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152 results for “variation and change”
Variation in intraspecific demography drives localised concordance but species-wide discordance in responses to Plio-Pleistocene climatic change
<p>Understanding how species biology may facilitate resilience to climate change remains a critical factor in detecting and protecting species at risk of extinction. Many studies have focused on the role of particular ecological traits in driving species responses, but less so on demographic history and levels of standing genetic variation. We used environmental and genomic datasets to reconstruct the phylogeographic histories of two ecologically similar and largely co-distributed freshwater fishes to assess the degree of concordance in their responses to Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes. Although several co-occurring populations demonstrated concordant demographic histories, idiosyncratic population size changes were found at the range edges of the more spatially restricted species. Discordant responses between species were associated with low standing genetic variation in peripheral populations. This might have hindered adaptive potential, as documented in recent population declines and extinctions of the two species. Our results highlight both the role of spatial scale in the degree of concordance in species responses to climate change, and the importance of standing genetic variation in facilitating range shifts. Even when ecological traits are similar between species, long-term genetic diversity and historical population demography may lead to discordant responses to ongoing and future climate change</p>
Data from: Heritable variation and lack of tradeoffs suggest adaptive capacity in Acropora cervicornis despite negative synergism under climate change scenarios
<p>Knowledge of multi-stressor interactions and the potential for trade-offs among tolerance traits is essential for developing intervention strategies for the conservation and restoration of reef ecosystems in a changing climate. Thermal extremes and acidification are two major co-occurring stresses predicted to limit the recovery of vital Caribbean reef-building corals. Here we conducted an aquaria-based experiment to quantify the effects of increased water temperatures and pCO2 individually and in concert on 12 genotypes of the endangered branching coral, Acropora cervicornis, currently being reared and outplanted for large-scale coral restoration. Quantification of 11 host, symbiont, and holobiont traits throughout the 2-month long experiment showed several synergistic negative effects, where the combined stress treatment often caused greater reduction in physiological function than the individual stressors alone. However, we found significant genetic variation for most traits and positive trait correlations among treatments indicating an apparent lack of tradeoffs, suggesting that adaptive evolution will not be constrained. Our results suggest that it may be possible to incorporate climate-resistant coral genotypes into restoration and selective breeding programs, potentially accelerating adaptation. </p>
Figure 3 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 3 Aggregation of isopod species differing in desiccation resistance at different temperatures. Mean ± 1 SE aggregation indices (variance:mean ratio) at 90% relative humidity. aP.scaber (F 4,249 = 3.76, p < 0.01) bA.vulgare (F 4,249 = 1.97, P < 0.01) cO.asellus (F 4, 249 = 12.22, P < 0.001) d thermal reaction norms for aggregation expressed as quadratic response curves for: P.scaber (dashed line): y = -11.519 + 1.526× - 0.04×2; A.vulgare (solid line): y = -3.534 + 0.574× 0.016×2; O.asellus (dotted line): y = -5.890 + 0.814× – 0.018×2.
Figure 4 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 4 Moisture reaction norms for a) sheltering and b) feeding behaviours with changing sand moisture content (time spent in behaviour as percentages of total observed behaviours). Lines represent linear regression models: A.vulgare (solid line) (sheltering: y = 95.24 – 1.05×; feeding: y = 0.32 + 0.03), P.scaber (dashed line) (sheltering: y = 96.72 – 0.19×; feeding: y= 0.22 + 0.05×), Ph.muscorum (dotted line) (sheltering: y = 93.14 – 2.16×; feeding: y = 0.36 + 0.55x). Further regression statistics and number of observations (N), are given in Table 1.
Figure 2 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 2 A schematic representation of a typical thermal response curve for enzymes (simplified from Huey and Kingsolver 1989). The temperature optimum is the temperature at which performance reaches its maximal level or peak performance. The performance breadth defines how steeply peaked (stenothermal) or broadly plateaued (eurythermal) the response curve is. Any part or the whole of such a curve can be considered to be a reaction norm of a genotype representing a range of phenotypes expressed across an environmental gradient, in this example, of temperature.
Figure 1 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 1 A conceptual diagram illustrating some of the pathways by which changes in global climate could potentially impact on rates of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Both changes in temperature and in the levels and patterns of rainfall have strong direct effects on the metabolism of bacteria and fungi but their ecology and metabolism are also regulated by the extent to which they are stimulated by soil animals. Both functional (e.g., behavioural and physiological) responses and numerical (both life history and population) responses of soil animals are affected by their microclimate. This is in turn affected by larger scale changes in temperature and rainfall. Therefore, as well as their direct effect on microbial metabolism, these climatic variables have a strong indirect effect by influencing the behavioural, physiological, life history, and population processes of soil animals such as isopods.
Figure 6 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 6 Thermal reaction norm gradients for evaporation rate (water loss) for isopods from biomes differing in availability of moisture. Evaporation rate (g g-1 h-1× 10-2) standardised to a temperature range of 3.5 °C (from Edney 1951; Warburg 1965, 1987, 1989). Key to species: Lo Ligiaoceanica, Ph Philosciamuscorum, Oa Oniscusasellus, Ps Porcellioscaber, Av Armadillidiumvulgare, Ao Armadilloofficinalis, Aa Armadilloalbomarginatus, Po Porcellioolivieri, An Armadilliumnasatum, Ba Buddelundiaalbinogrisescens, Bf Buddelundiafrontosa, Va Veneziilloarizonicus, Bsp Buddelundia spp. probably lateralis, Hr Hemilepistusreaumurii, Sf Schizidiumfestai. Key to habitats: littoral (blue), mesic (green), xeric (yellow), semi-arid (orange) habitats in South Australia.
Figure 5 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 5 Gradients of moisture reaction norms for respiration of isopods differing in their resistance to desiccation. Reaction norms over the range 50–100% relative humidity for respiratory rates measured as rates of oxygen uptake (mm3 mm-2 body surface h-1) (Edney 1968). Key to species: Lo Ligiaoceanica, Oa Oniscusasellus, Ps Porcellioscaber, Av Armadillidiumvulgare. Key to habitats: littoral (blue), mesic (green).
Data from: Lowland biotic attrition revisited: body size and variation among climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’
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Data from: Species’ range dynamics affect the evolution of spatial variation in plasticity under environmental change
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Data from: Potential for adaptation to climate change: family-level variation in fitness-related traits and their responses to heat waves in a snail population
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Data from: Evolution without standing genetic variation: change in transgenerational plastic response under persistent predation pressure
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Data from: Rate of evolutionary change in cranial morphology of the marsupial genus Monodelphis is constrained by the availability of additive genetic variation
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Data from: Seasonal variation in the biocontrol efficiency of bacterial wilt is driven by temperature-mediated changes in bacterial competitive interactions
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Data from: Quantifying thermal extremes and biological variation to predict evolutionary responses to changing climate
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Data from: Slower environmental change hinders adaptation from standing genetic variation
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Data from: Age-dependent trait variation: the relative contribution of within-individual change, selective appearance and disappearance in a long-lived seabird
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Data from: Evolutionary implications of mitochondrial genetic variation: Mitochondrial genetic effects on OXPHOS respiration and mitochondrial quantity change with age and sex in fruit flies
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Species responses to changing precipitation depends on trait plasticity rather than trait means and intraspecific variation
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Ancestral genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity underlies rapid evolutionary changes in resurrected populations of waterfleas
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.