Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Figure 2. OMNH 67133, a in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota

Figure 2. OMNH 67133, a partial shell, holotype, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov., Berriasian–Barremian Lakota Formation, Fall River County, South Dakota, USA. Photographs and illustrations in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Dashed lines connote sutures observed in 3-D-rendered CT scans (see Fig. 4). Abbreviations are as follows: Ab: abdominal scute; An: anal scute; co: costal; Fe: femoral scute; Hu: humeral scute; hyo: hyoplastron; hyp: hypoplastron; Ma: marginal scutes; mes: mesoplastron; ne: neural; Pe: pectoral scutes; per: peripheral; Pl: pleural scutes; sp: suprapygal; Ve: vertebral scute; xi: xiphiplastron.

Fig. 4 in Sexual dimorphism and morphometrics in two populations of the Neotropical freshwater turtle Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines, Chelidae)

Fig. 4. Multidimensional distribution of females (F) and males (M) of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973), using the seven variables selected by the best model. In this ranking we present information about 64 sexed individuals captured in ParQue Nacional da Chapada dos GuimarÃes (PNCG) and in EstaÇÃo Ecológica Serra das Araras (EESA), Brazil.

Fig. 3 in Sexual dimorphism and morphometrics in two populations of the Neotropical freshwater turtle Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines, Chelidae)

Fig. 3. Multidimensional distribution of females (F) and males (M) of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973), using eight morphometric variables commonly measured in chelonians in EstaÇÃo Ecológica Serra das Araras (EESA), Brazil.

Fig. 1 in Sexual dimorphism and morphometrics in two populations of the Neotropical freshwater turtle Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines, Chelidae)

Fig. 1. Measured morphometric variables of the individuals of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973). Head: Head width (HW); Head length (HL); Interorbital width (IOW); Tympanum-snout length (TSL); Tympanum length (TYL); Tympanum width (TW). Carapace: Nuchal scute length (NL); Carapace length (CL); Maximum carapace width (MCW); Central carapace width (CCW); Length of third central scute (LC3); Width of third central scute (WC3). Shell: Maximum carapace height (MHS). Plastron: Maximum plastron length (MPL); Mid-ventral suture length plastron (MVSL); Maximum plastron width (MPW); Anterior lobe width (ALW); Posterior lobe width (PLW); Width of left and right gular scutes (WGS); Length of left gular scute (LGS); Left gular scute length (GSL); Intergular scute width (IG); Left pectoral scute width (PSW); Left pectoral scute length (PEL); Left abdominal scute length (ASL); Left abdominal scute width (ASW); Maximum bridge length (MBL); Minimum bridge length (MBL2); Left anal scute width (ANSW); Left anal scute length (ANSL); Internal diagonal of anal scute (IDS); Carapace anal plastron terminal distance (CPD). Tail: Precloacal length (PCL); Tail length (TL).

Fig. 2 in Sexual dimorphism and morphometrics in two populations of the Neotropical freshwater turtle Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines, Chelidae)

Fig. 2. Multidimensional distribution of females (F) and males (M) of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973), using eight morphometric variables commonly measured in chelonians in ParQue Nacional da Chapada dos GuimarÃes (PNCG), Brazil.

Fig. 8 in SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA (LINNAEUS 1758)

Fig. 8. Growth rates for loggerheads during the first year of activity. Figure from Frazer (1982). (%¼) Meanfrom Kaufmann (1967); (V) Mean from Caldwell et al. (1955); (•) Grand mean from Stickney et al. (1973);) (O) Mean from Rebel (1974); (%) Mean from Witham and Futch (1977).

Fig. 5 in SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA (LINNAEUS 1758)

Fig. 5. Worldwide nesting locations of the loggerhead. Stars represent major nesting locations arid circles indicate minor nesting areas.

Fig. 7 in SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA (LINNAEUS 1758)

Fig. 7. Histogram showing size frequency distribution of loggerheads stranded along European coasts of the Atlantic Ocean (Brongersma 1972).

Fig. 6 in SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA (LINNAEUS 1758)

Fig. 6. Nesting locations of the loggerhead in the west-central Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Heavy stippling represents major areas of nesting; light stippling represents areas of lesser but still important nesting concentrations; arrows represent areas with sporadic but consistent nesting, or areas where loggerheads have nested only rarely.

Fig. 9 in SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA (LINNAEUS 1758)

Fig. 9. Growth rates for loggerheads beyond the first year in captivity. Figure from Frazer (1982). (%) Calculated from Uchida(1967); (O) Data for Parker's (1929) fastestgrowing turtle; (•) Mean for three other turtles of Parker's (1929); (V) Mean from Hildebrand and Hatsel (1927); (%¡) Mean from Hughes et al. (1967); (%¼) Grand mean from Schwartz (1981).

Fig. 3. A-C in SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA (LINNAEUS 1758)

Fig. 3. A-C Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull of adult male loggerhead (100 cm CL) from Sanibel Island, FL (Pritchard and Trebbau 1984).

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

dryad40/100

Green turtle ddRAD raw sequencing data

The occasional westward transport of warm water of the Agulhas Current, 'Agulhas leakage', around southern Africa has been suggested to facilitate tropical marine connectivity between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, but the 'Agulhas leakage' hypothesis doesn't explain the signatures of eastward gene flow observed in many tropical marine fauna. We investigated an alternative hypothesis: the establishment of a warm-water corridor during comparatively warm interglacial periods. The 'warm-water corridor' hypothesis was investigated by studying the population genomic structure of Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean green turtles (N = 27) using 12,035 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained via ddRAD sequencing. Model-based and multivariate clustering suggested a hierarchical population structure with two main Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean clusters, and a Caribbean and East Atlantic sub-cluster nested within the Atlantic cluster. Coalescent-based model selection supported a model where Southwest Indian Ocean and Caribbean populations diverged from the East Atlantic population during the transition from the last interglacial period (130 – 115 thousand years ago; kya) to the last glacial period (115 – 90 kya). The onset of the last glaciation appeared to isolate Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean green turtles into three refugia, which subsequently came into secondary contact in the Caribbean and Southwest Indian Ocean when global temperatures increased after the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings support the establishment of a warm-water corridor facilitating tropical marine connectivity between the Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean during warm interglacials.

FIG. 2 in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

FIG. 2. — Carapace remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1300 (nuchal and peripherals 1-3); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral; E-L, Pal. 1301 (nuchal); E, F, dorsal; G, H, visceral; I, J, left lateral; K, L, anterior; M, N, Pal. 1302 (neural 4); M, dorsal; N, visceral; O-Q, Pal. 1303 (neural 5); O-P, dorsal; Q, visceral; R, S, Pal. 1304 (neural 7); R, dorsal; S, visceral. T, U, Pal. 1305 (suprapygals 1-2); T, dorsal; U, visceral; V, W, Pal. 1307 (costal 1); V, dor-

FIG. 4 in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

FIG. 4. — Shell and postcranial remains of Testudinidae indet. from MWQ4/2018: A-D, Pal. 1363 (shell fragment); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral; E-H, Pal. 1364 (scapula); E, lateral; F, medial; G, anterior; H, dorsal; I-M, Pal. 1365 (fibula); I, dorsal; J, ventral; K, posterior; L, anterior; M, lateral views. Dotted lines indicate plate sutures and oblique lines denote missing plate portions. Abbreviations: fi, fibula; sc, scapula; sf, shell fragment. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 6 in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

FIG. 6. — Plastral remains of Testudo (Testudo) cf.kalksburgensis: A-D', from Mokrá-Quarry localities;A-F, Pal.1351A (left epiplastron);A, C, visceral;B, D, ventral;E, F, left lateral; G-I, Pal. 1354 (entoplatron); G, visceral; H, I, ventral; J-L, Pal. 1353 (entoplatron); J, visceral; K, L, ventral; M, N, Pal. 1352 (entoplatron); M, visceral; N, ventral; O-R, Pal. 1351B (hyoplastron);O, P, visceral;Q, R, ventral;S-V, Pal. 1355 (hyoplastron);S, T, visceral;U, V, ventral;W-Z, Pal.1356 (hypoplastron);W, X, visceral;Y, Z, ven- tral;A'-D', Pal. 1360 (xiphiplastron); A', B', visceral; C', D', ventral; E'-H', Pal. 1361 (xiphiplastron);E', F', visceral;G', H', ventral views; I', reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ab, abdominal; An, anal; ent, ento- plastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Fe, femoral; Gu, gular; Hu, humeral; Pe, pectoral; xi, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: A-H', 1 cm; I', 2.5 cm.

FIG. 1 in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

FIG. 1. — Approximate geographical position of Mokrá-Quarry (A). Schematic geological map of the Czech Republic (B). Position of the five Mokrá-Quarry localities that have yielded fossil turtle remains (B, C).

FIG. 3 in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

FIG. 3. — Plastral remains of Ptychogaster (Ptychogaster) sp. from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-F, Pal. 1315 (hypoplastron); A, B, visceral; C, D, ventral; E, F, left lateral; G-L, Pal. 1316 (hypoplastron); G, H, visceral; I, J, ventral; K, L, right lateral; M-R, Pal. 1317 (hypoplastron); M, N, visceral; O, P, ventral; Q, R, right lateral; S-V, Pal. 1318 (xiphiplastron); S, T, visceral; U, V, ventral views; W, reconstruction of plastron. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, dashed lines denote completely ligamentous kinesis (between hypoplastra and peripherals and the hinge between hyoplastron and hypoplastron), and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ab, abdominal; An, anal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Fe, femoral; Gu, gular; Hu, humeral; Pe, pectoral; xi, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: 1 cm.

nal; E', F', internal, G'-J', Pal. 1341 (peripheral 8); G', H', external; I', J', internal; K'-N', Pal. 1343 (peripheral 9); K', L', external; M', N', internal; O'-R', Pal. 1345 (peripheral 10); O', P', external; Q', R', internal; S'-V', Pal. 1348 (peripheral 11); S', T', external; U', V', internal views; W', reconstruction of carapace Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Spr, supracaudal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: A-V', 1 cm; W', 2.5 cm. in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

nal; E', F', internal, G'-J', Pal. 1341 (peripheral 8); G', H', external; I', J', internal; K'-N', Pal. 1343 (peripheral 9); K', L', external; M', N', internal; O'-R', Pal. 1345 (peripheral 10); O', P', external; Q', R', internal; S'-V', Pal. 1348 (peripheral 11); S', T', external; U', V', internal views; W', reconstruction of carapace Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Spr, supracaudal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: A-V', 1 cm; W', 2.5 cm.

FIG. 5 in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

FIG. 5. — Carapace remains of Testudo (Testudo) cf. kalksburgensis from Mokrá-Quarry localities: A-D, Pal. 1320 (nuchal); A, B, dorsal; C, D, visceral; E, Pal. 1322 (neural 4) in dorsal; F, Pal. 1323 (neural 6) in dorsal; G, Pal. 1350 (neural 7) in dorsal; H-J, Pal. 1325 (pygal); H, external; I, J, internal; K, L, Pal. 1326 (costal 1) in dorsal; M, N, Pal. 1329 (costal 2) in dorsal; O, P, Pal. 1330 (costal 3) in dorsal; Q, R, Pal. 1331 (costal 6) in dorsal; S-V, Pal. 1333 (peripheral 1); S, T, external; U, V, internal; W-Z, Pal. 1334 (peripheral 2); W, X, external; Y, Z, internal; A', B', Pal. 1338 (peripheral 5) in external; C'-F', Pal. 1340 (peripheral 7); C', D', exter-

sal; W, visceral; X-Z, Pal. 1308 (costal 5); X, Y, dorsal; Z, visceral; A'-C', Pal. 1309 (costal 6); A', B', dorsal; C', visceral; D'-F', Pal. 1310 (costal 8); D', E', dorsal; F', visceral; G'-J', Pal. 1312 (peripheral 1); G', H', dorsal; I', J', visceral; K'-N', Pal. 1313 (peripheral 7); K', L', dorsal; M', N', visceral; O'-R', Pal. 1314 (peripheral 8); O', P', dorsal; Q', R', visceral views; S', reconstruction of carapace. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines sutures and oblique lines denote missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: 1 cm. in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic

sal; W, visceral; X-Z, Pal. 1308 (costal 5); X, Y, dorsal; Z, visceral; A'-C', Pal. 1309 (costal 6); A', B', dorsal; C', visceral; D'-F', Pal. 1310 (costal 8); D', E', dorsal; F', visceral; G'-J', Pal. 1312 (peripheral 1); G', H', dorsal; I', J', visceral; K'-N', Pal. 1313 (peripheral 7); K', L', dorsal; M', N', visceral; O'-R', Pal. 1314 (peripheral 8); O', P', dorsal; Q', R', visceral views; S', reconstruction of carapace. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines sutures and oblique lines denote missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: 1 cm.