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1,478 results for “coral reefs”
Data from: Coupling of palaeontological and neontological reef coral data improves forecasts of biodiversity responses under global climatic change
Reef corals are currently undergoing climatically-driven poleward range expansions, with some evidence for equatorial range retractions. Predicting their response to future climate scenarios is critical to their conservation, but ecological models are based only on short-term observations. The fossil record provides the only empirical evidence for the long-term response of organisms under perturbed climate states. The palaeontological record from the Last Interglacial (LIG; 125,000 years ago), a time of global warming, suggests that reef corals experienced poleward range shifts and an equatorial decline relative to their modern distribution. However, this record is spatiotemporally biased, and existing methods cannot account for data absence. Here, we use ecological niche modelling to estimate reef corals' realised niche and LIG distribution, based on modern and fossil occurrences. We then make inferences about modelled habitability under two future climate change scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5). Reef coral ranges during the LIG were comparable to the present, with no prominent equatorial decrease in habitability. Reef corals are likely to experience poleward range expansion and large equatorial declines under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. However, this range expansion is likely optimistic in the face of anthropogenic climate change. Incorporation of fossil data in niche models improves forecasts of biodiversity responses under global climatic change.
Data from: The evolution of traits and functions in herbivorous coral reef fishes through space and time
Herbivory by fishes has been identified as a key ecological process shaping coral reefs through time. Although taxonomically limited, herbivorous reef fishes display a wide range of traits, which results in varied ecosystem functions on reefs around the world. Yet, we understand little about how these trait combinations and functions in ecosystems changed through time and across biogeographic realms. Here we used fossils and phylogenies in a functional ecological framework to reveal temporal changes in nominally herbivorous fish assemblages among oceanic basins in both trait space and lineage richness among functions. We show that the trait space occupied by extant herbivorous fishes in the Indo-Pacific resulted from an expansion of traits from the ancestral Tethyan assemblages. By contrast, trait space in the Atlantic is the result of lineage turnover, with relatively recent colonization by lineages that arose in the east Tethys/Indo-Pacific. From an ecosystem function perspective, the Atlantic supports a depauperate fauna, with few extant herbivorous reef fish lineages performing each function. Indo-Pacific fishes support both more functions and more lineages within each function, with a marked Miocene to Pleistocene expansion. These disparities highlight the importance of history in explaining global variation in fish functional composition on coral reefs.
Data from: Individual-based analyses reveal limited functional overlap in a coral reef fish community.
1.Detailed knowledge of a species' functional niche is crucial for the study of ecological communities and processes. The extent of niche overlap, functional redundancy and functional complementarity are of particular importance if we are to understand ecosystem processes and their vulnerability to disturbances. 2.Coral reefs are among the most threatened marine systems, and anthropogenic activity is changing the functional composition of reefs. The loss of herbivorous fishes is particularly concerning as the removal of algae is crucial for the growth and survival of corals. Yet, the foraging patterns of the various herbivorous fish species are poorly understood. 3.Using a multidimensional framework, we present novel individual-based analyses of species' realized functional niches, which we apply to a herbivorous coral reef fish community. In calculating niche volumes for 21 species, based on their microhabitat utilization patterns during foraging, and computing functional overlaps, we provide a measurement of functional redundancy or complementarity. Complementarity is the inverse of redundancy and is defined as less than 50% overlap in niche volumes. 4.The analyses reveal extensive complementarity with an average functional overlap of just 15.2%. Furthermore, the analyses divide herbivorous reef fishes into two broad groups. The first group (predominantly surgeonfishes and parrotfishes) comprises species feeding on exposed surfaces and predominantly open reef matrix or sandy substrata, resulting in small niche volumes and extensive complementarity. In contrast, the second group consists of species (predominantly rabbitfishes) that feed over a wider range of microhabitats, penetrating the reef matrix to exploit concealed surfaces of various substratum types. These species show high variation among individuals, leading to large niche volumes, more overlap and less complementarity. 5.These results may have crucial consequences for our understanding of herbivorous processes on coral reefs, as algal removal appears to depend strongly on species-specific microhabitat utilization patterns of herbivores. Furthermore, the results emphasize the capacity of the individual-based analyses to reveal variation in the functional niches of species, even in high diversity systems such as coral reefs, demonstrating its potential applicability to other high-diversity ecosystems.
Data from: Nutrient starvation impairs the trophic plasticity of reef-building corals under ocean warming
1) Global warming of the world's oceans is driving reef-building corals towards their upper thermal limit, inducing bleaching, nutrient starvation and mortality. In addition, corals are predicted to experience large fluctuations in seawater nutrient concentrations, following water column stratification or eutrophication problems, which can further alter their nutritional capacities and ultimately their resilience to global change. 2) We investigated the effect of thermal stress and dissolved inorganic nutrient (DINUT) availability on the auto- and heterotrophic nutritional capacities of corals. In particular, we assessed the effect of nitrogen enrichment or DINUT depletion (both in nitrogen and phosphorus) on the assimilation of heterotrophic nutrients as well as on the heat-stress tolerance of the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata. 3) Here, we show that DINUT depletion enhanced coral bleaching under thermal stress and more importantly, significantly impaired rates of heterotrophic nutrient assimilation, inducing coral starvation. In contrast, corals grown under nitrogen enrichment maintained high rates of heterotrophic nutrient assimilation and avoided bleaching, although nutrient uptake rates were lowered. We therefore observed a positive coupling between auto-and heterotrophy within the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis, indicating that heterotrophic processes require a minimum of autotrophically-acquired nutrients to be functional. 4) These findings show that the trophic plasticity of corals directly depends on the availability of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater. The lack of a shift toward greater heterotrophy under DINUT depletion may lead to substantial modifications of the role that feeding plays in the response of reef-building corals to climate change.
Data from: Isolation by resistance across a complex coral reef seascape
A detailed understanding of the genetic structure of populations and an accurate interpretation of processes driving contemporary patterns of gene flow are fundamental to successful spatial conservation management. The field of seascape genetics seeks to incorporate environmental variables and processes into analyses of population genetic data to improve our understanding of forces driving genetic divergence in the marine environment. Information about barriers to gene flow (such as ocean currents) is used to define a resistance surface to predict the spatial genetic structure of populations and explain deviations from the widely applied isolation-by-distance model. The majority of seascape approaches to date have been applied to linear coastal systems or at large spatial scales (more than 250 km), with very few applied to complex systems at regional spatial scales (less than 100 km). Here, we apply a seascape genetics approach to a peripheral population of the broadcast-spawning coral Acropora spicifera across the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, a high-latitude complex coral reef system off the central coast of Western Australia. We coupled population genetic data from a panel of microsatellite DNA markers with a biophysical dispersal model to test whether oceanographic processes could explain patterns of genetic divergence. We identified significant variation in allele frequencies over distances of less than 10 km, with significant differentiation occurring between adjacent sites but not between the most geographically distant ones. Recruitment probabilities between sites based on simulated larval dispersal were projected into a measure of resistance to connectivity that was significantly correlated with patterns of genetic divergence, demonstrating that patterns of spatial genetic structure are a function of restrictions to gene flow imposed by oceanographic currents. This study advances our understanding of the role of larval dispersal on the fine-scale genetic structure of coral populations across a complex island system and applies a methodological framework that can be tailored to suit a variety of marine organisms with a range of life-history characteristics.
Microhabitat partitioning correlates with opsin gene expression in coral reef cardinalfishes (Apogonidae)
<ol> <li>Fish are the most diverse vertebrate group, and they have evolved equally diverse visual systems, varying in terms of eye morphology, number and distribution of spectrally distinct photoreceptor types, visual opsin genes and opsin gene expression levels.</li> <li>This variation is mainly due to adaptations driven by two factors: differences in the light environments and behavioural tasks. However, while the effects of large-scale habitat differences are well described, it is less clear whether visual systems also adapt to differences in environmental light at the microhabitat level.</li> <li>To address this, we assessed the relationship between microhabitat use and visual system features in fishes inhabiting coral reefs, where habitat partitioning is particularly common.</li> <li>We suggest that differences in microhabitat use by cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) drive morphological and molecular adaptations in their visual systems. To test this, we investigated diurnal microhabitat use in 17 cardinalfish species and assessed whether this correlated with differences in visual opsin gene expression and eye morphology.</li> <li>We found that cardinalfishes display six types of microhabitat partitioning behaviours during the day, ranging from specialists found exclusively in the water column to species that are always hidden inside the reef matrix.</li> <li>Species predominantly found in exposed microhabitats had higher expression of the short-wavelength sensitive violet opsin (<i>SWS2B</i>) and lower expression of the dim-light active rod opsin (<i>RH1</i>). Species of intermediate exposure, on the other hand, expressed opsins that are mostly sensitive to the blue-green central part of the light spectrum (<i>SWS2As</i> and <i>RH2s</i>), while fishes entirely hidden in the reef substrate had a higher expression of the long-wavelength sensitive red opsin (<i>LWS</i>).</li> <li>We also found that eye size relative to body size differed between cardinalfish species, and relative eye size decreased with an increase in habitat exposure.</li> <li>Retinal topography did not show co-adaptation with microhabitat use, but data suggested co-adaptation with feeding mode.</li> <li>We suggest that, although most cardinalfishes are nocturnal foragers, their visual systems – and possibly those of other (reef) fishes – have also adapted to the light intensity and the light spectrum of their preferred diurnal microhabitats.</li> </ol>
FIGURE 19. Leucothoe wuriti n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 19. Leucothoe wuriti n.sp. male holotype "A," 6.84 mm.
FIGURE 17. Leucothoe ubouhu n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 17. Leucothoe ubouhu n.sp. male holotype "A," 9.03 mm; female paratype "B," 7.78 mm.
FIGURE 18. Leucothoe ubouhu n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 18. Leucothoe ubouhu n.sp. male holotype "A," 9.03 mm.
FIGURE 21. Leucothoe wuriti n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 21. Leucothoe wuriti n.sp. male holotype "A," 6.84 mm.
FIGURE 16. Leucothoe ubouhu n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 16. Leucothoe ubouhu n.sp. male holotype "A," 9.03 mm; female paratype "B," 7.78 mm.
FIGURE 15. Leucothoe ubouhu n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 15. Leucothoe ubouhu n.sp. male holotype "A," 9.03 mm; female paratype "B," 7.78 mm.
FIGURE 20. Leucothoe wuriti n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 20. Leucothoe wuriti n.sp. male holotype "A," 6.84 mm; female paratype "B," 5.70 mm.
FIGURE 12. Leucothoe saron n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 12. Leucothoe saron n.sp. male holotype "A," 6.72 mm; female paratype "B," 6.85 mm.
FIGURE 13. Leucothoe saron n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 13. Leucothoe saron n.sp. male holotype "A," 6.72 mm.
FIGURE 10. Leucothoe garifunae n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 10. Leucothoe garifunae n.sp. male holotype "A," 5.17 mm.
FIGURE 11. Leucothoe saron n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 11. Leucothoe saron n.sp. male holotype "A," 6.72 mm.
FIGURE 9. Leucothoe garifunae n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 9. Leucothoe garifunae n.sp. male holotype "A," 5.17 mm; female paratype "B," 5.94 mm.
FIGURE 8. Leucothoe garifunae n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 8. Leucothoe garifunae n.sp. male holotype "A," 5.17 mm.
FIGURE 4. Leucothoe flammosa n in New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
FIGURE 4. Leucothoe flammosa n.sp. male holotype "A," 5.44 mm; female paratype "B," 4.30 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.