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Genetic diversity and structure of wild Vaccinium populations - V. myrtillus, V.vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum in the Baltic States
<p>V. myrtillus L., V. vitis-idaea L. and V. uliginosum L. belong to the genus Vaccinium. These wild species are widely distributed and ecologically important within the Baltic countries but they have not been extensively studied using molecular markers. EST-SSR and cpSSR markers were used to investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of these species to obtain information useful for the development of in situ conservation strategies for these species.</p> <p>Wild Vaccinium species populations are moderately genetically differentiated, with some populations more highly differentiated, but without higher order clustering of groups of populations, indicating that there are no dispersal barriers for these species within the Baltic countries. Genetic diversity of populations growing in protected areas, managed forests and intensively utilised public recreational areas is similar.</p>
Figure 6 from: Domer TC, Burks RA, Krogmann L, Heraty JM (2020) Patching up the past one fossil at a time: A new genus and species of Eulophidae from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55899
Figure 6 Strict consensus of two of most parsimonious trees based on morphology. Voucher specimens were chosen from those used in ongoing anchored enrichment molecular analyses. Some taxa were added for better coverage of Tetrastichinae. Unambiguous character state changes are plotted with bars.
Figure 3 from: Domer TC, Burks RA, Krogmann L, Heraty JM (2020) Patching up the past one fossil at a time: A new genus and species of Eulophidae from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55899
Figure 3 A–F. AKressleinius celans gen. et sp. nov. holotype female, mesosoma, lateral, tps = transepimeral sulcus BAprostocetus hibus, mesosoma, lateral, syn = syntergum CCirrospilus cinctithorax, mesosoma lateral DPnigalio coloni, mesosoma, lateral EAprostocetus hibus, mesosoma dorsal smg = submarginal grooves FNesolynx sp., mesosoma, dorsal.
Figure 2 from: Domer TC, Burks RA, Krogmann L, Heraty JM (2020) Patching up the past one fossil at a time: A new genus and species of Eulophidae from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55899
Figure 2 A–E. AKressleinius celans gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, fore wing venation, pmv = postmarginal vein, ams = admarginal setae, sms = submarginal vein setae B, CPeckelachertus sp.: B fore wing C habitus DNesolynx sp. habitus EQuadrastichodella sp., habitus.
Figure 1 from: Domer TC, Burks RA, Krogmann L, Heraty JM (2020) Patching up the past one fossil at a time: A new genus and species of Eulophidae from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55899
Figure 1 A–F.Kressleinius celans gen. et sp. nov., holotype female (SMNS BB-2847) A habitus B habitus, dorsal view, not = notaulus C body, ventral view, pl1 = propleuron D antenna, ocs = ocellar triangle sulcus E mesosoma, lateral, pre = prepectus, tps = transepimeral sulcus F mesosoma, oblique lateral, axl = axillula, pcs = propodeal callus setae, pet = petiole.
Figure 5 from: Domer TC, Burks RA, Krogmann L, Heraty JM (2020) Patching up the past one fossil at a time: A new genus and species of Eulophidae from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55899
Figure 5 A–D. ASympiesis cf. conica, head, tfs = transfacial sulcus, scs = scrobal sulcus BCrataepus marbis, head, oos = occellar ocular sulcus, ocs = occellar triangle sulcus, uos = upper ocular sulcus CZagrammosoma americanum, mesosoma lateral, pcs = propodeal callus setae DFoersterella erdoesi, mesosoma, lateral.
Figure 4 from: Domer TC, Burks RA, Krogmann L, Heraty JM (2020) Patching up the past one fossil at a time: A new genus and species of Eulophidae from Eocene Baltic Amber (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55899
Figure 4 A–F. AQuadrastichodella sp., head. F1 = first funicular segment C1 = first clavomere BSympiesis cf. conica, head CBurkseus vittatus, head DNaumanniola sp. head EAprostocetus hibus, mesosoma lateral pcs = propodeal callus setae FDicladocerus westwoodii, mesosoma lateral.
FIGURE 1 in A new Symphoromyia in the Middle Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Rhagionidae)
FIGURE 1. Symphoromyia clerci sp. nov., holotype MNHN.F.A71322. Habitus. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
Community weighted mean traits of multi-trophic communities in the Baltic Sea
<p>The dataset contains the time-series of community weighted mean traits of four organism groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fish) in three different areas of the Baltic Sea and the associated R code to make the figures as in Pecuchet et al. <em>Ecography </em></p>
Data from: Evidence for adaptive phenotypic differentiation in Baltic Sea sticklebacks
The evidence for adaptive phenotypic differentiation in mobile marine species remains scarce, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining quantitative genetic data to demonstrate the genetic basis of the observed phenotypic differentiation. Using a combination of phenotypic and molecular genetic approaches, we elucidated the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift in explaining lateral plate number differentiation in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across the entire Baltic Sea basin (ca. 392 000 km2). We found that phenotypic differentiation (PST = 0.213) in plate number exceeded that in neutral markers (FST = 0.008), suggesting an adaptive basis for the observed differentiation. Since a close correspondence was found between plate phenotype and genotype at a QTL (STN381) tightly linked to the gene (Ectodysplasin) underlying plate variation, the evidence for adaptive differentiation was confirmed by comparison of FST at the QTL (FSTQ = 0.089) with FST at neutral marker loci. Hence, the results provide a comprehensive demonstration of adaptive phenotypic differentiation in a high gene flow marine environment with direct, rather than inferred, verification for the genetic basis of this differentiation. In general, the results illustrate the utility of PST – FST – FSTQ comparisons in uncovering footprints of natural selection and evolution, and add to the growing evidence for adaptive genetic differentiation in high-gene flow marine environments, including that of the relatively young Baltic Sea.
Data from: Local adaptation and oceanographic connectivity patterns explain genetic differentiation of a marine diatom across the North Sea-Baltic Sea salinity gradient
Drivers of population genetic structure are still poorly understood in marine micro-organisms. We exploited the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition for investigating the seascape genetics of a marine diatom, Skeletonema marinoi. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were analysed in 354 individuals from ten locations to analyse population structure of the species along a 1500-km-long salinity gradient ranging from 3 to 30 psu. To test for salinity adaptation, salinity reaction norms were determined for sets of strains originating from three different salinity regimes of the gradient. Modelled oceanographic connectivity was compared to directional relative migration by correlation analyses to examine oceanographic drivers. Population genetic analyses showed distinct genetic divergence of a low-salinity Baltic Sea population and a high-salinity North Sea population, coinciding with the most evident physical dispersal barrier in the area, the Danish Straits. Baltic Sea populations displayed reduced genetic diversity compared to North Sea populations. Growth optima of low salinity isolates were significantly lower than those of strains from higher native salinities, indicating local salinity adaptation. Although the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition was identified as a barrier to gene flow, migration between Baltic Sea and North Sea populations occurred. However, the presence of differentiated neutral markers on each side of the transition zone suggests that migrants are maladapted. It is concluded that local salinity adaptation, supported by oceanographic connectivity patterns creating an asymmetric migration pattern between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, determines genetic differentiation patterns in the transition zone.
Data from: Baltic pipefish females need twice as many males as they get
Sex role reversal in 2 pipefish species, Syngnathus typhle and Nerophis ophidion, is potentially explained by females reproducing twice as fast as males. Moreover, in oceanic populations from the Swedish west coast, females compete for males with males preferring to mate with larger females. However, in a brackish Baltic population of S. typhle, males do not prefer larger mates, whereas choosiness remains in the local N. ophidion population. We explore whether this absence of male choice in brackish S. typhle can be explained by males and females having more similar potential reproductive rates here, whereas the sex difference may remain in the local N. ophidion population. Contrary to our expectations, in both species, females out-reproduced males by a factor of more than 2, just as in the oceanic populations. We measured this experimentally as the number of males a female potentially could fill with eggs within the time span of 1 male pregnancy, in relation to males available in nature. Thus, we conclude that sexual selection on females is as strong in brackish as in oceanic populations of both species but that targets of selection via male choice are shifted to traits other than body size in S. typhle. Hence, costs and benefits of choice are probably more important than potential reproductive rates to understand mate choice. We suggest that it may be misleading to use targets of sexual selection, such as choice for large body size, as an indicator of the strength of sexual selection.
Spatial genetic structure in a crustacean herbivore highlights the need for local considerations in Baltic Sea biodiversity management
<p>Incorporating species' eco-evolutionary responses to human-caused disturbances remains a challenge in marine management efforts. A prerequisite is knowledge of geographic structure and scale of genetic diversity and connectivity - the so-called seascape genetic patterns. The Baltic Sea is an excellent model system for studies linking seascape genetics with effects of anthropogenic stress. However, seascape genetic patterns in this area are only described for a few species and are completely unknown for invertebrate herbivores, which constitute a critical part of the ecosystem. This information is crucial for sustainable management, particularly under future scenarios of rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure among 31 locations throughout the Baltic Sea, of which 45 % were located in marine protected areas, in one of the most important herbivores of this region, the isopod crustacean <i>Idotea balthica</i>, using an array of 33,774 genome-wide SNP markers derived from 2b-RAD sequencing. In addition, we generate a biophysical connectivity matrix for <i>I. balthica</i> from a combination of oceanographic current models and estimated life history traits. We find population structure on scales of hundreds of kilometers across the Baltic Sea, where genomic patterns in most cases closely match biophysical connectivity, indicating passive transport with oceanographic currents as an important mean of dispersal in this species. We also find a reduced genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosity along the main salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea, suggesting periods of low population size. Our results provide crucial information for management of a key ecosystem species under expected changes in temperature and salinity following global climate change in a marine coastal area.</p>
LaGG-5 3rd GvIAP, Baltic Fleet
Pilot - Cpt.Georgy Dmitrievich Kostylev, Leningrad 1943 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 13. Carmenelectra shechisme, gen.n in Review of the Tertiary microbombyliids Diptera: Mythicomyiidae in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Dominican amber
FIGURE 13. Carmenelectra shechisme, gen.n., sp.n., wing (specimen BH672/1).
FIGURE 12. Carmenelectra shechisme, gen.n in Review of the Tertiary microbombyliids Diptera: Mythicomyiidae in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Dominican amber
FIGURE 12. Carmenelectra shechisme, gen.n., sp.n., habitus (specimen BH-672/1).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of brown lacewing (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Eocene Baltic amber
FIGURE 2. Forewing venation drawing of Sympherobius siriae sp. nov. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
FIGURES 4–5 in Dieneremia rueckeri, a new genus and species of minute brown scavenger beetle from Baltic amber, with notes on other fossil Latridiidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea)
FIGURES 4–5. Dieneremia rueckeri gen. et sp. nov., holotype. 4, dorsal habitus; 5, ventral habitus.
FIGURE 8 in Family Panorpodidae (Insecta, Mecoptera) from Baltic amber (upper Eocene): new species, redescription and palaeogeographic remarks of relict scorpionflies
FIGURE 8. Panorpodes hageni, forewing of holotype.
FIGURE 6 in Family Panorpodidae (Insecta, Mecoptera) from Baltic amber (upper Eocene): new species, redescription and palaeogeographic remarks of relict scorpionflies
FIGURE 6. Female abdomen of Panorpodes brevicauda: A, photograph; B, latero-ventral view.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.