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2,214 results for “Walls”
FIG. 4 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 4. — This male of hemippe or Syrian wild ass, Equus hemionus hemippus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855, was photographed by Frederick York in London zoo c. 1872 (from Edwards 1996).
FIG. 25 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 25. — Detail of the vault decoration of the Qasr al-Amra tepidarium illustrating a greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus, 1758 (from Vibert-Guigue & Bisheh 2007).
FIG. 3 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 3. — Detail of the onager hunt on the western wall of the great hall (photo by Fabio Vianello).
Data from: The most efficient metazoan swimmer creates a 'virtual wall' to enhance performance
<p>It has been well documented that animals (and machines) swimming or flying near a solid boundary get a boost in performance. This ground effect is often modeled as an interaction between a mirrored pair of vortices represented by a true vortex and an opposite sign 'virtual vortex' on the other side of the wall. However, most animals do not swim near solid surfaces and thus near body vortex-vortex interactions in open-water swimmers have been poorly investigated. In this study we examine the most energetically efficient metazoan swimmer known to date, the jellyfish Aurelia aurita, to elucidate the role that vortex interactions can play in animals that swim away from solid boundaries. We used high speed video tracking, laser-based digital particle image velocimetry (dPIV) and an algorithm for extracting pressure fields from flow velocity vectors to quantify swimming performance and the effect of near body vortex-vortex interactions. Here we show that a vortex ring (stopping vortex), created underneath the animal during the previous swim cycle, is critical for increasing propulsive performance. This well positioned stopping vortex acts in the same way as a virtual vortex during wall-effect performance enhancement, by helping converge fluid at the underside of the propulsive surface and generating significantly higher pressures which result in greater thrust. These findings advocate that jellyfish can generate a wall-effect boost in open water by creating what amounts to a 'virtual wall' between two real, opposite sign vortex rings. This explains the significant propulsive advantage jellyfish possess over other metazoans and represents important implications for bio-engineered propulsion systems.</p>
Data from: Dispersion, sedimentation, and aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as affected by single and binary mixed surfactants
Two commonly used dispersants octyl phenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were employed to explore the effects of single or mixed surfactants on the dispersion, sedimentation, and aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Nonionic surfactant TX100 showed much superior capability to anionic surfactant SDS in dispersing MWCNTs due to the benzene ring structure in its tail group. The addition of SDS reduced the adsorption of TX100 on the surface of MWCNTs and the consequent suspension of MWCNTs. The dispersing ability of TX100-SDS binary mixture was between those of individual SDS and TX100. The introduction of SDS greatly retarded the sedimentation and aggregation of suspended MWCNTs. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values of suspended MWCNTs dispersed by TX100 (2000 mg/L), SDS (2000 mg/L), and TX100-SDS (2000 mg/L of each component) were 48.6, 398, and 324 mM, respectively, for the Na+ treatments. The CCC values were much lower for Ca2+ treatments, which were 30.4 and 32.1 mM, respectively, for MWCNT dispersed by TX100 and TX100-SDS mixture. Overall, these results demonstrated that although the introduction of SDS did not improve the ability of TX100 in suspending MWCNTs, the suspensions exhibited more stable properties than those dispersed by TX100 alone. Our findings have important implications on the design of surfactant mixtures and the prediction on the behavior and fate of MWCNTs in water environment.
Data from: Low reversed cyclic loading tests for integrated precast structure of lightweight wall with single-row reinforcement under a lightweight steel frame
Given the development of precast structures for low-rise residential buildings, this study explores a new structure—namely, an integrated precast structure of lightweight recycled-concrete wall with single-row reinforcement—under a lightweight steel frame filled with recycled concrete (integrated precast structure for short). The lightweight steel frame and lightweight wall cooperate to bear the forces. The applied concealed bracing, either a rebar bracing or a steel plate bracing, increases the shear resistance of the wall. The lightweight steel frame is designed to bear the vertical loading, whereas the seismic load in the horizontal direction is jointly borne by the frame and wall. This study presents the results of low reversed cyclic loading tests on nine specimens of integrated precast structures. An analysis is then carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of the specimens; based on these results, a formula for the force-bearing performance of the inclined section is developed. The results show satisfactory performance as an integrated piece; the proposed structure has two seismic lines of defence, with the lightweight wall restraint by the side frame being the first line and the steel frame being the second line. Because the failure of the wall can be categorised as shear failure, the restraint of the lightweight steel frame significantly reduces the potential damage of the wall. As the beams and columns of the steel frame tend to bend against failure, the wall filling helps resist sliding. Therefore, the reinforced joints of the connecting beams and columns show no visible signs of damage, indicating that the connection between the beams and columns is reliable. The narrow spacing of rebars and the setting of concealed bracing contribute to the increase in ductility and energy efficiency and the evident reduction in the failure process. Furthermore, the recycled concrete increases the seismic resistance of the structure.
Data from: ABCG transporters are required for suberin and pollen wall extracellular barriers in Arabidopsis
Effective regulation of water balance in plants requires localized extracellular barriers that control water and solute movement. We describe a clade of five Arabidopsis thaliana ABCG half-transporters that are required for synthesis of an effective suberin barrier in roots and seed coats (ABCG2, ABCG6, and ABCG20) and for synthesis of an intact pollen wall (ABCG1 and ABCG16). Seed coats of abcg2 abcg6 abcg20 triple mutant plants had increased permeability to tetrazolium red and decreased suberin content. The root system of triple mutant plants was more permeable to water and salts in a zone complementary to that affected by the Casparian strip. Suberin of mutant roots and seed coats had distorted lamellar structure and reduced proportions of aliphatic components. Root wax from the mutant was deficient in alkylhydroxycinnamate esters. These mutant plants also had few lateral roots and precocious secondary growth in primary roots. abcg1 abcg16 double mutants defective in the other two members of the clade had pollen with defects in the nexine layer of the tapetum-derived exine pollen wall and in the pollen-derived intine layer. Mutant pollen collapsed at the time of anther desiccation. These mutants reveal transport requirements for barrier synthesis as well as physiological and developmental consequences of barrier deficiency.
Data from: High-performance single-walled carbon nanotube transparent conducting film fabricated by using low feeding rate of ethanol solution
We report floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for high performance transparent conducting films (TCFs) using low feeding rate of precursor solution. Herein, ethanol acts as carbon source, ferrocene and thiophene as catalyst precursor and growth promoter, respectively. By adopting a low feeding rate of 4 μl/min, the fabricated TCFs present one of the lowest sheet resistances of ca. 78 ohm/sq. at 90% transmittance. Optical characterizations demonstrate that the mean diameter of high quality SWCNTs is up to 2 nm. Additionally, electron microcopy observations provide the evidences that the mean length of SWCNT bundles is as long as 28.4 μm while the mean bundle diameter is only 5.3 nm. Moreover, very few CNT loops can be found in the film. Remarkably, the fraction of individual SWCNTs climbs up to 24.6%. All those morphology data account for the superior optoelectronic performance of our SWCNT TCFs.
Data from: Quantification and statistical analysis methods for vessel wall components from stained images with Masson's trichrome
Purpose: To develop a digital image processing method to quantify structural components (smooth muscle fibers and extracellular matrix) in the vessel wall stained with Masson's trichrome, and a statistical method suitable for small sample sizes to analyze the results previously obtained. Methods: The quantification method comprises two stages. The pre-processing stage improves tissue image appearance and the vessel wall area is delimited. In the feature extraction stage, the vessel wall components are segmented by grouping pixels with a similar color. The area of each component is calculated by normalizing the number of pixels of each group by the vessel wall area. Statistical analyses are implemented by permutation tests, based on resampling without replacement from the set of the observed data to obtain a sampling distribution of an estimator. The implementation can be parallelized on a multicore machine to reduce execution time. Results: The methods have been tested on 48 vessel wall samples of the internal saphenous vein stained with Masson's trichrome. The results show that the segmented areas are consistent with the perception of a team of doctors and demonstrate good correlation between the expert judgments and the measured parameters for evaluating vessel wall changes. Conclusion: The proposed methodology offers a powerful tool to quantify some components of the vessel wall. It is more objective, sensitive and accurate than the biochemical and qualitative methods traditionally used. The permutation tests are suitable statistical techniques to analyze the numerical measurements obtained when the underlying assumptions of the other statistical techniques are not met.
Data from: Association of extracellular dNTP utilization with a GmPAP1-like protein in cell wall proteomic analysis of soybean roots
Plant root cell walls are dynamic systems that serve as the first plant compartment responsive to soil conditions, such as phosphorus (P) deficiency. To date, evidence for the regulation of root cell wall proteins by P deficiency remains sparse. In order to facilitate understanding of roles played by soybean (Glycine max) root cell wall proteins (CWPs) in adaptation to P deficiency, iTRAQ proteomic analysis was conducted. A total of 53 CWPs with differential accumulation in response to P deficiency were identified. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis correlated the accumulation of 21 of 27 up-regulated proteins, and 8 of 26 down-regulated proteins with corresponding gene expression patterns in response to P deficiency. One up-regulated CWP, the purple acid phosphatase 1-like (GmPAP1-like), was functionally characterized. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) transgenic hairy roots overexpressing GmPAP1-like displayed increased root associated acid phosphatase activity. Plus, relative growth and P content were significantly enhanced in GmPAP1-like overexpression lines compared to control lines when dNTP was applied as the sole external P source. Taken together, it suggests that modulation of cell wall proteins possibly regulates complex root system changes in response to P deficiency, and that the cell wall localized GmPAP1-like protein is involved in extracellular dNTP utilization in soybean.
Data from: Cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density of hemp shiv
This paper, for the first time, fully characterises the intrinsic physical parameters of hemp shiv including cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed microstructural features similar to hardwoods. Confocal Microscopy revealed three major layers in the cell wall: middle lamella, primary cell wall and secondary cell wall. Computed tomography improved the visualisation of pore shape and pore connectivity in three dimensions. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed the average accessible porosity was 76.67 ± 2.03 % and pore size classes could be distinguished into micropores (3-10 nm) and macropores (0.1-1 µm and 20-80 µm). The absolute density was evaluated by helium pycnometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Archimedes' methods. The results show that these methods can lead to misinterpretation of absolute density. The MIP method showed a realistic absolute density (1.45 g/cm3) consistent with the density of the known constituents: including lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. However, helium pycnometry and Archimedes' methods gave falsely low values due to 10% of the volume being inaccessible pores, which require sample pretreatment in order to be filled by liquid or gas. This indicates that the determination of the cell wall density is strongly dependent on sample geometry and preparation.
Data from: Hodge decomposition of wall shear stress vector fields characterizing biological flows
A discrete boundary-sensitive Hodge decomposition is proposed as a central tool for the analysis of wall shear stress (WSS) vector fields in aortic blood flows. The method is based on novel results for the smooth and discrete Hodge-Morrey-Friedrichs decomposition on manifolds with boundary and subdivides the WSS vector field into five components: gradient (curl-free), co-gradient (divergence-free), and three harmonic fields induced from the boundary, which are called the center, Neumann and Dirichlet fields. First, an analysis of WSS in several simulated simplified phantom geometries (duct and idealized aorta) was performed in order to understand the impact of the five components. It was shown that the decomposition is able to distinguish harmonic blood flow arising from the inlet from harmonic circulations induced by the interior topology of the geometry. Finally, a comparative analysis of 11 patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) before and after treatment as well as 10 controls patient was done. The study shows a significant difference between the CoA patients and the healthy controls before and after the treatment. This means a global difference between aortic shapes of diseased and healthy subjects, thus leading to a new type of WSS-based analysis and classification of pathological and physiological blood flow.
Valeriana repens Wall. (BR0000010833049)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Valeriana repens Wall. (BR0000010833735)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Free India Wall Temple
Texture 4096 x 4096 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Great Wall China (model 1)
60 pictures from Mavicpro. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Wall Relief
Wall relief carved from travertine designed by Alimoğlu. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Stone wall of Tottori castle ruins
📍 [久松公園, 鳥取市, 鳥取県](https://scaniver.se/L35.50775,134.23817) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 5 in Revalidation of Natrix clerki Wall, 1925, an overlooked species in the genus Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Squamata: Natricidae)
FIGURE 5. Amphiesma clerki (Wall, 1925), live specimen AP 3. Photograph by Ashok Captain.
FIGURE 7 in Revalidation of Natrix clerki Wall, 1925, an overlooked species in the genus Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Squamata: Natricidae)
FIGURE 7. Map showing the known distributions of A. parallelum (triangles) and A. clerki (dots).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.