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1,445 results for “species richness.”
Data from: Palaeo-precipitation is a major determinant of palm species richness patterns across Madagascar: a tropical biodiversity hotspot
The distribution of rainforest in many regions across the Earth was strongly affected by Pleistocene ice ages. However, the extent to which these dynamics are still important for modern-day biodiversity patterns within tropical biodiversity hotspots has not been assessed. We employ a comprehensive dataset of Madagascan palms (Arecaceae) and climate reconstructions from the last glacial maximum (LGM; 21 000 years ago) to assess the relative role of modern environment and LGM climate in explaining geographical species richness patterns in this major tropical biodiversity hotspot. We found that palaeoclimate exerted a strong influence on palm species richness patterns, with richness peaking in areas with higher LGM precipitation relative to present-day even after controlling for modern environment, in particular in northeastern Madagascar, consistent with the persistence of tropical rainforest during the LGM primarily in this region. Our results provide evidence that diversity patterns in the World's most biodiverse regions may be shaped by long-term climate history as well as contemporary environment.
Data from: Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies
1.Hundreds of experiments have now manipulated species richness of various groups of organisms and examined how this aspect of biological diversity influences ecosystem functioning. Ecologists have recently expanded this field to look at whether phylogenetic diversity among species, often quantified as the sum of branch lengths on a molecular phylogeny leading to all species in a community, also predicts ecological function. Some have hypothesized that phylogenetic divergence should be a superior predictor of ecological function than species richness because evolutionary relatedness represents the degree of ecological and functional differentiation among species. But studies to date have provided mixed support for this hypothesis. 2.Here, we re-analyze data from 16 experiments that have manipulated plant species richness in grassland ecosystems and examined the impact on aboveground biomass production over multiple time points. Using a new molecular phylogeny of the plant species used in these experiments, we quantified how the phylogenetic diversity of plants impacts average community biomass production as well as the stability of community biomass production through time. 3.Using four complementary analyses we show that, after statistically controlling for variation in species richness, phylogenetic diversity (the sum of branches in a molecular phylogenetic tree connecting all species in a community) is neither related to mean community biomass nor to the temporal stability of biomass. These results run counter to past claims. However, after controlling for species richness, phylogenetic diversity was positively related to variation in community biomass over time due to an increase in the variances of individual species, but this relationship was not strong enough to influence community stability. 4.In contrast to the non-significant relationships between phylogenetic diversity, biomass, and stability, our analyses show that species richness per se tends to increase the mean biomass production of plant communities, after controlling for phylogenetic diversity. The relationship between species richness and temporal variation in community biomass was either positive, non-significant or negative depending on which analysis was used. However, the increases in community biomass with species richness, independently of phylogenetic diversity, always led to increased stability. These results suggest that phylogenetic diversity is no better as a predictor of ecosystem functioning than species richness. 5.Synthesis. Our study on grasslands offers a cautionary tale when trying to relate phylogenetic diversity to ecosystem functioning suggesting that there may be ecologically important trait and functional variation among species that is not explained by phylogenetic relatedness. Our results fail to support the hypothesis that the conservation of evolutionarily distinct species would be more effective than the conservation of species richness as a way to maintain productive and stable communities under changing environmental conditions.
FIGURE 2 in Iguanian species-richness in the Andes of boreal Patagonia: Evidence for an additional new Liolaemus lizard from Argentina lacking precloacal glands (Iguania, Liolaeminae)
FIGURE 2. Male (a) and female (b) of Liolaemus tregenzai in life.
FIGURE 7 in Description of three new species of Labena Cresson from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae), with notes on tropical species richness
FIGURE 7. Phenology of L. tekalina.
FIGURE 8 in Description of three new species of Labena Cresson from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae), with notes on tropical species richness
FIGURE 8. Phenology of L. madoricola.
FIGURE 6 in Description of three new species of Labena Cresson from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae), with notes on tropical species richness
FIGURE 6. Phenology of L. littoralis.
FIGURE 1 in The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness
FIGURE 1. Hind wings of Epirhyssa spp.: A—E. cochabambae; B—E. braconoides.
FIGURE 9 in The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness
FIGURE 9. Country-level distribution and species richness of Epirhyssa species.
FIGURE 2 in Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Croatia: species richness, distribution and relationship to surrounding countries
FIGURE 2. Species richness of Croatian blackflies and genera and subgenera.
FIGURE 1 in Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Croatia: species richness, distribution and relationship to surrounding countries
FIGURE 1. Sampling sites of blackflies recorded from Croatia (See Table 1 for codes).
FIGURE 1 in The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with description of sixteen new species and notes on local species richness
FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peruvian Amazonia.
Fig. 2 in Species Richness Of Dung-Feeding Beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) In Tropical Rainforest At Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia
Fig. 2. Species accumulation graph for dungfeeding beetles collected by flight intercept trap.
Fig. 4. Species richness and Chao1 in Coleoptera Collected from Rotting Fishhook Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton and Rose), with a Review of Nearctic Coleoptera Associated with Succulent Necrosis
Fig. 4. Species richness and Chao1 richness estimator curves.
Fig. 1 in Altitudinal Distribution of Aquatic Beetles (Coleoptera) in Northern Tunisia: Relationship between Species Richness and Altitude
Fig. 1. Map of northern Tunisia showing the different sampling sites.
Рис. 3. Изменение виΑового богатства и таксономической структуры зонаΛьных фаун прямокрыΛых северных обΛастей УраΛа. Fig. 3. Changes in species richness and taxonomic structure of Orthoptera fauna of the Northern Ural. in Fauna and landscape-zonal distribution of Orthoptera in the Komi Republic (Russia)
Рис. 3. Изменение виΑового богатства и таксономической структуры зонаΛьных фаун прямокрыΛых северных обΛастей УраΛа. Fig. 3. Changes in species richness and taxonomic structure of Orthoptera fauna of the Northern Ural.
Figure 1 in Decapod abundance and species richness in the bycatch of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) fishery, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Figure 1. Studied region. The adjacent area from the Babitonga Bay, northern litoral of the Santa Catarina State, highlighting the sampled depths (source: Grabowski et al., 2014).
Supplementary material 2 from: Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J (2024) An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 239: 73-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563
Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on psbM-trnD and Bayesian inference
Figure 1 from: Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J (2024) An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 239: 73-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563
Figure 1 Some Garcinia New Caledonian species (except E from Fiji) and morphological features AG. balansae (Munzinger 4916), fruiting branch BG. balansae (Munzinger 4916), bark CG. sp. "JT814" (Munzinger 7282), habit DG. sp. "JT814" (Munzinger 7282), bark EG. vitiensis (Munzinger 7377), fruiting branch FG. neglecta (Munzinger 2690), fruit GG. comptonii (sin voucher), fruit.
Figure 3 from: Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J (2024) An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 239: 73-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563
Figure 3 Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on a combined chloroplast DNA dataset and Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support values (BS), obtained respectively by the Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, are indicated at each node of the cladogram. Nodes were collapsed when PP < 0.50. The lineages/sections discussed in the text are highlighted, and species names appear in colors depending on their native distribution areas: light green, Tropical Africa; dark green, Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean islands; grey, Southeast Asia; purple, Australia; orange, New Guinea; red, New Caledonia; dark blue, Southwest Pacific islands. Distribution information was taken from the Plants of the World Online website (POWO 2023; also see the table of vouchers). A few species occur in several regions, and the color of the main (largest) region was used. All accessions were newly sequenced in this study.
Supplementary material 1 from: Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J (2024) An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 239: 73-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563
List of taxa and accessions used in this study
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.