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FIGURE 2 in A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia Macropodoidea)
FIGURE 2. Features of the oral region of representative genera of the Cloacininae. A. Anterior extremity of buccal capsules of Thallostonema lichtenfelsi Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); B. Monilonema ochetocephalum Beveridge (Macropostrongylinea); C. Alocostoma propinquum Beveridge (Macropostrongylinea); D. Macroponema comani Mawson (Macropostrongylinea); E. Rugopharynx rosemariae Beveridge & Presidente (Pharyngostrongylinea); Apical views of the mouth opening: F. Cyclostrongylus kartana (Mawson) (Pharyngostrongylinea); G. Woodwardostrongylus petrogale Beveridge (Pharyngostrongylinea); H. Papillostrongylus labiatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 (Coronostrongylinea); I. Zoniolaimus mawsonae Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); J. Wallabinema thylogale Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); K. Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson (Pharyngostrongylinea); L. Popovastrongylus pearsoni (Johnston & Mawson) (Coronostrongylinea); M. Dorcopsistrongylus ewini Purwaningsih & Smales (Pharyngostrongylinea); N. Tethystrongylus coronatus Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); O. Thallostonema lichtenfelsi Beveridge (Zoniolaiminea); P. Labiostrongylus labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone (Labiostrongylinea); Q. Dorcopsinema simile Smales (Labiostrongylinea). Figures redrawn from Beveridge, 1982 (E, F, K); Beveridge, 1983 (A, J, N, O); Beveridge, 1986a (D, H); Beveridge, 1986b (L); Beveridge, 1986c (C); Beveridge, 1986d (B); Beveridge, 1998a (G); Huby-Chilton et al., 2002 (I); Purwaningsih & Smales, 2010 (M); Smales, 1994 (P); Smales, 1999 (Q).
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
The Gonorynchiformes are the sister lineage of the species-rich Otophysi and provide important insights into the diversification of ostariophysan fishes. Phylogenies of gonorynchiforms inferred using morphological characters and mtDNA gene sequences provide differing resolutions with regard to the sister lineage of all other gonorynchiforms (Chanos vs. Gonorynchus) and support for monophyly of the two miniaturized lineages Cromeria and Grasseichthys. In this study the phylogeny and divergence times of gonorynchiforms are investigated with DNA sequences sampled from nine nuclear genes and a published morphological character matrix. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses reveal substantial congruence among individual gene trees with inferences from eight genes placing Gonorynchus as the sister lineage to all other gonorynchiforms. Seven gene trees resolve Cromeria and Grasseichthys as a clade, supporting previous inferences using morphological characters. Phylogenies resulting from either concatenating the nuclear genes, performing a multispecies coalescent species tree analysis, or combining the morphological and nuclear gene DNA sequences resolve Gonorynchus as the living sister lineage of all other gonorynchiforms, strongly support the monophyly of Cromeria and Grasseichthys, and resolve a clade containing Parakneria, Cromeria, and Grasseichthys. The morphological dataset, which includes 13 gonorynchiform fossil taxa that range in age from Early Cretaceous to Eocene, was analyzed in combination with DNA sequences from the nine nuclear genes and a relaxed molecular clock to estimate times of evolutionary divergence. This "tip dating" strategy accommodates uncertainty in the phylogenetic resolution of fossil taxa that provide calibration information in the relaxed molecular clock analysis. The estimated age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of living gonorynchiforms is slightly older than estimates from previous node dating efforts, but the molecular tip dating estimated ages of Kneriinae (Kneria, Parakneria, Cromeria, and Grasseichthys) and the two paedomorphic lineages, Cromeria and Grasseichthys, are considerably younger.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships within the lizard clade Xantusiidae: using trees and divergence times to address evolutionary questions at multiple levels
Xantusiidae (night lizards) is a clade of small-bodied, cryptic lizards endemic to the New World. The clade is characterized by several features that would benefit from interpretation in a phylogenetic context, including: (1) monophyletic status of extant taxa Cricosaura, Lepidophyma, and Xantusia; (2) a species endemic to Cuba (Cricosaura typica) of disputed age; (3) origins of the parthenogenetic species of Lepidophyma; (4) pronounced micro-habitat differences accompanied by distinct morphologies in both Xantusia and Lepidophyma; and (5) placement of Xantusia riversiana, the only vertebrate species endemic to the California Channel Islands, which is highly divergent from its mainland relatives. This study incorporates extensive new character data from multiple gene regions to investigate the phylogeny of Xantusiidae using the most comprehensive taxonomic sampling available to date. Parsimony and partitioned Bayesian analyses of more than 7 kb of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from 11 loci all confirm that Xantusiidae is monophyletic, and comprises three well-supported clades: Cricosaura, Xantusia, and Lepidophyma. The Cuban endemic Cricosaura typica is well supported as the sister to all other xantusiids. Estimates of divergence time indicate that Cricosaura diverged from the (Lepidophyma + Xantusia) clade ∼81 million years ago (Ma), a time frame consistent with the separation of the Antilles from North America. Our results also confirm and extend an earlier study suggesting that parthenogenesis has arisen at least twice within Lepidophyma without hybridization, that rock-crevice ecomorphs evolved numerous times (>9) within Xantusia and Lepidophyma, and that the large-bodied Channel Island endemic X. riversiana is a distinct, early lineage that may form the sister group to the small-bodied congeners of the mainland.
Data from: The Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae, Justicieae) revisited: phylogenetic relationships reveal polyphyly of many new world genera accompanied by rampant evolution of floral morphology
Molecular data confirm monophyly of the Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae, Justicieae), a group of nearly 200 species, ca. 75% from the New World (NW) and the remainder from Asia or Africa. Compared to our earlier work, > 50% more in-group taxa were sampled (nearly 2/3 of known taxa now sampled) and added ~20% more sequence data. We time-calibrate the phylogeny using primary fossil evidence and the larger context of a calibrated phylogeny for Acanthaceae. Many aspects of relationship are strongly supported but uncertainty remains about a number of phylogenetically isolated taxa (e.g., African Angkalanthus, Chorisochora; NW Ancistranthus) and some aspects of relationships among clades remain weakly supported. The group originated in the OW and began diversifying about 11.5 Ma. A single dispersal event to the NW occurred about 8.3 Ma, likely from Africa to southwestern North America. A number of major clades, particularly in the NW, are less than 5 Ma old and species in many clades are substantially younger. Several NW clades – even those with <10 species – comprise species that are markedly heterogeneous in floral traits likely reflecting selection by pollinators. Many NW genera are not monophyletic, which is not surprising given that floral traits have been relied upon taxonomically. Diversification rate analysis revealed no significant shifts resulting in a gradual increase in number of lineages with time. The Tetramerium lineage is now phylogenetically well characterized but remains enigmatic from the perspective of morphological evidence for many aspects of relationships. The lineage is usefully thought of as a 'clade complex': as a species complex is of morphologically confusing species, a 'clade complex' is of clades that are not well characterized morphologically.
Data from: Influence of introgression and geological processes on phylogenetic relationships of western North American mountain suckers (Pantosteus, Catostomidae)
Intense geological activity caused major topographic changes in Western North America over the past 15 million years. Major rivers here are composites of different ancient rivers, resulting in isolation and mixing episodes between river basins over time. This history influenced the diversification of most of the aquatic fauna. The genus Pantosteus is one of several clades centered in this tectonically active region. The eight recognized Pantosteus species are widespread and common across southwestern Canada, western USA and into northern Mexico. They are typically found in medium gradient, middle-elevation reaches of rivers over rocky substrates. This study (1) compares molecular data with morphological and paleontological data for proposed species of Pantosteus, (2) tests hypotheses of their monophyly, (3) uses these data for phylogenetic inferences of sister-group relationships, and (4) estimates timing of divergence events of identified lineages. Using 8055 base pairs from mitochondrial DNA protein coding genes, Pantosteus and Catostomus are reciprocally monophyletic, in contrast with morphological data. The only exception to a monophyletic Pantosteus is P. columbianus whose mtDNA is closely aligned with C. tahoensis because of introgression. Within Pantosteus, several species have deep genetic divergences among allopatric sister lineages, several of which are diagnosed and elevated to species, bringing the total diversity in the group to 11 species. Conflicting molecular and morphological data may be resolved when patterns of divergence are shown to be correlated with sympatry and evidence of introgression.
Data from: Species richness and patterns of overdispersion, clustering and randomness shape phylogenetic and functional diversity-area relationships in habitat islands
<p><b>Aim:</b> To evaluate how the area of habitat island systems influences multiple facets of diversity. </p> <p><b>Location:</b> Southern Brazil. </p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Birds. </p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Using an Information Theoretic approach, we compared the fit of 20 diversity–area relationship (DARs) models in three habitat island systems. We tested for the best-fit model, model-family, shape, and presence/absence of an asymptote. We used species richness (SR), Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) and Faith's functional diversity (FD) to assess species–area (SARs), phylogenetic (PDARs) and functional diversity–area relationships (FDARs). We controlled for the effect of SR in PD and FD via null models to assess PDARs and FDARs independently of SR and to explore the influence of phylogenetic and functional randomness, clustering and overdispersion. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> PDARs and FDARs built with PD and FD resembled SARs and were all best fitted by convex or sigmoidal, upwards oriented, non-asymptotic models. Controlling for SR in diversity indices produced flat or downwards-oriented, weak PDARs and FDARs, which were best fitted by convex, non-asymptotic models or the linear model. Taxonomic diversity accumulated faster with area than functional diversity, which accumulated faster than phylogenetic diversity. Randomness and clustering patterns prevailed in shaping PDARs and FDARs relative to overdispersion. </p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>Controlling for SR in PD and FD affects DARs patterns and the strength of the relationships. Irrespective of this influence of SR, a few simple models of the power and exponential model-families best fit DARs. Model parameters reveal differences in the response of each facet of diversity to increases in area, highlighting the complementary nature of DARs. When considered independently of SR, both PDAR and FDAR patterns largely reflect the broad variation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in small islands. It is therefore likely that the ecological processes that promote phylogenetic and functional overdispersion and clustering operate at contrasting spatial scales.</p>
Data from: Phylogenetic reconstruction of the myrrh genus, Commiphora (Burseraceae), reveals multiple radiations in Madagascar and clarifies infrageneric relationships
Commiphora (Burseraceae) is the most species-rich genus in the frankincense and myrrh family, whose widespread and often remote distribution in seasonally dry tropical forests globally has impeded efforts to resolve its taxonomy and investigate its systematic biology. Here we focus on establishing the origin and evolution of Commiphora species native to Madagascar, all of which are endemic. Recent work has uncovered 16 new Malagasy species, bringing the total number of island endemic species to 44 and comprising nearly 25% of the genus. Previous phylogenetic studies of Commiphora have indicated that Malagasy lineages immigrated to and radiated within the island twice. We test this biogeographic hypothesis more thoroughly using a nearly comprehensive sampling of species from Madagascar, an expanded sampling of Commiphora species native to other regions, and a greater depth of DNA sequence data from the nuclear (nrETS, nrITS) and chloroplast (psbA-trnH, ndhF-rpl32, and trnD—trnT) genomes. Results from this expanded phylogenetic analysis include strong support for seven infrageneric clades within a monophyletic Commiphora, which we refer to as the 'Lasiodisca,' 'Granulifera,' 'Saxicola,' 'Gariepensis,' 'Spinescens,' 'Arafy,' and 'Rhynchocarpa' clades. Malagasy species comprise four distantly related lineages, including one species sister to all other Commiphora species (C. lasiodisca), the species-rich 'Arafy,' and 'Rhynchocarpa' clades, and one species embedded within the predominantly East African 'Spinescens' clade (C. simplicifolia). We describe the morphological and geographic affinities of each infrageneric and Malagasy lineage and identify priorities for future systematic study of the genus.
Data from: Phylogenetic and morphological relationships between nonvolant small mammals reveal assembly processes at different spatial scales
The relative roles of historical processes, environmental filtering, and ecological interactions in the organization of species assemblages vary depending on the spatial scale. We evaluated the phylogenetic and morphological relationships between species and individuals (i.e., inter- and intraspecific variability) of Neotropical nonvolant small mammals coexisting in grassland-forest ecotones, in landscapes and in regions, that is, three different scales. We used a phylogenetic tree to infer evolutionary relationships, and morphological traits as indicators of performance and niche similarities between species and individuals. Subsequently, we applied phylogenetic and morphologic indexes of diversity and distance between species to evaluate small mammal assemblage structures on the three scales. The results indicated a repulsion pattern near forest edges, showing that phylogenetically similar species coexisted less often than expected by chance. The strategies for niche differentiation might explain the phylogenetic repulsion observed at the edge. Phylogenetic and morphological clustering in the grassland and at the forest interior indicated the coexistence of closely related and ecologically similar species and individuals. Coexistence patterns were similar whether species-trait values or individual values were used. At the landscape and regional scales, assemblages showed a predominant pattern of phylogenetic and morphological clustering. Environmental filters influenced the coexistence patterns at three scales, showing the importance of phylogenetically conserved ecological tolerances in enabling taxa co-occurrence. Evidence of phylogenetic repulsion in one region indicated that other processes beyond environmental filtering are important for community assembly at broad scales. Finally, ecological interactions and environmental filtering seemed important at the local scale, while environmental filtering and historical colonization seemed important for community assembly at broader scales.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships of the Early Miocene diving and flightless duck Cayaoa bruneti (Aves, Anatidae) from Patagonia: homology or convergence?
Cayaoa bruneti, coming from the early Miocene of Gaiman Formation (Chubut, Argentina) is interpreted as one of the earliest examples of diving behaviour and the earliest example of flight loss within Anseriformes, being also the only known diving duck from South America. Herein is presented the first phylogeny of Anatidae with Cayaoa bruneti. It was made by the methodology of parsimony and by using characters previously defined by other authors, redefined in the present work as well as new characters. The phylogenetic analysis using all the characters and without considering the information contributed by analyses using molecular characters puts Cayaoa bruneti as part of a single radiation of diving ducks within Anatinae, as sister group to the Erismaturinae. Analyzing the different bones as different partitions show that the humerus and femur have the most effect, while the skull characters result in groupings closer to those seen in analyses with molecular characters. When making the analysis with a molecular backbone for the topology, Cayaoa bruneti arises as a basal branch within the Erismaturinae. These results make Cayaoa bruneti an independent and early example of the recurring evolution of flightlessness in large marine Anatidae.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships of Iranian Allium sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS, cpDNA rps16 and trnL–F sequences
Allium is a particularly species rich (more than 800 species) and economically important genus, with numerous taxonomic problems at all levels of classification. In this study, we try to uncover the phylogenetic relationships in the common leek (A. ampeloprasum) based on selected samples of this species and its putative relatives in sect. Allium from Iran. The silica-dried leaf samples of 56 accessions representing 23 species of Allium were sequenced for this study, 53 sequences of nrDNA ITS, 35 sequences of plastid rps16 and 52 sequences of trnL-F were generated and several accessions were extracted from GenBank in order to cover all recognized main lineages in the genus. Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference generated similar trees, but the placement of A. ampeloprasum and its relatives differs slightly in the nuclear versus plastid datasets. In the nrITS tree A. ampeloprasum is retrieved in a highly supported clade with A. iranicum, while in the combined plastid tree A. ampeloprasum formed a highly supported clade with A. vineale. This supports the hypothesis of a possible hybrid origin of A. ampeloprasum. Allium iranicum formed a clade in the plastid tree, but was resolved as paraphyletic in the nrITS tree, probably due to presence of multiple non-concerted copies of nrITS. Close relationships are suggested between following species: A. aznavense and A. wendelboi with A. talyschense, A. erubescens and A. rotundum with A. scorodoprasum, and A. abbasii with A. phanerantherum.
Data from: The phylogenetic relationship of geographically separated "Flectonotus" (Anura: Hemiphractidae), as revealed by molecular, behavioral, and morphological data
Phylogenetic analyses of data derived from one mitochondrial gene and one nuclear gene show that the five species of small marsupial frogs currently recognized as Flectonotus are in fact two distinct and not closely related lineages. This conclusion is strongly supported by reproductive behavior and morphological characters. Thus, we recognize the genus Fritziana Mello-Leitão for the three species in southeastern Brazil and Flectonotus Miranda-Ribeiro for the two species in northern South America.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships of Trachylepis skink species from Madagascar and the Seychelles (Squamata: Scincidae)
Lizards of the genus Trachylepis are a species-rich group of skinks mainly inhabiting Africa, Madagascar, and several other islands in the western Indian Ocean. All except one probably introduced species of Madagascan Trachylepis are endemic. Two species groups have been distinguished on the basis of subocular scale shape but their phylogenetic relationships remained unclear. We inferred a multilocus phylogeny of the Madagascan Trachylepis species, based on a concatenated dataset of 3261 bp from 3 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear genes with a dense Madagascan taxon sampling and find high support for the monophyly of the endemic Madagascan Trachylepis. The two species groups in Madagascar are highly supported as clades. The highland species T. boettgeri is nested in the T. aureopunctata species group of mainly arid-adapted species, suggesting a colonization of highland swamps by ancestors inhabiting dry western Madagascar. The Seychellois species were sister to the T. maculilabris/T. comorensis clade, suggesting their origin directly out of Africa as with Seychellois chameleons. In Madagascar, a high intraspecific molecular variation was confirmed for T. gravenhorstii, T. elegans, and T. vato, indicating a need for taxonomic revision.
Data from: A multilocus perspective on phylogenetic relationships in the Namib darkling beetle genus Onymacris (Tenebrionidae)
Tenebrionid beetles, common constituent faunae of arid ecosystems worldwide, are particularly abundant in Africa's Namib and Kalahari deserts. Within this region, flightless, diurnal members of the tribe Adesmiini are among the more intensively studied of all desert beetles, especially with regard to ecology. Much of this research centers on Onymacris, a psammophilous genus largely endemic to the Namib. Here we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis conducted for Onymacris, emphasizing relationships among other adesmiines. Our multilocus phylogeny identifies a strongly supported clade containing Onymacris and two other genera, Eustolopus and Physadesmia—an assemblage recovered in earlier morphological analyses. However, Onymacris is not monophyletic; rather, we demonstrate its paraphyly with respect to the genus Physadesmia, identified as the sister taxon to the white-bodied species of Onymacris. In turn, the Physadesmia-'white' Onymacris clade is the sister group to the remaining (black-bodied) Onymacris. Non-monophyly of 'black' versus 'white' Onymacris is corroborated by distribution patterns and nodal age estimates, which suggest separate origins in different dune systems.
FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 22 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 22 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis (500 replicates) of D2/D3 regions. A heuristic search was conducted using maximum parsimony analysis (PAUP). Note that the four species with hornlike structures (S. abbasi, S. bicornutum, S. ceratophorum, S. riobrave) comprise a monophyletic group. The numbers represent bootstrap proportions.
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships between 15 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships between 15 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis (500 replicates) of ITS regions. Note that the four species with hornlike structures (S. abbasi, S. bicornutum, S. ceratophorum, S. riobrave) form a monophyletic group. The numbers represent bootstrap proportions.
FIGURE 32 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURE 32. Phylogenetic position of Crozetia based on morphology. Characterstates 1 21 are as discussed by Currie and Grimaldi (2000); characterstates 22 24 are also from Currie & Grimaldi (loc. cit.), but are reoptimized in view of discussion in text.
FIGURE 31 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURE 31. Histogram of frequency of larval head widths showing probable instars of Crozetia seguyi. Outliers to the extreme right Cr. crozetensis last instar.
FIGURES 1112. Crozetia female adult pretarsal claws and basal tooth. 11 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 1112. Crozetia female adult pretarsal claws and basal tooth. 11. Cr. crozetensis. 12. Cr. seguyi. Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
FIGURES 2027. Crozetia larval structures. 20 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 2027. Crozetia larval structures. 20. Cr. crozetensis, LM of last instar larval hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 21. Cr. seguyi, SEM of last instar larval hypostoma. Image foreshortened see Fig 23. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 22. Cr. crozetensis, LM of last instar larval hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 23. Cr. seguyi, LM of last instar larval hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 24. Cr. crozetensis, LM of abdomen, last instar larvae. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 25. Cr. seguyi, LM of abdomen, last instar larvae. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 26. Cr. crozetensis, last instar, anal sclerites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 27. Cr. seguyi, last instar, anal sclerites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 710. Crozetia adult genitalia. 7 in Crozetia Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae): redescription of Cr. crozetensis, Cr. seguyi, number of larval instars, phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography
FIGURES 710. Crozetia adult genitalia. 7. Cr. crozetensis, male, ventral (left), and lateral views (right) of ventral plate and gonostylus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Cr. seguyi, male. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Cr. crozetensis, female, ventral view, insert lateral view of anal lobe and cercus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 10. Cr. seguyi, female. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: adm aedeagal membrane; anlb anal lobe; anm anal membrane; c cercus; gc gonocoxa; gs gonostylus; hypv hypogynial valve; p paramere; spm spermatheca; vp ventral plate.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.