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203 results for “water stress”
Changes in transcriptomic response to salinity stress induce the brackish water adaptation in a freshwater snail
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Data from: Water as a resource, stress and disturbance shaping tundra vegetation
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Data from: Some don't like it hot: microhabitat-dependent thermal and water stresses in a trailing edge population
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Data from: Water stress strengthens mutualism among ants, trees, and scale insects
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Stress alters the role of silicon in controlling plant water movement
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Data from: Does water shortage generate water stress? An ecohydrological approach across Mediterranean plant communities
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Data from: How do functional traits syndromes covary with growth and reproductive performance in a water-stressed population of Fagus sylvatica?
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Banks grass mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) suppression may add to the benefit of drought-tolerant corn hybrids exposed to water-stress
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Fig. 1. Glutathione-S in Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Fig. 1. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity (nmol CNDB-GSH min-1 mg wet tissue-1) in a. gills and b. kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles under different water hardness and pH at different times. LWH = low water hardness (50 mg CaCO L-1); HWH = high water hardness (120 mg CaCO L-1). Data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 9 fish 3 3 treatment–1). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between pH at the same hardness (P <0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate statistically differences between hardness at the same pH (P <0.05).
Water stress and insect herbivory interactively reduce crop yield while the insect pollination benefit is conserved
<p>Climate change is predicted to hamper crop production due to precipitation deficits and warmer temperatures inducing both water stress and increasing herbivory due to more abundant insect pests. Consequently, crop yields will be impacted simultaneously by abiotic and biotic stressors. Extensive yield losses due to such climate change stressors might, however, be mitigated by ecosystem services such as insect pollination. We examined the single and combined effects of water stress, insect herbivory and insect pollination on faba bean yield components and above- and belowground plant biomass under realistic field conditions. We used rainout shelters to simulate a scenario in line with climate change projections, with adequate water supply at sowing followed by a long period without precipitation. This induced a gradually increasing water stress, culminating around crop flowering and yield formation. We found that gradually increasing water stress combined with insect herbivory by aphids interactively shaped yield in faba beans. Individually, aphid herbivory reduced yield by 79 % and water stress reduced yield by 52 %. However, the combined effect of water stress and aphid herbivory reduced yield less (84 %) than the sum of the individual stressor effects. In contrast, insect pollination increased yield by 68 % independently of water availability and insect herbivory. Our results suggest that yield losses can be greatly reduced when both water stress and insect herbivory are reduced simultaneously. In contrast, reducing only one stressor has negligible benefits on yield as long as the crop is suffering from the other stressor. We call for further exploration of interactions among ecosystem services and biotic and abiotic stressors that simulate realistic conditions under climate change.</p>
Belowground interactions differ between sympatric desert shrubs under water stress
Understanding the relationships among species is central to ecological research, however, many knowledge gaps remain regarding how desert plant species interact. In the present study, we assessed the effect of rainfall on the belowground interactions and root morphology of two desert shrubs, Reaumuria soongorica (Tamaricaceae) and Salsola passerina (Chenopodiaceae), from three communities with similar landforms and soil environments. The roots of both R. soongorica and S. passerina were deeper when grown together than grown singly. Interestingly, the belowground biomass of R. soongorica was higher but the belowground biomass of S. passerina was lower when grown together than when grown alone. This suggests that S. passerina benefitted from the association with R. soongorica. When grown together under conditions of low rainfall, the roots of R. soongorica were deeper than those of S. passerina, which suggests that R. soongorica is more robust than S. passerina when subjected to periods of decreased rainfall. We concluded that the symbiotic relationship between these two shrub species can lead to deeper roots and that the plants are affected by rainfall availability. Combined with the output results of climate change models, we speculated that the distribution area of these two species will expand to the west, which has important implications on how the interactions of other desert species may change in response to climate variability.
Data from: A global analysis of plant recovery performance from water stress
Plant post-drought recovery performance is essential to predict shifts in ecosystem dynamics and production during frequent climate change-driven drought events. Yet, it is not clear how post-drought recovery is related to evolutionary and geographic variations in plants. In this study, we generated a global data set of post-drought recovery performance in 140 plant species from published studies. We quantified the plant post-drought recovery performance by calculating a recovery index for multiple plant physiological and hydraulic parameters, including leaf water potential, net photosynthetic rate, leaf hydraulic conductance, and shoot biomass. The magnitude of recovery among four plant functional types (deciduous angiosperms, evergreen angiosperms, gymnosperms, and crops), two plant growth forms (shrubs and trees), two water management strategies (isohydric and anisohydric), four xylem porosity types (diffuse, ring, semi-ring, and tracheid), and four major biomes (dry sclerophyll forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, and tropical/subtropical forest) were compared. We found the inability to completely recover immediately after severe water stress is ubiquitous across all plant functional types and growth forms, while the rate and magnitude of post-drought recovery varied greatly across different plant taxonomic categories and geographic ranges. In general, plant hydraulic architecture, leaf anatomy and physiology affect plants' propensity towards recovery, and reflect evolutionary consequences of plant adaptation to their habitat. Due to the essential role of plant functional traits in regulating carbon storage in each biome, a better understanding plant post-drought recovery performance could improve our predictions on ecosystem productivity in a rapidly changing climate.
Data from: Whole-plant metabolic allocation under water stress
Trade-offs between plant growth and defense depend on environmental resource availability. Plants are predicted to prioritize growth when environmental resources are abundant and defense when environmental resources are scarce. Nevertheless, such predictions lack a whole-plant perspective-they do not account for potential differences in plant allocation above- and belowground. Such accounting is important because leaves and roots, though both critical to plant survival and fitness, differ in their resource-uptake roles and, often, in their vulnerability to herbivores. Here we aimed to determine how water availability affects plant allocation to multiple metabolic components of growth and defense in both leaves and roots. To do this, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from experimental studies in the literature. We assessed plant metabolic responses to experimentally reduced water availability, including changes in growth, nutrients, physical defenses, primary metabolites, hormones, and other secondary metabolites. Both above- and belowground, reduced water availability reduced plant biomass but increased the concentrations of primary metabolites and hormones. Importantly, however, reduced water had opposite effects in different organs on the concentrations of other secondary metabolites: reduced water increased carbon-based secondary metabolites in leaves but reduced them in roots. In addition, plants suffering from co-occurring drought and herbivory stresses exhibited dampened metabolic responses, suggesting a metabolic cost of multiple stresses. Our study highlights the needs for additional empirical studies of whole-plant metabolic responses under multiple stresses and for refinement of existing plant growth-defense theory in the context of whole plants.
Monthly_Water_Stress_Levels_VLab1
<p>Data for Monthly_Water_Stress_Levels_VLab1</p>
Data from: Global change impacts on arid zone ecosystems: Seedling establishment processes are threatened by temperature and water stress
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Recruitment for many arid-zone plant species is expected to be impacted by the projected increase in soil temperature and prolonged droughts associated with global climate change. As seed dormancy is considered a strategy to avoid unfavourable conditions, understanding the mechanisms underpinning vulnerability to these factors is critical for plant recruitment in intact communities, as well as for restoration efforts in arid ecosystems. This study determined the effects of temperature and water stress on recruitment processes in six grass species in the genus <i>Triodia </i>R.Br. from the Australian arid zone. Experiments in controlled environments were conducted on dormant and less-dormant seeds at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C, under well-watered (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.15 MPa) and water-limited (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.35 MPa) conditions. Success at three key recruitment stages – seed germination, emergence and survival– and final seed viability of un-germinated seeds was assessed.<i> </i>For all species, less dormant seeds germinated to higher proportions under all conditions, however, subsequent seedling emergence and survival was higher in the more dormant seed treatment. An increase in temperature (35–40°C) under water-limited conditions caused 95–100% recruitment failure, regardless of the dormancy state. Ungerminated seeds maintained viability in dry soil, however, when exposed to warm (30-40°C) and well-watered conditions, loss of viability was greater from the less dormant seeds across all species. This work demonstrates that the transition from seed to established seedling is highly vulnerable to microclimatic constraints, and represents a critical filter for plant recruitment in the arid-zone. As we demonstrated temperature and water stress-driven mortality between seeds and established seedlings, understanding how these factors influence recruitment in other arid-zone species should be a high priority consideration for management actions to mitigate the impacts of global change on ecosystem resilience. The knowledge gained from these outcomes must be actively incorporated into restoration initiatives.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water-stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution
<p>Hydrology is a major environmental factor determining plant fitness, and hydrological niche segregation (HNS) has been widely used to explain species coexistence. Nevertheless, the distribution of plant species along hydrological gradients does not only depend on their hydrological niches but also on their seed dispersal, with dispersal either weakening or reinforcing the effects of HNS on coexistence. However, it is poorly understood how seed dispersal responds to hydrological conditions. To close this gap, we conducted a common-garden experiment exposing five wind-dispersed plant species (Bellis perennis, Chenopodium album, Crepis sancta, Hypochaeris glabra, and H. radicata) to different hydrological conditions. We quantified the effects of hydrological conditions on seed production and dispersal traits, and simulated seed dispersal distances with a mechanistic dispersal model. We found species-specific responses of seed production, seed dispersal traits, and predicted dispersal distances to hydrological conditions. Despite these species-specific responses, there was a general positive relationship between seed production and dispersal distance: plants growing in favourable hydrological conditions not only produce more seeds but also disperse them over longer distances. This arises mostly because plants growing in favourable environments grow taller and thus disperse their seeds over longer distances. We postulate that the positive relationship between seed production and dispersal may reduce the concentration of each species to the environments favourable for it, thus counteracting species coexistence. Moreover, the resulting asymmetrical gene flow from favourable to stressful habitats may slow down the microevolution of hydrological niches, causing evolutionary niche conservatism. Accounting for context-dependent seed dispersal should thus improve ecological and evolutionary models for the spatial dynamics of plant populations and communities.</p>
Figure 2 in Effect of degree of water stress on growth and fecundity of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrOsti) using soil moisture sensors
Figure 2. Effect of degree of water stress on (A) leaves per plant, (B) plant height, and (C) growth index of Abutilon threophrasti after 84 d after transplanting (DATr) during both years. The 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% field capacity (FC) treatments correspond to no, light, moderate, and high water stress, respectively. Only one A. threophrasti plant maintained at 25% FC survived more than 77 DATr during both years, and the three-parameter log-logistic model did not provide a good fit for leaves per plant, plant height, or growth index; therefore, curves are presented for 25% FC, although only for visual reference.
Figure 1. r in Development and physiological aspects of three species of passion fruit submitted to water stress
Figure 1. r values of Pearson correlation between the variables analyzed in the passion fruit species after the irrigation intervals.
Figure 1 in Does silicon help to alleviate water deficit stress and in the recovery of Dipteryx alata seedlings?
Figure 1. Dynamics of photosynthesis (A) in D. alata seedlings produced under different water regimes (I: Irrigated; II: combined intermittent irrigation without and with 0.75 and 1.50 Si) in different evaluation periods (T0: zero time; P0: photosynthesis close to zero; REC: recovery: END: end of evaluations).
Figure 4 in Does silicon help to alleviate water deficit stress and in the recovery of Dipteryx alata seedlings?
Figure 4. Leaf area (a), relative water content of WRC leaves (b) and Dickson quality index DQI (c and d) in D. alata seedlings produced under different water regimes (I: Irrigated; II: combined intermittent irrigation without and with 0.75 and 1.50 of Si) in different evaluation periods (T0: time zero; P0: photosynthesis close to zero; REC: recovery: END: end of evaluations). Capital letters compare water regimes within each assessment period (Tukey; p <0.05); Lowercase letters compare the evaluation periods within each water regime (Tukey; p <0.05).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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