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Fig. 2 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 2. Linguatula nuttali female specimen collected from Panthera leo (A to C) and female nymph collected from African buffalo (D to H). A) High magnification of the cuticular annulation. Cuticle taken from near the anterior end. Bottom of annulus has "scales" and a single row of pores across the middle of the annulus. B) Anterior hook and fulcrum. C) Posterior hook and fulcrum. D) Ventral view of the anterior end. E) Magnified view of the buccal cadre and hooks. F) Buccal cadre. G. Anterior hook. H. Posterior hook.

Fig. 4 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph #7–2 from African buffalo: A) ventral view of the anterior end of the parasite showing the mouth, hooks (including dorsal accessory pieces (and magnified view of the tip of the dorsal accessory piece in the white square at the bottom right of 4A)), sensillae (the white squares at the top of the image); B) view of the outline of the buccal capsule with the oral papilla; C) magnified view of the oral papilla; D) right anterior hook and dorsal accessory piece (arrow) with magnified view of the tip of the latter shown in the white square box; E) dorsal accessory piece of the left anterior hook; F) arrangement of the first row of the annular spines located between the posterior hooks; G) pores and annular spines in mid body region (ventral); H) tips of the annular spines; I) oblique/lateral view of the posterior end of the parasite; J) full view of the parasite.

Fig. 5 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy of the nymph #7–5 from African buffalo: A) full view of the parasite; B) ventral view of the anterior end of the parasite showing the mouth, hooks, sensillae (the squares at the top of the image) and the sensory papilla (white square); C) mouth; D to G) right anterior, right posterior, left anterior and left posterior dorsal accessory pieces, respectively; H) arrangement of the first rows of the annular spines located between the posterior hooks; I) annular spines on the anterior ventral region; J) tips of the annular spines; K) rows of annular spines (mid-body region); L) pores and annular spines in mid body region (ventral); M) pores and annular spine in posterior region (ventral); N) posterior end of the parasite (ventral view).

Fig. 8 in Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa

Fig. 8. Phylogenetic analysis of Cox1 and 18sRNA sequences for Linguatula spp., with Armillifer agkistrodontis as an outgroup for Cox1 (a) and 18sRNA (b) sequences, respectively. Bayesian posterior probabilities values are indicated on the branches.

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Figure 5 in Merrifieldia arenbergeri - new species of plume moths (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) from the Republic of South Africa

Figure 5. Merrifieldia arenbergeri Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. Female genitalia (Paratype, ZISP, gen. pr.

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Figure 4 in Merrifieldia arenbergeri - new species of plume moths (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) from the Republic of South Africa

Figure 4. Merrifieldia arenbergeri Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. Male genitalia (Holotype, gen.pr. Nr. 1979).

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Figure 3 in Merrifieldia arenbergeri - new species of plume moths (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) from the Republic of South Africa

Figure 3. Merrifieldia arenbergeri Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. Adult (Holotype, male, ZISP).

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Fig. 1. Pelomedusa galeata from the Ratelfontein farm near Calvinia observed directly after rainfall, 16 February 2019 in Mind the gap-Is the distribution range of Pelomedusa galeata really disjunct in western South Africa?

Fig. 1. Pelomedusa galeata from the Ratelfontein farm near Calvinia observed directly after rainfall, 16 February 2019. For the location of the farm, see Fig. 2 (locality 1). Photos: C.A. van Niekerk.

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Fig. 2 in Mind the gap-Is the distribution range of Pelomedusa galeata really disjunct in western South Africa?

Fig. 2. Distribution range of Helmeted Terrapins (shaded in grey), with our records of Pelomedusa galeata in South Africa (white circles). New records of P. galeata in or close to the putative distribution gap: 1 – Nineteen turtles at Ratelfontein farm, near Calvinia (16 February 2019), 2 – Observations of locals at Williston, 3 – Near Carnarvon (shell, collected 25 October 2018), 4 – One terrapin near Beaufort West (4 March 2017), 5 – Two terrapins near Griekwastad (28 October 2018). Inset: Pelomedusa galeata from the Ratelfontein farm. Photo: C.A. van Niekerk.

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Fig. 1 in Book Review The Dangerous Snakes of Africa

Fig. 1. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Authors: Stephen Spawls and Bill Branch. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Published 4 August 2020.

Fig. 4 in The neglected diversity: Description and molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma haploblephari Yeld and Smit, 2006 from endemic catsharks (Scyliorhinidae) in South Africa, the first trypanosome sequence data from sharks globally

Fig. 4. Bayesian Inference (BI)/Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis showing the phylogenetic position of Trypanosoma haploblephari (Yeld and Smit, 2006) genotypes representing morphotypes A and B inferred from partial 18S rRNA gene sequences. Comparative sequences representing known Trypanosoma species, with Trypanosoma avium (KT728402) as outgroup, were obtained from GenBank. Tree topologies for both the BI and ML trees were identical; the nodal support values (BI/ML) are represented on the BI tree. Some branches have been shortened with each //= 0.04 substitutions per site.

Fig. 3 in The neglected diversity: Description and molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma haploblephari Yeld and Smit, 2006 from endemic catsharks (Scyliorhinidae) in South Africa, the first trypanosome sequence data from sharks globally

Fig. 3. Micrographs of Trypanosoma haploblephari (Yeld and Smit, 2006) morphotype A (A–C) and T. haploblephari morphotype B (D–F) in Giemsa-stained blood films of Haploblepharus pictus and Poroderma pantherinum, respectively. Blood stage with kinetoplast (k) and undulating membrane (μm) visible (A–C); slender forms (B, E); presence of a flagellum (f) in deeply stained individuals (C, F). Scale bar: 10 μm.

Fig. 2 in Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Chelon richardsonii (Smith, 1846) (Mugilidae) from Table Bay, South Africa

Fig. 2. Light micrographs of the attachment hooks of Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. A. The haptoral central hook complex of hamuli, and ventral bar. B. Hamulus. C. Marginal hook. Scale Bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 1 in Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Chelon richardsonii (Smith, 1846) (Mugilidae) from Table Bay, South Africa

Fig. 1. Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. A. The haptoral central hook complex of hamuli (ham), dorsal (db) and ventral (vb) bars. B. Hamulus. C. Ventral bar (vb) which for this species bears large ventral bar processes (vbp) and a rhomboid-shaped ventral bar membrane (vbm). D. Male copulatory organ bearing a single principal spine (ps) and then a single row of four small spines, the outer two larger than the central pair. E. Marginal hook. Scale Bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 3 in Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Chelon richardsonii (Smith, 1846) (Mugilidae) from Table Bay, South Africa

Fig. 3. Comparison of the marginal hook sickle of Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. (dotted outline) with those of Gyrodactylus species described from various mullet species and with a number of closely related species. Each pair of marginal hook sickles are aligned by their inner curved faces. A. G. molweni sp. n.; B. G. arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933 (drawn from a scanning electron micrograph of liberated hooks from specimens parasitizing Gasterosteus aculeatus L.); C. G. arcuatoides Huyse, Malmberg and Volckaert, 2004 (redrawn from Huyse et al., 2004); D. G. branchialis Huyse, Malmberg and Volckaert, 2004 (redrawn from Huyse et al., 2004); E. G. flavescensis Huyse, Malmberg and Volckaert, 2004 (redrawn from Huyse et al., 2004); F. G. gondae Huyse, Malmberg and Volckaert, 2004 (redrawn from Huyse et al., 2004); G. G. mugelus Rawson, 1973 (redrawn from Rawson, 1973); and, H. G. zhukovi Ling, 1963 (redrawn from Miroshnichenko and Maltsev, 1998).

Fig. 2 in The neglected diversity: Description and molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma haploblephari Yeld and Smit, 2006 from endemic catsharks (Scyliorhinidae) in South Africa, the first trypanosome sequence data from sharks globally

Fig. 2. Line drawing of Trypanosoma haploblephari (Yeld and Smit, 2006) from the host Poroderma pantherinum (Slide HE18-18) next to a drawing of a red blood cell.

Fig. 7. Stained microfilariae from amphibian blood. A – Neofoleyellides steyni n in Two new species of Neofoleyellides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) parasitising anuran amphibians in South Africa

Fig. 7. Stained microfilariae from amphibian blood. A – Neofoleyellides steyni n. sp. from Amietia delalandii (Dum´eril et Bibron, 1841); B – Neofoleyellides martini n. sp. from Leptopelis natalensis (Smith, 1849).

Fig. 4. Neofoleyellides martini n in Two new species of Neofoleyellides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) parasitising anuran amphibians in South Africa

Fig. 4. Neofoleyellides martini n. sp. from Leptopelis natalensis (Smith, 1849), line drawings. A – fragment of body at anterior end, female, lateral view; B – fragment of body at anterior end, male, lateral view; C – anterior extremity, female, lateral view; D–F – anterior extremity, female, apical view, optical sections at different depth of focus; G – posterior end of body, male, ventral view; H – microfilaria; I – posterior end of body, female, lateral view; J – spicules, lateral view.

Fig. 8 in Two new species of Neofoleyellides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) parasitising anuran amphibians in South Africa

Fig. 8. Phylogeny of selected amphibian and reptilian filarial nematodes from the family Onchocercidae. Phylogram based on partitioned and concatenated datasets of 18S rDNA, and COI mtDNA sequences using Maximum Likelihood. Filaria latala (GenBank Accession numbers – 18S: KP760135 and COI: KP760186] was chosen as the outgroup. The total length of datasets is 1293 nucleotides, containing 11 taxa. The scale bar represents 0.09 nucleotide substitutions per site.

Fig. 6. Neofoleyellides martini n in Two new species of Neofoleyellides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) parasitising anuran amphibians in South Africa

Fig. 6. Neofoleyellides martini n. sp. from Leptopelis natalensis (Smith, 1849), photomicrographs. A – transverse section at posterior end of body, male, a – ala; B – area rugosa.