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Figure 18. A in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figure 18. A colony of Colopha setaricola on Setaria chondrachne. (Photographed in Fukiage-gyoen, the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan; courtesy of Y. Matsumoto.)

Figures 14–17 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figures 14–17. Sexupara of C. setaricola. (14) Antenna in ventral view. (15) Head in dorsal view. (16) Ultimate rostral segment. (17) Genital and anal plates. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (14, 15, 17); 0.1 mm (16).

Figures 7–13 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figures 7–13. Adult exule of C. setaricola. (7) Antenna in ventral view. (8) Head in dorsal view. (9) Ultimate rostral segment. (10). Fore tarsus in posterior view. (11) Hind tarsus. (12) Wax gland plates. (13) Genital and anal plates. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (8, 13); 0.1 mm (7, 12); 0.05 mm (9–11).

Figures 1–6 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figures 1–6. First instar exule of C. setaricola. (1) Body in dorsal view. (2) Body in ventral view. (3) Antenna in ventral view. (4) Ultimate rostral segment. (5) Hind tarsus. (6) Wax gland plate on pleural position of abdominal tergite IV. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (1, 2); 0.1 mm (3); 0.05 mm (4–6).

Figure 13 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 13. Wave plots illustrating the male calling song of Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov. Each plot shows a separate recording, with a brief introductory echeme and syllable sequence, followed by a series of repeated echemes. Recordings are from (A) Pratten (28°05'S 151°44'E), (B) Yelarbon State Forest (28°32'S 151°06'E), (C) Binjour Plateau (25°32'S 151°30'E), and (D) Chinchilla (26°39'S 150°35'E), all in Queensland. All recordings were obtained in the field by LWP using RS2 (A), RS3 (B) or RS1 (C); or by A. Ewart using RS5 (D) (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 12 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 12. Wave plots illustrating the structure of the simple part of the male calling song of Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. from (A) Berry, New South Wales (34°46'S 150°44'E), (B) Spicers Gap, Queensland (28°05'S 152°25'E), (C) Rosewood, Queensland (27°37'S 152°37'E), and (D) Bauple, Queensland (25°48'S 152°35'E). All recordings were obtained in the field by LWP RS1 (A), RS5 (B) or RS2 (C and D) (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 11 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 11. Wave plots illustrating the structure of the complex, introductory part of the male calling song of Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. from (A) Bargo, New South Wales (34°17'S 150°35'E), (B) Spicer's Gap, Queensland (28°05'S 152°25'E), (C and D) Rosewood, Queensland (27°37'S 152°37'E), and (E) Berry, New South Wales (34°46'S 150°44'E). D provides an example of where timbal-derived syllables (as shown in C) have been replaced with timed wing-snaps. All recordings were obtained in the field by LWP using RS1 (A and E), RS4 (B), or RS2 (C and D) (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 9 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 9. Male calling song structure of Clinopsalta adelaida, illustrated in wave plot form. (A) a single, complete bout of calling. (B) expanded diagram of the commencing section (from A above), showing several repeated sets of song notes, each comprising a macrosyllable separated by three syllables, with a magnified example of two sets shown in the excerpt to the right. (C) expanded diagram of the middle of the song (from A), showing several macrosyllables, each separated by a sequence of syllables, gradually reducing to one syllable; an expanded version showing two macrosyllables, each followed by a syllable sequence is shown to the right of the figure. Wing snaps are detectible in the latter half of this section; however these proved too subtle for illustration. (D) expanded diagram of the latter half of the song (from A), showing repeated macrosyllables, these again expanded for convenience of examination to the right of the main figure. The recording was obtained in the field from Wyalong, New South Wales (33°55'S 147°14'E) by LWP using RS4 (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 8 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 8. Male calling song structure of Clinopsalta adelaida, illustrated in wave plot form. (A) a single, complete bout of calling. (B) expanded diagram of the commencing section (from A above), showing several repeated sets of song notes, each comprising a macrosyllable separated by three syllables, with a magnified example of two sets shown in the excerpt to the right. (C) expanded diagram of the middle of the song (from A), showing several macrosyllables, each separated by a sequence of syllables, gradually reducing to one syllable; an expanded version showing two macrosyllables, each followed by a syllable sequence is shown to the right of the figure. Wing snaps are detectible in the latter half of this section; however these proved too subtle for illustration. D: expanded diagram of the latter half of the song (from A), showing repeated macrosyllables, these again expanded for convenience of examination to the right of the main figure. The recording was obtained in the field from Telowie Gorge, South Australia (33°01'S 138°06'E) by LWP using RS2 (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 7 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 7. Clinopsalta adelaida (A) male, Warrumbungle NPk, NSW (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E) dorsal habitus; (B) male, ventral habitus; (C) female, Warrumbungle NPk, NSW (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E), dorsal habitus.

Figure 10 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 10. Male calling song structure of Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov., illustrated in wave plot form. (A) a single, complete bout of calling. (B) expanded diagram of the introductory section (from A above), showing several repeated sets of song notes, each comprising a macrosyllable separated by three syllables. (C) expanded diagram of the middle of the song (from A), showing several macrosyllables, each separated by 1–2 syllables. (D) expanded diagram of the latter half of the song (from A), showing repeated macrosyllables. The recording was obtained in the field from Berry, NSW (34°46'S 150°44'E) by LWP using RS1 (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 6 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 6. Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov.: illustration of male pygofer and internal genitalia; (a) viewed laterally from the left; (b) viewed ventrally; (c) aedeagus, viewed laterally from left; and (d) apex of theca, viewed dorsally. Characters include: bpl, basal lobe of pygofer; cl, clasper; db, dorsal beak; ps, pseudoparameres; th, theca; un, uncus; upl, upper lobe of pygofer; vs, ventral support. Specimen from 6 km W of Thane (28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E).

Figure 15 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 15. Frequency spectra comparisons between Clinopsalta cicadas, including (A) C. adelaida (from Wyalong, NSW 33°55'S 147°14'E), (B) C. autumna sp. nov. (from Bargo, New South Wales: 34°17'S 150°35'E), (C) C. autumna sp. nov. (from Redwood Park, Queensland: 27°34'S 152°00'E) and (D) C. semilunata sp. nov. (from Pratten, Queensland: 28°05'S 151°44'E). The horizontal bars show the ranges of each highest amplitude frequency plateau (bounded by the 90th percentile of each amplitude spectrum). Recordings were obtained using RS4 (A), RS1 (B and C) or RS2 (D) (see Methods and terminology).

Figure 14 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 14. Wave plots illustrating the repeated phrase structure of the male dusk calling song of Clinopsalta cicadas, including (A) C. autumna sp. nov. from Cunningham's Gap, Queensland (28°03'S 152°22'E), and (B) C. semilunata sp. nov. from Yelarbon State Forest, Queensland (28°32'S 151°06'E). Both recording were obtained in the field by LWP using RS1 (A), or RS2 (B) (see Methods and Terminology).

Figure 4 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 4. Map of central and eastern mainland Australia showing the geographical distribution of Clinopsalta adelaida

Figure 5 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 5. Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov. (A) male holotype, Pratten (28.0912°S 151.7360°E) dorsal habitus; (B) male, ventral habitus; (C) female paratype, 6 km W of Thane (28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E) dorsal habitus.

Figure 2 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 2. Photos of male left timbals, with dorsal edge at top and posterior margin at right: (A) Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov., Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E); (B) Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov., Roma (26°33'S 148°47'E).

Figure 3 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 3. Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov., illustration of male pygofer and internal genitalia; (a) viewed laterally from the left; (b) viewed ventrally; (c) aedeagus, viewed laterally from left; and (d) apex of theca, viewed dorsally. Characters include: bpl, basal lobe of pygofer; cl, clasper; db, dorsal beak; ps, pseudoparameres; th, theca; un, uncus; upl, upper lobe of pygofer;vs, ventral support. Specimen from Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E).

Figure 1 in Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs

Figure 1. Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. (A) male, Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E) dorsal habitus; (B) male, ventral habitus; (C) female, Narellan (31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E), dorsal habitus.