, apical (C1), basal (C2), and dorsal (C3) views.

Fig. 1 in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 1. Jurassic geology of Luxembourg. A. Schematic geological map of the Mesozoic units. 1, Palaeozoic basement; 2, Triassic sediments; 3, Luxembourg Sandstone Formation including the Elvingen marl at its base (Hettangian to lowermost Sinemurian); 4, Strassen marl and limestone (Lower Sinemurian to Upper Sinemurian); 5, Ockerkalk Formation (Upper Sinemurian to Pliensbachian); 6, bituminous shale (uppermost Pliensbachian to Toarcian); 7, Minette Irostone Formation (Toarcian–Aalenian); 8, limestone and marl (Lower Bajocian); 9, major fault lines. B. Stratigraphical sketch of the Jurassic succession. 1, dolostone; 2, clay and marl; 3, sandstone; 4, oolitic ironstone; 5, limestone. Map and stratigraphical column redrawn from Service Géologique de Luxembourg (1998). Other data from Boulvain et al. (2000, 2001) and Van den Bril and Swennen (2008).

Fig. 8 in Early Norian (Triassic) corals from the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, and the intra-Norian faunal turnover

Fig. 8. Astraeomorphid coral and some undetermined coral taxa, and the hydrozoan Cassianastraea reussi (Laube, 1865). Vicinity of Feisterscharte, Austria, early Norian, Triassic. A. Parastraeomorpha sp.; GBA 2009/019/3c. A colony fragment in transverse section (A1), and the same in oblique section (A2) showing synapticulae (arrows). B. A solitary coral of the smallest fossil scleractinian corals described so far; GBA 1995/2/1/2h. Note the external corallite surface micromorphology. C. Forking thick−septal coral; GBA 2007/152/3b–d. Transverse section of the distal corallite part (C1); a new centre indicated by an arrow; proximal corallite part with papillar columella (C2), and its details magnified (C4); longitudinal section (C3) showing tabuloid dissepiments. D. Cassianastraea reussi (Laube, 1865); GBA 1995/2/1/2f. Transverse section of a branch (D1), with a calice (upper arrow) and canals (lower arrow); a fragment of the same section (D2) to show a calice with five septa (marked with arrows).

Fig. 4 in Early Norian (Triassic) corals from the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, and the intra-Norian faunal turnover

Fig. 4. Reimaniphylliid corals from vicinity of Feisterscharte, Austria, early Norian, Triassic. A. Retiophyllia sp.; GBA 2009/019/4g. Septal apparatus with + thick S1 septa, transverse section. B. Retiophyllia aranea sp. nov.; GBA 2009/019/14. corallites circular in section (B1) with a large axial space (B2); longitudinal/oblique section (B3) showing sub−horizontal, large dissepiments in the axial space, and longitudinal section of distal part of the corallite (B4) showing convex dissepiments at the periphery. C. Retiophyllia aff. fenestrata (Reuss, 1854); GBA 2009/019/11a, b. Corallites in transverse (C1) and longitudinal (C2) sections showing small number of septa and large dissepiments. D. Retiophyllia aff. tolminensis Turnšek, 1987; GBA 2007/152/3f. Corallite in transverse section showing zigzag septa. E. Retiophyllia vesicularis sp. nov.; GBA 2009/019/12g, c. Corallites in longitudinal (E1) and transverse (E2) sections; note large and convex dissepiments and irregular shape of septa. F–G. Craspedophyllia? sp. F. GBA 2009/019/16b; transverse sections with corallites showing rare, obliquely directed menianes. G. Zigzag traces of septal microstructure; GBA 2009/019/17a (G1), GBA 2009/019/17b (G2).

Fig. 5 in Early Norian (Triassic) corals from the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, and the intra-Norian faunal turnover

Fig. 5. Margarosmiliid corals from vicinity of Feisterscharte, Austria, early Norian, Triassic. A–C. Ceriostella aff. variabilis Roniewicz and Stanley, 1998. A. GBA 2009/019/20; a colony in polished section. B. GBA 2009/019/22; transverse thin sections (B1, B2), note cerioid colony and a lack of columella; longitudinal section (B3) showing mode of growth of corallites at the periphery of lamellar colony. C. GBA 2009/019/23a; calice in longitudinal/oblique section showing rare granules on the septal side and internal border micromorphology (at the middle). D. Magarosmilia nova Turnšek, 1991; GBA 2009/019/4 i; transverse section. E. Margarophyllia cf. capitata (Münster, 1841); GBA 2009/019/2c; transverse section. F. Thamnomargarosmilia aff. prima Melnikova, 1996; GBA 1995/2/1/2f, c; transverse sections showing budding with lamellar linkages between centres (F1), and a typical circular shape of adult corallite (F2) with a new one growing laterally. G, H. Margarosmilia adhios sp. nov. G. GBA 2009/019/18a; a fragment of transverse section (G1) of a corallite with traces of microstructure; longitudinal section (G2) of corallite showing small dissepiments. H. GBA 2009/019/19a, c; transverse section of phaceloid corallum (H1); a section of the corallite at a preliminary stage of sub−symmetric division (H2).

Fig. 1 in Early Norian (Triassic) corals from the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, and the intra-Norian faunal turnover

Fig. 1. Southern slopes of the Dachsteinplateau: location of the Feisterscharte pass (N 47°27'10", E 13°41'08") in vicinity of which early Norian corals were sampled. Small circles indicate places of singular finds, and a large circle indicates the area, which yielded the majority of samples.

Fig. 2 in Early Norian (Triassic) corals from the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, and the intra-Norian faunal turnover

Fig. 2. Hexanthiniarian corals from vicinity of Feisterscharte, Austria, early Norian, Triassic. A. Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975; GBA 2007/152/1. A fragment of phaceloid corallum in upper view (A1); transverse section (A2); a corallite with septa thickened by a cover of fine crystals (A3); a tube−like, distal part of the calice with a thick pachythecal wall (A4); a magnified fragment showing modular structure of the pachythecal wall with internal wall surface longitudinally sculptured with minute ridges at left (A5); a corallite in longitudinal section showing a thick wall and thin, rare tabulae (A6). B. Pachysolenia cf. cylindrica Cuif, 1975; GBA 2007/152/3. Transverse section of the corallite with abundant septa. C, D. Pachydendron microthallos Cuif, 1975. C. GBA 2007/152/2. Corallum in transverse section (C1); corallite with rare tabulae in longitudinal section (C2); and a corallite (C3) with traces of microstructure in the wall with lumen filled by coarse calcite crystals. D. GBA 2009/019/3. Corallite with recrystallised wall, transverse section. E. Indetermined solitary hexanthiniarian coral?; GBA 2009/019/12. Thick−walled pachythecal−like coral in transverse section (E1), and its fragment (E2) showing septa with sharp ornamentation.

FIGURE 21 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 21. Detail of the right astragalus of Wiehenvenator albati: Base of the ascending process and fibular facet in anteroproximal view, showing large foramen anterior to the ascending process. Abbreviations as in Figure 20, and: f, foramen.

FIGURE 17 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 17. Dorsal ribs and gastralia of Wiehenvenator albati. 1, thoracic rib. 2, abdominal rib. 3-5, fused posterior medial gastralia in dorsal (3), ventral (4; stereophotographs), and anterior (5) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 8. Stereophotographs of the promaxillary foramen in the right maxilla of Wiehenvenator albati in posterodorsal view. Abbreviations as in Figure 6. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

FIGURE 14 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 14. Anterior mid-caudal vertebra of Wiehenvenator albati in lateral (1; stereophotographs), dorsal (2), anterior (3), and ventral (4) views. Abbreviations: nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcd, pleurocentral depression; poz, postzygapophysis, prz, prezygapophysis; r, ridge; tp, transverse process. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 11 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 11. Anterior (jugal) process of the right quadratojugal(?) of Wiehenvenator albati in lateral (1), medial (2), dorsal (3), and ventral (4) views. Abbreviations: djp, facet for the dorsal posterior prong of the jugal; vjp, facet for the ventral posterior prong of the jugal. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 30 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 30. Possible biases that influence interpretations of the Jurassic theropod fossil record. Geographic distribution of Middle (1) and Late Jurassic (2) localities with identifiable theropod remains, and environments represented by Middle (3) and Late Jurassic (4) theropod localities.

FIGURE 25 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 25. Time-calibrated cladogram of early tetanuran relationships, showing the earliest records of the distinct clades, and the rapid evolution of tetanurans in the early Middle Jurassic.