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2,603 results for “Ecological data”
FIGURES 94–98 in World genera of Mastigitae: review of morphological structures and new ecological data (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 94–98. Clidicini, morphological structures, Clidicus bellator. Mouthparts in ventral view (94); left scape and pedicel in ventral view (95); prothorax in ventral view (96); pterothorax and first visible abdominal sternite in ventral view (97); aedeagus and sperm pump (98). Abbreviations: acxc, adcoxal carina; ade, adcoxal expansion; aed, aedeagus; aest3, metanepisternum; ar, anterior ridge; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; dej, ductus ejaculatorius; epm2, mesepimeron; gal, galea; lac, lacinia; lhl, lateral hypopharyngeal lobe; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral intercoxal process; pd, pedicel; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; sc, scape; si, setose impression; spp, sperm pump; st3, abdominal sternite III; v3, metaventrite.
Fig. 9 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n in A new genus and species of African Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with data on its ecology, bioacoustics and chromosomes
Fig. 9 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n. sp., chromosomes. (a, b) C-banding staining of male complement, mitotic metaphase (a) and diakinesis (b), with terminal C-bands in L2. (c) Silver nitrate staining at diplotene, NOR detected in telomeric region of L2. (d, e). FISH on male chromosome using both 18S rDNA (arrow) and telomeric DNA
Fig. 5 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n in A new genus and species of African Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with data on its ecology, bioacoustics and chromosomes
Fig. 5 Lunidia viridis n. gen. n. sp., female. Arrow: veins R and Sc of fore wing continued in visible part of hind wing, thus resembling mid-vein of a leaf
FIGURE 4 in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data
FIGURE 4. Idiograms of the four populations showing CMA 3 bands (yellow), 35S (red) and 5S (green) signals. A. S. litoralis; B. S. virgaurea (Livorno); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 5 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data
FIGURE 2. Chromomycin banding showing the GC-rich DNA regions. A. S. litoralis (partial metaphase); B. S. virgaurea (Livorno; partial metaphase); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 10 μm.
FIGURE 1. Schiff stained metaphase plates. A. S in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data
FIGURE 1. Schiff stained metaphase plates. A. S. litoralis; B. S. virgaurea (Livorno); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 10 μm.
FIGURE 3. FISH showing the chromosomes with 35S in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data
FIGURE 3. FISH showing the chromosomes with 35S (red) and 5S (green) signals. A. Partial metaphase of S. litoralis; B. Partial metaphase of S. virgaurea (Livorno); C. S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); D. S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze). Scale bar: 10 μm.
FIGURE 5 in Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data
FIGURE 5. Grime triangle showing CSR strategies calculated for each single individual. Empty dots: S. litoralis; diamonds: S. virgaurea (Livorno); filled squares: S. virgaurea (Monte Pisano); stars: S. virgaurea (Tre Potenze).
FIGURE 2 in Morphological, anatomical, palynological and ecological data on the local endemic Dianthus vanensis (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
FIGURE 2. Seed and pollen micrographs of Dianthus vanensis. a) seed (general view); b−c): details of seed surface ornamentation; d) general view of pollen grain; e) pore detail; f) surface ornamentation of pollen.
FIGURE 1. Dianthus vanensis. a in Morphological, anatomical, palynological and ecological data on the local endemic Dianthus vanensis (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
FIGURE 1. Dianthus vanensis. a) flower; b) general habit in nature; c) opened capsule with seeds; d) detail of seed.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological, anatomical, palynological and ecological data on the local endemic Dianthus vanensis (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
FIGURE 3. The anatomical cross sections of Dianthus vanensis. a−b) root; c−d) stem; e−g) leaf (pd: periderm, co: cortex, sc: sclerenchyma, pi: pith region, pr: pith ray, e: epidermis, ue: upper epidermis, le: lower epidermis, cl: chlorenchyma, xy: xylem, ph: phloem, st: stomata, pp: palisade parenchyma, sp: spongy parenchyma, bs: boundle sheet).
Data for "Completing the speciation cycle: Ecological niches and traits predict local species coexistence in birds across the globe"
<p>These are files to replicate all analyses in our article:</p> <p>A data file in xlsx format.</p> <p>A phylogeny in nexus format.</p> <p>An R code for analyses.</p>
Data from: Ecological continuity and transformation after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction in northeastern Panthalassa
The Permo-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) is often implicated in the transition from the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna (PEF) to the Modern Evolutionary Fauna (MEF). However the exact timing and details of this progression are unknown, especially regarding the vacating and filling of functional ecological space after the PTME. Here we quantify the functional diversity of middle Permian and Early Triassic marine paleocommunities in the western US to determine functional re-organization in the aftermath of the PTME. Results indicate that while the PTME was selective in nature, many new Triassic taxa either re-filled functional roles of extinct Permian taxa or performed the same functional roles as Permian survivors. Despite this functional overlap, Permian survivors and new Triassic taxa differed significantly in their relative abundances within those overlapping functions. This shift in numerical emphasis, driven by an increase in abundance towards more MEF-style traits, may represent a first step in the transition between the PEF and MEF. We therefore suggest that the extreme impact of the PTME had significant and permanent re-organizational effects on the intrinsic structure of marine ecosystems. Early Triassic ecosystems likely bridged the gap between the Paleozoic and Modern Evolutionary Faunas, as newly originated Triassic taxa shared ecospace with Permian survivors, but shifted functional emphasis.
Data from: Boechera, a model system for ecological genomics
The selection and development of a study system for evolutionary and ecological functional genomics (EEFG) depends on a variety of factors. Here we present the genus Boechera as an exemplary system with which to address ecological and evolutionary questions. Our focus on Boechera is based on several characteristics: 1) native populations in undisturbed habitats where current environments reflect historical conditions over several thousand years; 2) functional genomics benefitting from its close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana; 3) inbreeding tolerance enabling development of recombinant inbred lines, near-isogenic lines, and positional cloning; 4) interspecific crosses permitting mapping for genetic analysis of speciation; 5) apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) in a genetically tractable diploid; and 6) broad geographic distribution in North America, permitting ecological genetics for a large research community. These characteristics, along with the current sequencing of three Boechera species by the Joint Genome Institute, position Boechera as a rapidly advancing system for EEFG studies.
Data from: Multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrate alpha diversity are driven by different ecological factors across an extensive altitudinal gradient
Environmental filtering and spatial structuring are important ecological processes for the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. However, the relative importance of these ecological drivers for multiple facets of diversity is still poorly understood in highland streams. Here, we examined the responses of three facets of stream macroinvertebrate alpha diversity to local environmental, landscape-climate and spatial factors in a near-pristine highland riverine ecosystem. Taxonomic (species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness), functional (functional richness, evenness, divergence and Rao's Quadratic entropy) and a proxy of phylogenetic alpha diversity (taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness) were calculated for macroinvertebrate assemblages in 55 stream sites. Then Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore congruence of indices within and across the three diversity facets. Finally, multiple linear regression models and variation partitioning were employed to identify the relative importance of different ecological drivers of biodiversity. We found most correlations between the diversity indices within the same facet, and between functional richness and species richness were relatively strong. The two phylogenetic diversity indices were quite independent from taxonomic diversity but correlated with functional diversity indices to some extent. Taxonomic and functional diversity were more strongly determined by environmental variables, while phylogenetic diversity was better explained by spatial factors. In terms of environmental variables, habitat-scale variables describing habitat complexity and water physical features played the primary role in determining the diversity patterns of all three facets, whereas landscape factors appeared less influential. Our findings indicated that both environmental and spatial factors are important ecological drivers for biodiversity patterns of macroinvertebrates in Tibetan streams, although their relative importance was contingent on different facets of diversity. Such findings verified the complementary roles of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and highlighted the importance of comprehensively considering multiple ecological drivers for different facets of diversity in biodiversity assessment.
Data from: Ecological speciation in anemone-associated snapping shrimps (Alpheus armatus species complex)
Divergent natural selection driven by competition for limited resources can promote speciation, even in the presence of gene flow. Reproductive isolation is more likely to result from divergent selection when the partitioned resource is closely linked to mating. Obligate symbiosis and host fidelity (mating on or near the host) can provide this link, creating ideal conditions for speciation in the absence of physical barriers to dispersal. Symbiotic organisms often experience competition for hosts, and host fidelity ensures that divergent selection for a specific host or host habitat can lead to speciation and strengthen pre-existing reproductive barriers. Here, we present evidence that diversification of a sympatric species complex occurred despite the potential for gene flow and that partitioning of host resources (both by species and by host habitat) has contributed to this diversification. Four species of snapping shrimps (Alpheus armatus, A. immaculatus, A. polystictus and A. roquensis) are distributed mainly sympatrically in the Caribbean, while the fifth species (A. rudolphi) is restricted to Brazil. All five species are obligate commensals of sea anemones with a high degree of fidelity and ecological specificity for host species and habitat. We analysed sequence data from 10 nuclear genes and the mitochondrial COI gene in 11–16 individuals from each of the Caribbean taxa and from the only available specimen of the Brazilian taxon. Phylogenetic analyses support morphology-based species assignments and a well-supported Caribbean clade. The Brazilian A. rudolphi is recovered as an outgroup to the Caribbean taxa. Isolation–migration coalescent analysis provides evidence for historical gene flow among sympatric sister species. Our data suggest that both selection for a novel host and selection for host microhabitat may have promoted diversification of this complex despite gene flow.
Data from: Tree, sex and size: ecological determinants of male versus female fecundity in three Fagus sylvatica stands
Inter-individual variation in fecundities has major consequences on population evolutionary potential, through genetic drift and selection. Using two spatially explicit mating models that analyze the genotypes of seeds and seedlings, we investigated the variation of male and female fecundities within and among three European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands situated along an elevational gradient. Female and male individual fecundity distributions were both skewed in this monoecious species, and we found a higher variance in female as compared to male fecundities. Both female and male fecundities increased with tree size and decreased with density and competition in the neighborhood, the details of these effects suggesting sex-specific strategies to deal with the impact of limited resource on fecundity. The studied populations were functionally male-biased. Among-individual variations in functional gender were not driven by tree size but by density and competition in the neighborhood, consistently with the expectation of a decreasing femaleness under limited resource availability due to higher cost of female reproduction. Considering the variation of gene flow and genetic drift across elevation, our results suggest that the adaptive potential could be enhanced by low genetic drift at low elevation, and by high pollen-mediated gene flow at high elevation. Finally, this study predicts a more efficient response to selection for traits related to male versus female fitness, for a given selection intensity.
Data from: Structural and compositional mismatch between captive and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parrs gut microbiota highlights the relevance of integrating molecular ecology for management and conservation methods.
Stocking methods are used in the Province of Quebec to restore Salmo salar populations. However, Atlantic salmon stocked juveniles show higher mortality rates than wild ones when introduced into nature. Hatchery environment, which greatly differs from the natural environment, is identified as the main driver of the phenotypic mismatch between captive and wild parrs. The latter is also suspected to impact the gut microbiota composition, which can be associated with essential metabolic functions for their host. We hypothesized that hatchery raised parrs potentially recruit gut microbial communities that are different from those recruited in the wild. This study evaluated the impacts of artificial rearing on gut microbiota composition in 0+ parrs meant for stocking in two distinct Canadian rivers: Rimouski and Malbaie (Quebec, Canada). Striking differences between hatchery and wild born parrs' gut microbiota suggest that microbiota could be another factor that could impact their survival in the targeted river, since the microbiome is narrowly related to host physiology. For instance, major commensals belonging to Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridiacea from wild parrs' gut microbiota were substituted in captive parrs by lactic acid bacteria from the Lactobacillaceae family. Overall, captive parrs host a generalist bacterial community whereas wild parrs' microbiota is much more specialized. This is the very first study demonstrating extensive impact of captive rearing on intestinal microbiota composition in Atlantic salmon intended for wild population stocking. Our results strongly suggest the need to implement microbial ecology concepts into conservation management of endangered salmon stocks supplemented with hatchery reared parrs.
Data from: Assessing the trophic ecology of top predators across a recolonisation frontier using DNA metabarcoding of diets
Top predator populations, once intensively hunted, are rebounding in size and geographic distribution. The cessation of sealing along coastal Australia and subsequent recovery of Australian Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and long-nosed A. forsteri fur seals represents a unique opportunity to investigate trophic linkages at a frontier of predator recolonisation. We characterised the diets of both species across 2 locations of recolonisation, one site an established breeding colony, and the other, a new but permanent haul-out site. Using DNA metabarcoding, high taxonomic resolution data on diets was used to inform ecological trait-based analyses across time and location. Australian and long-nosed fur seals consumed 76 and 73 prey taxa, respectively, a prey diversity greater than previously reported. We found unexpected overlap of prey functional traits in the diets of both seal species at the haul-out site, where we observed strong trophic linkages with coastal ecosystems due to the prevalence of benthic, demersal and reef-associated prey. The diets of both seal species at the breeding colony were consistent with foraging patterns observed in the centre of their geographic range regarding diet partitioning between predator species and seasonal trends typically observed. The unexpected differences between sites in this region and the convergence of both predators' effective ecological roles at the range-edge haul-out site correlate with known differences in seal population densities and demographics at these and other newly recolonised locations. This study provides a baseline for the diets and trophic interactions for recovering fur seal populations and from which to understand the evolving ecology of predator recolonisation.
Data from: Host and pathogen ecology drive the seasonal dynamics of a fungal disease, white-nose syndrome
Seasonal patterns in pathogen transmission can influence the impact of disease on populations and the speed of spatial spread. Increases in host contact rates or births drive seasonal epidemics in some systems, but other factors may occasionally override these influences. White-nose syndrome, caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, is spreading across North America and threatens several bat species with extinction. We examined patterns and drivers of seasonal transmission of P. destructans by measuring infection prevalence and pathogen loads in six bat species at 30 sites across the eastern United States. Bats became transiently infected in autumn, and transmission spiked in early winter when bats began hibernating. Nearly all bats in six species became infected by late winter when infection intensity peaked. In summer, despite high contact rates and a birth pulse, most bats cleared infections and prevalence dropped to zero. These data suggest the dominant driver of seasonal transmission dynamics was a change in host physiology, specifically hibernation. Our study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to describe the seasonality of transmission in this emerging wildlife disease. The timing of infection and fungal growth resulted in maximal population impacts, but only moderate rates of spatial spread.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.