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Fig. 13. A in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 13. A. Baker et al.'s (1989; redrawn after fig. 2) consensus tree based on morphology, immunology, and karyology. B. Van Den Bussche's (1992; redrawn from fig. 2) tree derived from mapping restriction sites onto the Baker et al. (1989) topology in an attempt to improve resolution of relationships within the clades identified by Baker et al. (1989).
Fig. 5 in Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X X X X /X X Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil
Fig. 5. Karyotypes of female (a) and male (b) of Potamotrygon falkneri sample from Ilha Solteira, highlighting the sex chromosomes after conventional and the chromosomes marked by NOR. Scale bar = 10 m.
Fig. 6 in Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X X X X /X X Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil
Fig. 6. Somatic metaphases of Potamotrygon aff. motoro, the population of Porto Rico (a), population of Ilha Solteira (b), identification of constitutive heterochromatin. Metaphases of Potamotrygon falkneri sample from Porto Rico (c) and Ilha Solteira (d), analysis of constitutive heterochromatin after C-banding technique.
Fig. 6. Z in Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
Fig. 6. Z an W sex chromosomes of the Characidium species analyzed in this study, after C-banding (first row) and silver nitrate staining (second row). Note the different distribution of the heterochromatin, mainly in the W chromosome in (a) C. schubarti, (b), Characidium sp., (c) C. pterostictum, (d) C. oiticicai, (e) C. lanei, and (f) C. lauroi.
Fig. 3 in Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
Fig. 3. Karyotypes of female specimens of Characidium pterostictum from Apiaí, SP, after conventional Giemsa staining (a) and C-banding (b). Note the differential patterns of heterochromatic blocks on the Z and W chromosomes and the heterochromatic B-chromosomes In the box, the Z and W chromosomes carrying the NORs in an inverted position. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
Fig. 1. Partial map of South America showing the Characidium species collection sites. 1 = Ubatuba, SP (Characidium lauroi), 2 = Salesópolis, SP (Characidium oiticicai and Characidium cf. zebra), 3 = Itanhaém, SP (Characidium sp.), 4 = Jaguariaíva, PR (Characidium schubarti), 5 = Apiaí, SP (Characidium pterostictum), 6 = Morretes, PR (Characidium lanei).
Figure 5 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism
Figure 5. Shape differences in the skulls of Ctenomys torquatus and Ctenomys pearsoni: columns correspond to dorsal, ventral, and lateral views, respectively. The first row corresponds to the intersexual patterns of shape variation between male (grey lines) and female (dark lines) specimens. The second row represents interspecific patterns of shape variation between C. torquatus (dark lines) and C. pearsoni (grey lines). The third and fourth rows correspond to intraspecific differences between populations of C. torquatus with 2n = 44 from Brazil (grey lines) and from Uruguay (44u) (dark lines), and populations of C. pearsoni with 2n = 70 (dark lines) and 2n = 66 (grey lines), respectively. The shape differences are amplified ¥ 2.
Figure 1 in Intra- and interspecific skull variation in two sister species of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): coupling geometric morphometrics and chromosomal polymorphism
Figure 1. Map with sampled populations of Ctenomys torquatus from southern Brazil (1–17) and northern Uruguay (18–20), and for Ctenomys pearsoni (21–23) from southern Uruguay. Detailed information of voucher specimens are listed in Appendix 1, following the map numbering.
Figure 8 from: Grozeva S, Simov N, Langourov M, Dalakchieva S (2013) Sex chromosome pre-reduction in male meiosis of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) with some notes on the distribution of the species. ZooKeys 319: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4384
Figure 8 - Distribution of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) on Balkan Peninsula: ● published records; ♦ new records with data of breeding; ✹ new records of specimens attracted to light.
Figure 1 from: Grozeva S, Simov N, Langourov M, Dalakchieva S (2013) Sex chromosome pre-reduction in male meiosis of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) with some notes on the distribution of the species. ZooKeys 319: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4384
Figure 1 - Internal male reproductive system: t testis; v d vas deferens; v s vesicula seminalis d e ductus ejaculatorius.
Figure 2-7 from: Grozeva S, Simov N, Langourov M, Dalakchieva S (2013) Sex chromosome pre-reduction in male meiosis of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) with some notes on the distribution of the species. ZooKeys 319: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4384
Figure 2-7 - 2 Spermatogonial metaphases: two of larger chromosomes, X and Y, each show a subtelomeric unstained gap, representing the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) (arrow head) (routine staining) 3 Meiotic prophase:sex chromosomes are visible as a large, positively heteropycnotic and brightly fluorescent body (CMA3 staining) 4 Metaphase I (n = 13) (routine staining) 5 Metaphase I: GC-rich NORs located on both X and Y chromosomes (CMA3 staining) 6 After the first meiotic division all the chromosomes segregate to opposite poles (6a) resulting in two daughter MII cells (6b) with 13 elements each, 11A + m + X and 11A + m + Y, respectively (routine staining) 7 Metaphase I: DAPI staining did not reveal any differentiation along the length of the chromosomes. Bar = 10μm.
Figure 1-8 from: Suman V, Kaur H (2013) First report on C-banding, fluorochrome staining and NOR location in holocentric chromosomes of Elasmolomus (Aphanus) sordidus Fabricius, 1787 (Heteroptera, Rhyparochromidae). ZooKeys 319: 283-291. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4265
Figure 1-8 - C-banding (1, 2) 1, 2 Diplotene stages showing distribution of C-bands. Arrows showing heterochromatic chromosomes while arrowhead showing single euchromatic chromosome. Sequence-specific banding (3–6) 3 Diplotene stage with DAPI 4 Diplotene stage with localized CMA3 signals on one autosomal bivalent (shown by arrows) 5 Late diplotene stage with DAPI 6 Late diplotene stage with CMA3. Silver banding (7, 8) 7, 8 Diplotene stages showing location of NORs (shown by arrows) and nucleolar bodies (N). Bar=0.01 mm.
Figure 6 from: Giardini MC, Milla FH, Lanzavecchia S, Nieves M, Cladera JL (2015) Sex chromosomes in mitotic and polytene tissues of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Argentina: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6058
Figure 6 - Cytogenetic summary of sexual chromosome pair. Ideogram of sex chromosomes of Anastrepha fraterculus from Argentina (most frequent karyotype). Relative location of C-Bands, DAPI/CMA bands, 18S and anti-H3S28ph hybridization signals.
Figure 4 from: Giardini MC, Milla FH, Lanzavecchia S, Nieves M, Cladera JL (2015) Sex chromosomes in mitotic and polytene tissues of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Argentina: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6058
Figure 4 - Immunodetection analysis with H3S28ph antibody. Mitotic chromosome preparations of male (A, B, C) and female (D, E, F) individuals from Anastrepha fraterculus A, D DAPI stain B, E anti-H3S28ph hybridization signal C, F Merged images. Arrow heads indicate sex chromosome position.
Figure 1 from: Giardini MC, Milla FH, Lanzavecchia S, Nieves M, Cladera JL (2015) Sex chromosomes in mitotic and polytene tissues of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Argentina: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6058
Figure 1 - C-Band Ideogram. Sex chromosomes configurations of Anastrepha fraterculus found in Argentina (redrawn from Basso 2003). * Position of centromeres in each chromosome.
Figure 3 from: Giardini MC, Milla FH, Lanzavecchia S, Nieves M, Cladera JL (2015) Sex chromosomes in mitotic and polytene tissues of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Argentina: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6058
Figure 3 - 18S rDNA FISH analysis. Mitotic chromosome preparations from third instar larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus male. A DAPI stain B rDNA hybridization signal (autologous probe) C Merged images.
Figure 2 from: Giardini MC, Milla FH, Lanzavecchia S, Nieves M, Cladera JL (2015) Sex chromosomes in mitotic and polytene tissues of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Argentina: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6058
Figure 2 - The most frequent karyotype of Anastrepha fraterculus found in Argentina. Mitotic chromosome preparations from third instar larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus male. A C-Bands B DAPI stain C CMA stain D Merged DAPI/CMA images.
Figure 5 from: Giardini MC, Milla FH, Lanzavecchia S, Nieves M, Cladera JL (2015) Sex chromosomes in mitotic and polytene tissues of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Argentina: a review. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6058
Figure 5 - 18S rDNA FISH analysis in polytene and mitotic tissues. Polytene and mitotic chromosome preparations obtained from third instar larvae of male (A) and female (B) of Anastrepha fraterculus. In each case: 1 Polytene chromosomes DAPI stain 2 Polytene chromosomes 18S rDNA hybridization signa (FISH) 3 Polytene chromosomes merged image (DAPI/FISH) 4 Mitotic chromosomes DAPI stain 5 Mitotic chromosomes 18S rDNA hybridization signal (FISH) 6 Mitotic chromosomes merged image (DAPI/FISH).
Figures 1-5 from: Kuznetsova VG, Khabiev GN, Krivokhatsky VA (2015) Chromosome numbers in antlions (Myrmeleontidae) and owlflies (Ascalaphidae) (Insecta, Neuroptera). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 47-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6655
Figures 1-5 - Meiotic (MI) karyotypes of antlions (1–4) and owlflies (5). 1 Palpares libelluloides, n = 12AA+XY (2n = 26, XY) 2 Distoleon tetragrammicus, n = 8AA+XY (2n = 18, XY) 3 Myrmecaelurus trigrammus, n = 7AA+XY (2n = 16, XY) 4 Macronemurus bilineatus, n = 7AA+XY (2n = 16, XY), 5 Bubopsis hamatus, n = 8AA+XY (2n = 18, XY). Arrows point to X and Y sex chromosomes. Scale bars = 10 µm
Figure 6 from: Shapoval NA, Lukhtanov VA (2015) Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6559
Figure 6 - Underside and upperside of the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) karindus saravandi ssp. n. wings. A upperside (left) and underside (right) of the male wings B upperside (left) and underside (right) of the female wings.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.