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1,478 results for “coral reefs”
Figure 2. a in Current status of coral reefs in Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 2. a) Cluster analysis of 13 reef sites based on the number of coral genera found in Tioman Island; b) Ordination of 13 reef sites using multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot based on the significant clusters from a).
Figure 3. Coral morphology class score for 13 in Current status of coral reefs in Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3. Coral morphology class score for 13 reef sites in Tioman Island. Most of the reef sites were plotted under mixed coral morphologies and received class 4 (C 4). Three reef sites (Tomok Island, Gado Bay, and Tulai Bay) dominated by stress-tolerator corals and received class 1 (C 1). One reef site (Bayan Bay) dominated by competitor corals and received class 2 (C 2).
Fig. 2 in Mitochondrial marker-based analyses provide new insights into role of coral reef ecosystems in molluscan speciation
Fig. 2 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on partial mitochondrial COI gene sequences
FIGURE 1 in Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq
FIGURE 1. Location of the coral reefs in Basra coastal water.
Carbon and oxygen isotope data of foraminifera in coral reef regions
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Data from: Subtropical thermal variation supports persistence of corals but limits productivity of coral reefs
Concomitant to the decline of tropical corals caused by increasing global sea temperatures is the potential removal of barriers to species range expansions into subtropical and temperate habitats. In these habitats, species must tolerate lower annual mean temperature, wider annual temperature ranges, and lower minimum temperatures. To understand ecophysiological traits that will impact geographic range boundaries we monitored populations of five coral species within a marginal habitat and used a year of in situ measures to model thermal performance of vital host, symbiont, and holobiont physiology. Metabolic responses to temperature revealed two acclimatization strategies: peak productivity occurring at annual midpoint temperatures (4-6ºC lower than tropical counterparts), or at annual maxima. Modeled relationships between temperature and P:R were compared to a year of daily sub-tropical sea temperatures and revealed that the relatively short time spent at any one temperature, limited optimal performance of all strategies to approximately half the days of the year. Thus, while subtropical corals can adjust their physiology to persist through seasonal lows, seasonal variation seems to be the key factor limiting coral productivity. This constraint on rapid reef accretion within subtropical environments provides insight into the global distribution of future coral reefs and their ecosystem services.
Data from: Germline DNA methylation in reef corals: patterns and potential roles in response to environmental change
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that plays an inadequately understood role in gene regulation, particularly in non-model species. Because it can be influenced by the environment, DNA methylation may contribute to the ability of organisms to acclimatize and adapt to environmental change. We evaluated the distribution of gene body methylation in reef-building corals, a group of organisms facing significant environmental threats. Gene body methylation in six species of corals was inferred from in silico transcriptome analysis of CpG O/E, an estimate of germline DNA methylation that is highly correlated with patterns of methylation enrichment. Consistent with what has been documented in most other invertebrates, all corals exhibited bimodal distributions of germline methylation suggestive of distinct fractions of genes with high and low levels of methylation. The hypermethylated fractions were enriched with genes with housekeeping functions, while genes with inducible functions were highly represented in the hypomethylated fractions. High transcript abundance was associated with intermediate levels of methylation. In three of the coral species, we found that genes differentially expressed in response to thermal stress and ocean acidification exhibited significantly lower levels of methylation. These results support a link between gene body hypomethylation and transcriptional plasticity that may point to a role of DNA methylation in the response of corals to environmental change.
Data from: Identifying multiple coral reef regimes and their drivers across the Hawaiian archipelago
Loss of coral reef resilience can lead to dramatic changes in benthic structure, often called regime shifts, which significantly alter ecosystem processes and functioning. In the face of global change and increasing direct human impacts, there is an urgent need to anticipate and prevent undesirable regime shifts and, conversely, to reverse shifts in already degraded reef systems. Such challenges require a better understanding of the human and natural drivers that support or undermine different reef regimes. The Hawaiian archipelago extends across a wide gradient of natural and anthropogenic conditions and provides us a unique opportunity to investigate the relationships between multiple reef regimes, their dynamics and potential drivers. We applied a combination of exploratory ordination methods and inferential statistics to one of the most comprehensive coral reef datasets available in order to detect, visualize and define potential multiple ecosystem regimes. This study demonstrates the existence of three distinct reef regimes dominated by hard corals, turf algae or macroalgae. Results from boosted regression trees show nonlinear patterns among predictors that help to explain the occurrence of these regimes, and highlight herbivore biomass as the key driver in addition to effluent, latitude and depth.
Data from: Using virtual reality to estimate aesthetic values of coral reefs
Aesthetic value, or beauty, is important to the relationship between humans and natural environments and is, therefore, a fundamental socioeconomic attribute of conservation alongside other ecosystem services. However, beauty is difficult to quantify and is not estimated well using traditional approaches to monitoring coral reef aesthetics. To improve the estimation of ecosystem aesthetic values, we developed and implemented a novel framework used to quantify features of coral reef aesthetics based on people's perceptions of beauty. Three observer groups with different experience to reef environments (Marine Scientist, Experienced Diver and Citizen) were virtually immersed in Australian's Great Barrier Reef using 360-degree images. Perceptions of beauty and observations were used to assess the importance of eight potential attributes of reef aesthetic value. Among these, heterogeneity, defined by structural complexity and colour diversity, was positively associated with coral-reef aesthetic values. There were no group-level differences in the way the observer groups perceived reef aesthetics suggesting that past experiences with coral reefs do not necessarily influence the perception of beauty by the observer. The framework developed here provides a generic tool to help identify indicators of aesthetic value applicable to a wide variety of natural systems. The ability to estimate aesthetic values robustly adds an important dimension to the holistic conservation of the Great Barrier Reef, coral reefs worldwide, and other natural ecosystems.
FIG. 5. — Liotipoma mutabilis n in New species and genera of colloniids from Indo-Pacific coral reefs, with the definition of a new subfamily Liotipomatinae n. subfam. (Turbinoidea, Colloniidae)
FIG. 5. — Liotipoma mutabilis n. sp., female shells: A-D, paratype (MNHN 24760, stn 1434), Santal Bay, Lifou, Loyalty Islands, H 2.7, D 4.2 mm; E-H, paratype (MNHN 24759, stn 1436), Gaatcha Bay, Santal Bay, Lifou, Loyalty Islands, H 3.2, D 4.8 mm. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 8. — Liotipoma magna n in New species and genera of colloniids from Indo-Pacific coral reefs, with the definition of a new subfamily Liotipomatinae n. subfam. (Turbinoidea, Colloniidae)
FIG. 8. — Liotipoma magna n. sp., male shells: A-D, holotype (MNHN 24766, stn DS103), off W side Tutuba Island, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, 70-80 m, H 3.6, D 6.8 mm; E-H, Paratype (MNHN 24767, stn DS104), 80 m off W side Tutuba Island, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, H 3.4, D 5.3 mm. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Depth structuring of pelagic copepod biodiversity in waters adjacent to an Eastern Indian Ocean coral reef
Figure 4. Diel depth distribution of calanoid and poecilostome cyclopoids.
F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 2. Side view of mock-up carapace attached to the seabed during the calibration experiment.
Figure 24. Platygyra Ehrenberg, 1834 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 24. Platygyra Ehrenberg, 1834, has uniserial corallites, fused walls, septa in
Fig. 6 in Preliminary observations of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna communities in the upper mesophotic coral ecosystems in Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines
Fig. 6. Mean percentage cover of the benthic categories across depths (A) and reef types (B). Abbreviations of the benthic categories are as follows: C – hard coral, DC – dead coral, OCT – octocoral, INV – small invertebrates, ALG – algae assemblages and ABI – abitoic. Significant differences are denoted by an asterisk (*) sign.
Fig. 1 in Mixed-species schooling behavior and protective mimicry involving coral reef fish from the genus Haemulon (Haemulidae)
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram presenting differences among the behavioral tactics registered for species joining Haemulon spp. schools.
Development of a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging method to improve the information content of benthic coral reef surveys
<p>Benthic surveys are a key component of monitoring and conservation efforts for coral reefs worldwide. While traditional image-based surveys rely on manual annotation of photographs to characterise benthic composition, automatic image annotation based on computer vision is becoming increasingly common. However, accurate classification of some benthic groups from reflectance images presents a challenge to local ecologists and computers alike. Most coral reef organisms produce one or a combination of fluorescent pigments, such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-like proteins found in corals, chlorophyll-a found in all photosynthetic organisms, and phycobiliproteins found in red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae (CCA) and cyanobacteria. Building on the potential of these pigments as a target for automatic image annotation, we developed a novel imaging method based on off-the-shelf components to improve classification of coral and other biotic substrates using a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging system. We used RGB cameras to image the fluorescence emission of coral and algal pigments stimulated by narrow-waveband blue and green light, and then combined the information into 3-channel pseudocolour images. Using a set of <i>a priori</i> rules defined by the relative pixel intensity produced in different channels, the method achieved successful classification of organisms into three categories based on the dominant fluorescent pigment expressed, facilitating discrimination of traditionally problematic groups. This work provides a conceptual foundation for future technological developments that will improve the cost, accuracy and speed of coral reef surveys.</p>
Behavioural modification of range-extending coral reef fishes in temperate ecosystems
<p><span>1. Coral-reef fishes are shifting their distributions poleward in response to human-mediated ocean warming, yet the consequences for recipient temperate fish communities remain poorly understood. Behavioural modification is often the first response of species to environmental change, but we know little about how this might shape the ongoing colonisation by tropical fishes of temperate-latitude ecosystems under climate change. </span></p> <p><span>2. In a global hotspot of ocean warming (southeast Australia), we quantified 14 behavioural traits of invading tropical and local co-occurring temperate fishes at 10 sites across a 730 km latitudinal gradient as a proxy of species behavioural niche space in different climate ranges (subtropical, warm-temperate, cold-temperate). </span></p> <p><span>3. We found that tropical fishes (4 species) modified their behavioural niches as well as increased their overall behavioural niche breadth in their novel temperate ranges where temperate species predominate, but maintained a moderate to high niche segregation with native temperate species across latitudinal range position. Temperate species (3 co-occurring species) also modified their niches, but in contrast to tropical species, experienced an increased niche breadth towards subtropical ranges. Alterations to feeding and shoaling behaviours contributed most to niche modifications in tropical and temperate species, while behaviours related to alertness and escape from potential threats contributed least.</span></p> <p>4. We here show that at warmer and colder range edges where community structures are being reshuffled due to climate change, behavioural generalism and niche modification are potential mechanisms adopted by tropical range extenders and native-temperate fishes to adjust to novel species interactions under climate change.</p>
Relative influence of predators, competitors, and seascape heterogeneity on behaviour and abundance of coral reef mesopredators
<p>Determining influences of predation and competition on community dynamics is particularly challenging in coral reef systems where interspecific interactions between many predator and prey species play out in patchy landscapes. We used ~1000 stereo-Baited Remote Underwater Video deployments (Stereo-BRUVs) to assess the relative abundance and analysed the behaviour of two size classes of mesopredatory teleosts (lutajnids, serranids, lethrinids) in the presence and absence of larger predators (mesopredatory and apex carcharhinids). For mesopredatory teleosts, the presence of sharks did not influence the abundance, time of arrival in vicinity of the stereo-BRUVs, the probability of feeding on bait, or the delay to feeding. Instead, the number of similar-sized competitors and surrounding habitat features were the strongest drivers of these behavioural metrics. We suggest that for most fishes, the predatory threat posed by highly mobile species such as sharks is likely to be sporadic and transitory, whereas competition is ubiquitous and ever present, particularly for schooling taxa. Ultimately, it is likely that both processes interact to determine behavioural phenotypes as individuals that are inferior competitors can be displaced from safe habitats or prohibited from access to resources and will be more susceptible to predation. Future studies should consider the relative effects of both processes and the degree to which each can be shaped by habitat when investigating trophic dynamics that regulate marine communities.</p>
Green fluorescent protein-like pigments optimize the internal light environment in symbiotic reef building corals
<p>Pigments homologous to the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) have been proposed to fine-tune the internal light microclimate of corals, facilitating photoacclimation of photosynthetic coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) to life in different reef habitats and environmental conditions. However, direct measurements of the <i>in vivo</i> light conditions inside the coral tissue supporting this conclusion are lacking. Here, we quantified the intra-tissue spectral light environment of corals expressing GFP-like proteins from widely different light regimes. We focus on (1) photoconvertible red fluorescent proteins (pcRFPs), thought to enhance photosynthesis in mesophotic habitats via wavelength conversion, and (2) chromoproteins (CPs), which provide photoprotection to the symbionts in shallow water via light absorption. Optical microsensor measurements indicated that both pigment groups strongly alter the<i> </i>coral tissue light environment. Estimates derived from light spectra measured in pcRFP-containing corals showed that fluorescence emission can contribute to >50% of orange-red light available to the photosynthetic symbionts at mesophotic depths. We further show that upregulation of pink CPs in shallow-water corals during bleaching leads to a reduction of orange light by 10-20% compared to low-CP tissue. Thus, screening by CPs has an important role in mitigating the light-enhancing effect of coral tissue scattering during bleaching. Our results provide the first experimental quantification of the importance of GFP-like proteins in fine-tuning the light microclimate of corals during photoacclimation.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.