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1,316 results for “Trade”
Data from: The competition-dispersal trade-off exists in forbs but not in graminoids: a case study from multispecies alpine grassland communities
Much theoretical evidence has demonstrated that a trade-off between competitive and dispersal ability plays an important role in facilitating species coexistence. However, experimental evidence from natural communities is still rare. Here, we tested the competition-dispersal trade-off hypothesis in an alpine grassland in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China, by quantifying competitive and dispersal ability using a combination of 4 plant traits (seed mass, ramet mass, height, and dispersal mode). Our results show that the competition-dispersal trade-off exists in the alpine grassland community and that this pattern was primarily demonstrated by forbs. The results suggest that most forb species are constrained to be either good competitors or good dispersers but not both, while there was no significant trade-off between competitive and dispersal ability for most graminoids. This might occur because graminoids undergo clonal reproduction, which allows them to find more benign microenvironments, forage for nutrients across a large area and store resources in clonal structures, and they are thus not strictly limited by the particular resources at our study site. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the CD trade-off has been tested for plants across the whole life cycle in a natural multispecies plant community, and more comprehensive studies are still needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the linkage between the CD trade-off and community composition.
Data from: Trading heat and hops for water: dehydration effects on locomotor performance, thermal limits, and thermoregulatory behavior of a terrestrial toad
Due to their highly permeable skin and ectothermy, terrestrial amphibians are challenged by compromises between water balance and body temperature regulation. The way in which such compromises are accommodated, under a range of temperatures and dehydration levels, impacts importantly the behavior and ecology of amphibians. Thus, using the terrestrial toad Rhinella schneideri as a model organism, the goals of this study were twofold. First, we determined how the thermal sensitivity of a centrally relevant trait—locomotion—was affected by dehydration. Secondly, we examined the effects of the same levels of dehydration on thermal preference and thermal tolerance. As dehydration becomes more severe, the optimal temperature for locomotor performance was lowered and performance breadth narrower. Similarly, dehydration was accompanied by a decrease in the thermal tolerance range. Such a decrease was caused by both an increase in the critical minimal temperature and a decrease in the thermal maximal temperature, with the latter changing more markedly. In general, our results show that the negative effects of dehydration on behavioral performance and thermal tolerance are, at least partially, counteracted by concurrent adjustments in thermal preference. We discuss some of the potential implications of this observation for the conservation of anuran amphibians.
Data from: Do large-seeded herbs have a small range size? The seed mass-distribution range trade-off hypothesis
We aimed to introduce and test the "seed mass–distribution range trade-off" hypothesis, that is, that range size is negatively related to seed mass due to the generally better dispersal ability of smaller seeds. Studying the effects of environmental factors on the seed mass and range size of species, we also aimed to identify habitats where species may be at risk and need extra conservation effort to avoid local extinctions. We collected data for seed mass, global range size, and indicators for environmental factors of the habitat for 1,600 species of the Pannonian Ecoregion (Central Europe) from the literature. We tested the relationship between species' seed mass, range size, and indicator values for soil moisture, light intensity, and nutrient supply. We found that seed mass is negatively correlated with range size; thus, a seed mass–distribution range trade-off was validated based on the studied large species pool. We found increasing seed mass with decreasing light intensity and increasing nutrient availability, but decreasing seed mass with increasing soil moisture. Range size increased with increasing soil moisture and nutrient supply, but decreased with increasing light intensity. Our results supported the hypothesis that there is a trade-off between seed mass and distribution range. We found that species of habitats characterized by low soil moisture and nutrient values but high light intensity values have small range size. This emphasizes that species of dry, infertile habitats, such as dry grasslands, could be more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation or degradation than species of wet and fertile habitats. The remarkably high number of species and the use of global distribution range in our study support our understanding of global biogeographic processes and patterns that are essential in defining conservation priorities.
Data from: Are traded forest tree seeds a potential source of non-native pests?
The international seed trade is considered relatively safe from a phytosanitary point of view and is therefore less regulated than trade in other plants for planting. However, the pests carried by traded seeds are not well known. We assessed insects and fungi in 58 traded seed lots of eleven gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species from North America, Europe and Asia. Insects were detected by x-raying and molecular methods. The fungal community was characterised using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and by growing fungi on non-selective agar. About 30% of the seed lots contained insect larvae. Gymnosperms contained mostly hymenopteran (Megastigmus spp.) and dipteran (Cecidomyiidae) larvae, while angiosperms contained lepidopteran (Cydia latiferreana) and coleopteran (Curculio spp.) larvae. HTS indicated the presence of fungi in all seed lots and fungi grew on non-selective agar from 96% of the seed lots. Fungal abundance and diversity were much higher than insect diversity and abundance, especially in angiosperm seeds. Almost 50% of all fungal Exact Sequence Variants (ESVs) found in angiosperms were potential pathogens, in comparison with around 30% of potentially pathogenic ESVs found in gymnosperms. The results of this study indicate that seeds may pose a greater risk of pest introduction than previously believed or accounted for. A rapid risk assessment suggests that only a small number of species identified in this study is of phytosanitary concern. However, more research is needed to enable better risk assessment, especially to increase knowledge about the potential for transmission of fungi to seedlings and the host range and impact of identified species.
Supplementary data and Matlab code for China's HWP carbon balance assessment using Trade-Linked Approach
<p>The supplemtary data describe the fractions of the HWPs disposed of by each option in major countries/regions worldwide.</p> <p>The Matlab code is developed to produce the results of China's HWP carbon balance assessment using Trade-Linked Approach, an innovative generalizable approach for HWP carbon assessment.</p> <p>The data and code are free for academic use only.</p>
Data from: Genetic variations in the SNP rs850807 reflect a trade-off between autism and paranoia symptom expressions: a comment on Crespi et al. 2018
[No abstract entered]
Wildlife trade targets colourful birds and threatens the aesthetic value of nature
<p>Additional supplementary material (two figures, 1 table) to support findings of the paper "Wildlife trade targets colourful birds and threatens the aesthetic value of nature".</p>
Using a real-world network to model the trade-off between stay-at-home restriction, vaccination, social distancing and working hours on COVID-19 dynamics
<p>These datasets have been obtained through thousands of well-carried simulations by using the agent-based model based on a time-dynamic graph with stochastic transmission events. </p> <p>These simulations have been conducted on MATLAB 2019a.</p>
Replication Package for "Regulating Carry Trades: Evidence from Foreign Currency Borrowing of Corporations in India"
<p>This package contains replication files for "Regulating Carry Trades: Evidence from Foreign Currency Borrowing of Corporations in India" by Viral V. Acharya and Siddharth Vij, and published in the <em>Review of Economic Studies</em>. The accompanying readme document details data used and their sources as well as the code structure used to obtain the results in the main manuscript and online appendix.</p>
Data for Environmental and ecological drivers of eye size variation in a freshwater predator: a trade-off between foraging and predation risk
<p>CodeZenodo contains code for the final analysis included in the publication along with the code to generate figures. </p> <p>Envt_vars contains information about the lakes</p> <p>Fish_SI contains stable isotopes, eye size, and body length for each fish</p>
Architectural Tactics and Trade-Offs for Confidentiality
<p>The following files are available to provide material that demonstrates evidence from the experimental study and facilitates its replication:</p> <p>- Scenario MITM.pdf: This document describes the "Man in the Middle" scenario as a possible attack in a practical case involving designing and implementing a Cyber-Physical system (CPS). </p> <p>- Confidentiality Tactics.pdf: This is a catalog of tactics and trade-offs.</p> <p>- Experiment Results.xlsx: Document that specifies the experimental results in raw data (responses from each group), the Ground Truth, and the formulas used to calculate performance metrics.</p>
Fig. 2 in Collaborative monitoring of the ornamental trade of seahorses and pipefishes (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in Brazil: Bahia State as a case study
Fig. 2. Hippocampus reidi. Photo (inverted): Ary Amarante.
Replication package for: Trade Finance and the Durability of the Dollar
<p>Replication package for "Trade Finance and the Durability of the Dollar", Review of Economic Studies (forthcoming) by Ryan Chahrour and Rosen Valchev.</p> <p>This package contains replication code for the numerical results in the paper and replications files for the data analysis that appears in the associated Online Appendix.</p>
Figure 48 from: Mally R, Korycinska A, Agassiz DJL, Hall J, Hodgetts J, Nuss M (2015) Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZooKeys 472: 117-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781
Figure 48 - Distribution map of African Leucinodes species.
Figure 1 from: Sutton BD, Steck GJ, Norrbom AL, Rodriguez EJ, Srivastava P, Alvarado NN, Colque F, Landa EY, Sánchez JJL, Quisberth E, Peñaranda EA, Clavijo PAR, Alvarez-Baca JK, Zapata TG, Ponce P (2015) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) variation in the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Andean region. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6147
Figure 1 - Anastrepha fraterculus collection localities.
Figure 4 from: Sutton BD, Steck GJ, Norrbom AL, Rodriguez EJ, Srivastava P, Alvarado NN, Colque F, Landa EY, Sánchez JJL, Quisberth E, Peñaranda EA, Clavijo PAR, Alvarez-Baca JK, Zapata TG, Ponce P (2015) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) variation in the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Andean region. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6147
Figure 4 - Geographical distribution of Andean Anastrepha fraterculus ITS1 sequence types.
Figure 6 from: De Meyer M, Delatte H, Ekesi S, Jordaens K, Kalinová B, Manrakhan A, Mwatawala M, Steck G, Van Cann J, Vaníčková L, Břízová R, Virgilio M (2015) An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 405-427. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.10046
Figure 6 - Geographical distribution of Ceratitis anonae.
Figure 4 from: De Meyer M, Delatte H, Ekesi S, Jordaens K, Kalinová B, Manrakhan A, Mwatawala M, Steck G, Van Cann J, Vaníčková L, Břízová R, Virgilio M (2015) An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 405-427. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.10046
Figure 4 - Mid leg of male Ceratitis fasciventris, anterior view (photo I.M. White, NHM).
Figure 3 from: De Meyer M, Delatte H, Ekesi S, Jordaens K, Kalinová B, Manrakhan A, Mwatawala M, Steck G, Van Cann J, Vaníčková L, Břízová R, Virgilio M (2015) An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 405-427. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.10046
Figure 3 - Mid leg of male Ceratitis rosa, anterior view (photo I.M. White, NHM).
Figure 4 from: Mwatawala M, Virgilio M, Joseph J, De Meyer M (2015) Niche partitioning among two Ceratitis rosa morphotypes and other Ceratitis pest species (Diptera, Tephritidae) along an altitudinal transect in Central Tanzania. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 429-442. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6016
Figure 4 - Catches of Ceratitis rosa morphotypes along the transect (EGO lure).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.