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FIG. 2 in The wide ranging genus Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio-Pliocene of the Old World

FIG. 2. — The early and mid-Pliocene Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 distribution: A, during early and mid-Pliocene times (◇) the genus Eucyon had a wide distribution across Eurasia. The very late record of the genus (○, late Pliocene/middle Villafranchian) seems to be limited to central Asia and to the more arid areas of eastern Eurasia (Turkey, North Africa); B, the typical Pliocene species from Europe E. adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15), cast of skull (approximate length 18 cm) and mandible (reversed) RSS-45 (Basel Naturhistorisches Museum);C, E. davisi (Merriam, 1911) from Hsia Kou (Yushe basin, China; Pliocene), cast of skull (approximate length 15 cm) F:AM-97056 (American Museum of Natural History, New York); D, E. zhoui Tedford & Qiu, 1996 from Chao Chuang (Yushe basin, China; Pliocene), cast of skull (reversed) and mandibular ramus (approximate length of mandibular ramus 10 cm) F:AM-97048 (American Museum of Natural History, New York).

FIG. 3 in The wide ranging genus Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio-Pliocene of the Old World

FIG. 3. — Eucyon adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15): A, type specimen RSS 45, approximate length of the skull 18 cm; B, skull and mandible reconstruction based on type specimen RSS 45; C, reconstruction of principal jaw- abductor muscles positioned on the reconstructed skull; D, life appearance of the head.

FIG. 1 in The wide ranging genus Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio-Pliocene of the Old World

FIG. 1. — The latest Miocene Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 dispersal: A, oldest record of E. davisi (Merriam, 1911) is from Early Hemphillian localities in the western North America (●). The genus quickly expands its record to east in the central and south eastern North America, where it is a common element in late Hemphillian local faunas (□). The late Miocene (MN 12-13 in the European mammal biochronology; ○ locations correspond to time of transcontinental dispersal of the genus, across the Beringia, towards Asia, Europe, and Africa; B, type specimen of E. davisi, right M1-2 in occlusal view (M1 length measures about 10 mm) from Rattlesnake creek, early Hemphillian, Oregon (UCMP545; Earth Sciences Dept., University of Florence); C, D, E. monticinensis (Rook, 1992) left M1 in lingual (C) and occlusal (D) views (M1 length about 17 mm) from Monticino Quarry near Brisighella (BRS27/6; Earth Sciences Dept., University of Florence); E, the figure is completed by a reconstructed scene of a group of adult Eucyon moving eastward in a late Miocene Central Asia grassland scenario. The artistic scene aims to ideally represent the dispersal of the genus Eucyon from North America to the Old World during the latest Miocene.

FIG. 3 in The Neogene cercopithecids (Mammalia, Primates) of Greece

FIG. 3. — Mandibular remains of Mesopithecus pentelicus Wagner, 1839 from Pikermi (PIK), Attica, Greece: A-C, male mandible, AM- PG-PIK-1b; D-F, female mandible, MNHN-PIK-03; G-I, male mandible, NHMW-PIK-1998z-01; A, D, G, occlusal views; B, E, H, right ramus; C, F, I, external symphysis. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 9 in The Neogene cercopithecids (Mammalia, Primates) of Greece

FIG. 9. — Mandibular remains of Mesopithecus Wagner, 1839 from the localities of Chomateres (CHO), Attica, Greece and Perivolaki (PER), Thessaly, Greece: A-D, M. pentelicus Wagner, 1839, male mandible, NHMW-CHO-1623/1a, right ramus (A), left ramus (B), external symphysis (C) and occlusal view (D); E-G, M. delsoni/pentelicus, female mandible, LGPUT-PER-200, occlusal view (E), left ramus (F) and external symphysis (G); H, I, same, left male mandibular ramus, LGPUT-PER-1284, external (H) and occlusal (I) views. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 7 in The Neogene cercopithecids (Mammalia, Primates) of Greece

FIG. 7. — Cranial and mandibular remains of Mesopithecus Wagner, 1839 from the localities of Dytiko (DTK, DIT, DKO), Axios Valley, Macedonia, Greece: A, B, M. aff. pentelicus, male skull, LGPUT-DKO-38, occlusal (A) and facial (B) views; C, D, same, partial mandible, LGPUT-DKO-38, right ramus (C) and occlusal views (D); E, F, M. cf. monspessulanus, partial mandible, LGPUT-DIT-22, occlusal view (E) and left ramus (F).

FIG. 2 in The Neogene cercopithecids (Mammalia, Primates) of Greece

FIG. 2. — Cranial and maxillary remains of Mesopithecus pentelicus Wagner, 1839 from Pikermi (PIK), Attica, Greece: A, male skull associated with the mandible, NHMW-PIK-A.4714; B, female skull, AMPG-PIK-2; C, male skull, MNHN-PIK-14; D, male facial region, NHML-PIK-M.8947; E, male maxilla, NHML-PIK-M.8946; F, female maxilla, NHML-PIK-M.8948. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 6 in The Neogene cercopithecids (Mammalia, Primates) of Greece

FIG. 6. — Cranial and mandibular remains of Mesopithecus delsoni/pentelicus from Vathylakkos-2 (VTK), Axios Valley, Macedonia, Greece: A, B, young male skull, LGPUT-VTK-78, facial (A) and occlusal (B) views; C, D, young male mandible, LGPUT-VTK-78, occlusal (C) and right ramus (D) views; E-G, female mandible, LGPUT-VTK-62, occlusal view (E), right ramus (F) and external symphysis (G). Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 5. — A in Contribution to the systematics and phylogeny of Bouvrain, 1982 (Mammalia, Bovidae)

FIG. 5. — A, One of the 32 most parsimonious trees with length 38, ECI: 0.60 that is preferred here. A delayed transformation scenario has been chosen for characters Oc and Bo2 (see text). Character changes supporting nodes 1-6 are: Node 1 = *Hc4(1), *Pe(1) and obviously Hc7(1); Node 2 = Hc3(1), Hc7(2), Hc8(1); Node 3 = Hc9(1), Hc10(1), Oc(1), Bo1(2), Bo2(1); Node 4 = Hc3(0), *Hc4(0), Hc7(1), Hc8(0); Node 5 = *Hc2(1), *Hc1(1), Bo2(1), Oc(1), Cr(1); Node 6 = *Hc1(2), *Hc5(1), *Hc11(1), Bo1(1), *Su(1). Unambiguous character changes supporting the same nodes on both trees are marked with an asterisk. Characters supporting terminal taxa are all the same in the favored and most parsimonious trees except for Cr(1). Character coding as in Figure 4. Numbers in squares represent % values of bootstrapping support with 1000 pseudoreplicates; B, Distribution of cladogram lengths. Abbreviations: P., Prostr., Prostrepsiceros; h., houtumschindleri.

FIG. 3 in Contribution to the systematics and phylogeny of Bouvrain, 1982 (Mammalia, Bovidae)

FIG. 3. — Scatter diagram comparing the horn-core basal dimensions of several late Miocene spiral-horned antelopes. Prostepsiceros libycus Lehman & Thomas, 1987 is placed outside the present metrical frame; ●, P. vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 holotype; ○, P. vallesiensis RP1 114n, 115n; ◆, Dytikodorcas longicornis Bouvrain & Bonis, 2007; ■, P. vinayaki (Pilgrim, 1939) holotype; □, P. aff. vinayaki Baynunah; ▲, P. vallesiensis M. Sinap Loc. 40; ▲, Prostrepsiceros sp. M. Sinap Loc. 91; △, P. aff. vallesiensis Middle Sinap. Abbreviations: APD, anteroposterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter.

FIG. 2 in Contribution to the systematics and phylogeny of Bouvrain, 1982 (Mammalia, Bovidae)

FIG. 2. — Prostepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982 from RPl: A, B, C, lateral; D, posterior views. Scale bar: 4 cm.

FIG. 1 in Contribution to the systematics and phylogeny of Bouvrain, 1982 (Mammalia, Bovidae)

FIG. 1. — Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis Bouvrain, 1982, holotype skull RPl234: A, dorsal; B, lateral; C, occipital; D, ventral views. Scale bar: 4 cm.

FIG. 74 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 74. — Comparaison des défenses inférieures de Archaeobelodon filholi (Frick, 1933) (A) de Sansan (Astaracien) et Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (B, C) de Villefranche d'Astarac (Astaracien), en vue dorsale: A, i1 g. MNHN.F.SA2947; B, i1 g. MNHN.F.VAS34; C, i1 dr. MNHN.F.VAS1). Clichés D. Serrette (MNHN). Échelle: 4 cm.

FIG. 76 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 76. — Archaeobelodon filholi (Frick, 1933), Sansan, Astaracien: A, hémimandibule droite MNHN.F.SA2861 avec dp2-dp3 en éruption, vue occlusale; B, idem, interprétation de la dp3. Cliché D. Serrette (MNHN); dessin D. Visset (UPMC). Échelle: 1 cm.

FIG. 63. — Occlusion des P3-P4-M1 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 63. — Occlusion des P3-P4-M1/p3-p4-m1 dr. de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817), MNHN.F.SEP218 (même individu que Fig. 62), vue vestibulaire. Dessin: D. Visset (UPMC). Échelle: 2 cm.

FIG. 56. — Histogramme des longueurs des m3 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 56. — Histogramme des longueurs des m3 de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817), En Péjouan, Astaracien, regroupées dans un intervalle de 6 mm (longueurs estimées des molaires usées incluses).

FIG. 58. — m3 g in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 58. — m3 g. de la mandibule femelle MNHN.F.SEP187 de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817), En Péjouan, Astaracien (même individu que Fig. 18), vue occlusale. Dessin: D. Visset (UPMC). Échelle: 2 cm.

FIG. 54 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 54. — Hémimandibule droite MNHN.F.SEP303 de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817), En Péjouan, Astaracien: A, alvéole de m1, m2-m3, vue occlusale; B, interprétation de m2, vue occlusale.Cliché: D. Serrette (MNHN); dessin: D. Visset (UPMC). Figure 54B reproduite de Tassy & GÖhlich 2012. Échelle: 2 cm.

FIG. 66 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 66. — Occlusion de M3/m3 gauches de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817), définie à partir du crâne MNHN.F.SEP38 et de la mandibule SEP187 (même individu) (voir Fig. 58): A, M3 g. vue radiculaire (en transparence); B, m3 g. vue occlusale; C, M3 et m3 en occlusion (phase correspondant au stade B de la Fig. 64). En trait épais: molaire inférieure. Dessin: D. Visset (UPMC). Échelle: 2 cm.

FIG. 67 in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)

FIG. 67. — Occlusion de M2-M3/m2-m3 g. de Zygolophodon turicensis (Schinz, 1824), définie à partir de l'individu MNHN.F.SML501, Malartic, Astaracien. Dessin: D. Visset (UPMC). Échelle: 2 cm.