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FIGURE 17 in The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970

FIGURE 17. Photographs and drawings of six distal caudal vertebrae, sequence 3, in right lateral view (a–b), and seven distal caudal vertebrae, sequence 4, in left lateral view (c–d). Abbreviations: prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process. Scale bar for (a–b) = 5 cm; (c–d) = 6 cm.

FIGURE 9 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 9. Key apomorphic characters of Austrocheirus isasii. Metacarpal III of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (A), Ceratosaurus nasicornis (B), and Austrocheirus isasii (C). Distal tibia of Dilophosaurus wehterilli (D), Velocisaurus uniqus (E), Austrocheirus isasii (F), and Majungasaurus (G). Character 104 (1): poor development of the metacarpal III flexor fossa, Character 106 (1): metacarpal III with dorsal margin of the distal articular condyles protruded directly above the collateral ligament pits. Character 107 (1): asymmetric distal condyles of metacarpal III. Character 115 (1): tibia with the scar of the ascending process of the astragalus bearing a vertical ridge. Character 116 (1) distal end of the tibia with a vertical astragalar facet. Not to scale. (A based on UCMP 37302; B based on USNM 4735; C and F based on MPM-PV 10003; D based on UCMP 77270; E based on MUCPv 41; G based on Carrano 2007).

FIGURE 8 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 8. Strict consensus tree depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Austrocheirus isasii among ceratosaurian theropods. Numbers separated by a backslash are bootstrap frequencies (resampling analysis carried on with 5000 replications), absolute frequencies on the left and frequency differences (GC) on the right. Isolated numbers at each node are decay indexes. Abbreviations: Abeli, Abelisauroidea; Aver, Averostra.

FIGURE 7 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 7. Internal structure of metacarpal III of Austrocheirus isasii. High-resolution photograph of the cortical bone and part of the spongy bone on the lateroventral corner of the shaft. The arrows indicate LAGs. Abbreviations: cb, cortical bone; EFS, external fundamental system; hdo, high density of osteons; ldo, low density of osteons; sb, spongy bone; t, trabecula. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 6. Caudal vertebrae of Austrocheirus isasii. Neural arches in posterior (A, D, G), ventral (B, E, H), left lateral (C, F), and right lateral (I) views. Centra in anterior/posterior (J, K) and side (L) views. Abbreviations: mn, median notch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis. Scale bars equal 2 cm.

FIGURE 4 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 4. Distal end of left tibia of Austrocheirus isasii in anterior (A, B), lateral (C), posterior (D), medial (E), proximal (F), and distal (G) views. Abbreviations: asap, anterior surface for the reception of the ascending process of the astragalus; fap, facet for the reception of the ascending process of the astragalus; ldp, lateral distal process; mdp, medial distal process; mvr, median vertical ridge; ob, oblique ridge. Scale bar equals 5 cm.

FIGURE 3 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 3. Manual elements of Austrocheirus isasii. Metacarpal III in medial (A), lateral (B), dorsal (C, D), ventral (E), proximal (F), and distal (G) views. Proximal phalanx of digit III in medial (H, I), lateral (J), distal (K), and ventral (L) views. Abbreviations: af, articular facet for metacarpal II; ctf, collateral tendinal fossa; dlp, dorsal ligament pit; ldc, lateral distal condyle; mdc, medial distal condyle; mig, median intercondylar groove; paf, proximal articular facet; pdm, projected dorsal margin. Scale bar equals 2 cm for A–G and 1 cm for H–L.

FIGURE 2 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 2. Unique combination of features of Austrocheirus isasii compared with other basal theropods. Metacarpals III in lateral views of Austrocheirus (A), Dilophosaurus (B), and Allosaurus (C); tibiae in distal views of Austrocheirus (D), Berberosaurus (E), Velocisaurus (F), and Masiakasaurus (G); metatarsals III in medial views of Austrocheirus (H) and Masiakasaurus (I); and pedal phalanges in side views of Austrocheirus (J), Elaphrosaurus (K), Velocisaurus (L), and Majungasaurus (M). Note the presence of the following autapomorphies in Austrocheirus: metacarpal III with a posteriorly tapering shaft and a posteriorly diplaced collateral fossa (A–C); pedal phalanges with a dorsal tubercle above the collateral fossa (J–M). Abbreviations: adr, absence of dorsal ridge; ccf, centrally located collateral fossa; ccpl, concave posterolateral margin; cvpl, convex posterolateral margin; dr, dorsal ridge; hs, dorsoventrally homogeneous shaft; lt, large tuber; pdf, proximally displaced collateral fossa; pts, proximally tapering shaft; st, small tuber. Not to scale. (B based on UCMP 37302; C based on Madsen 1976; E based on Allain et al. 2007; F, L based on MUCPv 41; G, I based on Carrano et al. 2002; K based on MB unnumbered; M based on Carrano 2007).

FIGURE 5 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 5. Pedal elements of Austrocheirus isasii. Left metatarsal III in medial (A), lateral (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D), proximal (G), and distal (H) views. Metatarsal II in cross-section (E) and ventral (F) views. Several pedal phalanges in side (I–K, M) and distal (L) views. Abbreviations: as, articular surface; ctf, collateral tendinal fossa; dlp, dorsal ligament pit; dr, dorsal ridge; mig, median intercondylar groove; vt, ventral tuber. Scale bars equal 5 cm for A–H and 1 cm for I– M.

FIGURE 1 in An abelisauroid dinosaur with a non-atrophied manus from the Late Cretaceous Pari Aike Formation of southern Patagonia

FIGURE 1. Map of the locality in the Pari Aike Formation that has yielded the holotype of Austrocheirus isasii (modified from Novas et al. 2005). The large black bone indicates the Hoyada Arroyo Seco locality and provenance of Austrocheirus and the small grey bone depicts the provenance of Talenkauen and Orkoraptor.

FIGURE 10 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 10. Pedal ungual phalanx of Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986 (ML1190) in lateral (A) and ventral (palmar) (B), and proximal views (C). Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIGURE 9 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 9. Right calcaneum of Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986 (ML1190) in anterior (A), medial (B), proximal (C), and lateral (D) views. Abbreviations: ast.fa, astragalar facet; fib.fa, fibular facet; tib.fa, tibial facet. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIGURE 8 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 8. Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986 (ML1190). A–C, right scapula in lateral (A), posterior (B), and medial (C) views. D–G, right pubis in anterior (D), lateral (E), posterior (F), and medial (G) views. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIGURE 7 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 7. Dorsal ribs (ML1190) of Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986 in proximal (A), anterior (B, E), posterior (C, G), medial (D), lateral (F), and cross sectional (H) views. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIGURE 6 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 6. Caudal vertebrae (ML1190) of Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986. A–F, most anterior caudal vertebra (A) to more posterior vertebrae. Abbreviations: Ant./Post., anterior and posterior views; Lat.L., left lateral view; Lat. R, right lateral view. Note perforation in the lateral side of centrum D, probably due to tooth mark from a large predator or scavenger. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIGURE 4 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 4. Left dentary (ML1190) of Baryonyx walkeri in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C), medial (D), and anterior (E) views. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIGURE 5 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 5. Posterior dorsal vertebral neural arch (ML1190) of Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986 in lateral (A) and posterior views (B). Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIGURE 3 in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 3. Tooth (ML1190) of Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986. Isolated tooth (A) with detailed inset of the vertical flutes (B), wrinkled enamel (C), denticles (D), and carina (E, F) Scale bars: 1 cm (A) and 0.5 cm (C–E).

FIGURE 2. Geology and stratigraphy context. A in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 2. Geology and stratigraphy context. A, Stratigraphic log at Praia das Aguncheiras; B, Cretaceous geological formations at Espichel Cape (based on Manuppella 1994); C, Lisbon and Tagus Valley Mesozoic sedimentary rocks based on Liñán, 2001; D, Portuguese Mesozoic sedimentary rocks based on Liñán, 2001. Abbreviations: C2Ga, Galé Formation; C1Ro, Rodízio Formation; C1Cr, Cresmina Formation; C1Re, Regatão Formation; C1HB, Ladeiras, Rochadouro, Areia do Mastro, Papo-Seco and Boca do Chapim Formations; C1Ma, Maceira marls and reefal limestones; C1GL, Vale de Lobos and Guia grés, mudstones and limestones; C1Ca - Mudstones and sandstones of Porto da Calada Fm.

FIGURE 1. A in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus

FIGURE 1. A, Tooth of possible Baryonychinae indet. (NHM R36536), holotype of the nomen dubium Suchosaurus cultridens (Owen, 1840–45). Scale bar: 2 cm; B, Jaw and teeth of Baryonychinae indet., possibly referable to Baryonyx walkeri (MG324), holotype specimen of the nomen dubium Suchosaurus girardi Sauvage, 1897–1898. Scale bar: 10 cm.