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opennotspecifiedFeb 2002View details →

FIG. 1 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 1. External features and genitalia in Pyrgauchenia species, left lateral view, except where indicated (for arrows see text). (A±F) tristaniopsis: (A) head, frontal view; (B) left tegmina; (C) male genital capsule; (D) subgenital plates, ventral view; (E) 2nd valvulae; (F) female genital capsule. (G±H) biuni: left side of pronotum of last instar nymph, (G) female; (H) male. (I±K) colorata, last instar nymph: (I) pronotum of female; (J) pronotum of male; (K) abdominal apex in dorsal view. (L, M) pendleburyi, pronotum of last instar nymph: (L) female; (M) male.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2002View details →

FIG. 2 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 2. Pyrgauchenia biuni (paratypes unless stated otherwise) (for arrows and arrowhead see text). (A) Habitus male, right lateral and frontal view (marked distance indicates length of anterior process). (B) Habitus female, right lateral and frontal view. (C) Distal lobes of male anterior process, anterodorsal view (dotted line: median carina). (D) Distal lobes of male anterior process, left lateral view. (E) Distal lobes of female anterior process, anterodorsal view. (F±H) Aedeagus, posterior (right: holotype), left lateral and apical view respectively (broken line in (G) indicates gonoduct on posterior side and median groove on anterior side). (I) Left style, left lateral view (upper: holotype) (broken line indicates membrane connecting the styles; marked distance with arrowhead indicates perspective of (J )). (J) Left style in posterior view, as indicated by arrowhead in (I) (left: holotype) (line indicates median plane).

FIG. 3 in Australian species of Chordodes (Nematomorpha) with a description of two new species, remarks on the genus Chordodes and its life history

FIG. 3. Chordodes queenslandi, female, light microscopy. (A, C) Ventral midline is visible as a dark line. Clusters including areoles of type 5 are distributed along each side of the midline (arrows in A). (B) Cuticle of the lateral side of the body with areoles of types 1, 2 and clusters containing types 4 and 6. (D) Areolar cluster containing types 4 and 5. (E) Areolar types 1–4 and 6 on lateral body.

FIG. 6 in Australian species of Chordodes (Nematomorpha) with a description of two new species, remarks on the genus Chordodes and its life history

FIG. 6. (A–D) Chordodes queenslandi, male, posterior end, SEM. (A) Complete view of the posterior end from the ventral side with bristles close to the cloacal opening (small arrows) and bristleelds anterolateral of the opening (large arrows). (B) Structure of the cuticle in the ventral midline anterior of the cloacal opening. (C) Structure of areoles on the posterior tip of the animal. (D) Structure of cuticle lateral of the cloacal opening with some bristles from the bristleelds (arrows). (E, F) Chordode s queenslandi, specimen from the Zoological Museum Hamburg (V 2231), earlier assigned to C. modiglianii. (E) Areoles type 6 on lateral side of body. (F) Areoles type 5 with long laments in the ventral midline.

FIG. 2 in Australian species of Chordodes (Nematomorpha) with a description of two new species, remarks on the genus Chordodes and its life history

FIG. 2. 'Chordodes ' annulatus (ZMB 4446). Microscopical preparation. (A) Overview of the cuticle. (B) Detail with clustered areoles.

FIG. 8 in Australian species of Chordodes (Nematomorpha) with a description of two new species, remarks on the genus Chordodes and its life history

FIG. 8. Chordodes brevipilus, male posterior end, SEM. (A) Whole posterior end with cloacal opening, lateral bristleŽelds and structurally diVerent regions anterior of the cloacal opening. (B) Ventral midline anterior of the cloacal opening. Note tubercle areoles bordering the midline. (C) BristleŽeld with long bristles (white arrow), spines (black arrow) and minute bristles in between. (D) Spines and cuticular structure in the region posterior of the cloacal opening. (E) Areoles in marginal regions of the bristleŽeld showing minute bristles and tubercle areoles.

FIG. 5 in Australian species of Chordodes (Nematomorpha) with a description of two new species, remarks on the genus Chordodes and its life history

FIG. 5. Chordodes queenslandi, male, light microscopy and SEM. (A) Ventral midline is not as clearly visible as in female. (B, C) Areoles types 2–4 and 6 with light microscopy (B) and SEM (C). (D) Areolar clusters with types 4 and 5. (E) Areoles of type 5. (F, G) Lateral view of type 6 areoles. A central canal is visible (arrows). (H) Areoles type 5.

Figure 1 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits

Figure 1. Graphical experimental scheme of the desiccation assay. In total, 29 or 30 tardigrades were dropped onto the filter paper and placed in the sealed desiccation chamber. The humidity in the chamber was controlled by the presence of saturated salt solution or water, which had no contact with the animals.

Figure 3 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits

Figure 3. Sensitivity of the Im1 strain to desiccation. Survival rates after exposure to various humidity conditions for 1 or 2 days. Mean ƚ SD (N = 4; 30 tardigrades each).

Figure 4 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits

Figure 4. Life history traits of Im1 strain. A, longevity of Im1 strain. B, hatching time after oviposition.

Figure 5 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits

Figure 5. Simulation of population change started with a single newly hatched juvenile of Im1 strain. Theoretical change in the population was simulated based on mean values of life history traits, such as hatching time = 3.6 days; first oviposition = 10.3 days; interval of ovipositions = 2.5 days; lifespan = 18.8 days; number of eggs per clutch = 19; hatchability = 83%.

Figure 2 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits

Figure 2. Specimens of cultured Im1 strain. A, live differential interference contrast (DIC) image of an adult individual. The specimen was largely transparent, making it easy to inspect the internal structures. B, dorsal view of the head region. Arrowheads indicate two fatty droplets. C, exuviae containing five embryos. The eggshell has a smooth surface. D, DIC image of the pharyngeal apparatus. Three macroplacoids were visible (ma1, ma2, ma3). No microplacoids were observed. E, DIC image of flattened preparation of the pharyngeal apparatus clearly showing separation of macroplacoids (ma1, ma2, ma3). Scale bars = 100 µm (A, C) and 20 µm (B, D, E). Anterior is left in all panels.

Figure 3 in First detailed observations on tardigrade mating behaviour and some aspects of the life history of Isohypsibius dastychi Pilato, Bertolani & Binda 1982 (Tardigrada, Isohypsibiidae)

Figure 3. Posterior half of male body. In all structures (indicated by arrows) spermatozoa are visible. A, testis; B, spermatic duct (second one not visible); C and D, seminal vesicles in the two spermatic ducts; E, cloaca.

Figure 2 in First detailed observations on tardigrade mating behaviour and some aspects of the life history of Isohypsibius dastychi Pilato, Bertolani & Binda 1982 (Tardigrada, Isohypsibiidae)

Figure 2. Mating position of Isohypsibius dastychi. The male (left) held the female (right) in the moulting stage, with eggs (in this case three) clearly visible in her ovary.

Figure 4 in First detailed observations on tardigrade mating behaviour and some aspects of the life history of Isohypsibius dastychi Pilato, Bertolani & Binda 1982 (Tardigrada, Isohypsibiidae)

Figure 4. Cloaca (indicated by arrow) of two individuals of Isohypsibius dastychi. The cuticle opens anteriorly. A, cuticle covering the cloaca is pushed towards posterior end of the animal. B, cuticle in the natural state. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Figure 1. A in First detailed observations on tardigrade mating behaviour and some aspects of the life history of Isohypsibius dastychi Pilato, Bertolani & Binda 1982 (Tardigrada, Isohypsibiidae)

Figure 1. A, average procedure of life events and generation time of Isohypsibius dastychi at two different temperatures, 12 and 20 °C (N12 °C = 21, N20 °C = 25). Squares and dotted lines indicate average hatching events at 12 and 20 °C, respectively. B, cumulative events of individual tardigrades becoming adults in dependence of age (days after egg deposition) at two different temperatures, 12 and 20 °C (N12 °C = 21, N20 °C = 25). C, comparison of age at sexual maturity of males and females from different clutches at two different temperatures (12 and 20 °C). Each dot stands for one animal reaching sexual maturity.

opennotspecifiedJul 2012View details →

Figure 1 in The phylogeny of a reduced 'sand goby' group based on behavioural and life history characters

Figure 1. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses of sand goby relationships redrawn to highlight only the species used in this study. A, 867 bp from 16S/12S rRNA (Penzo et al., 1998); B, 800 bp from 16S/12S mtDNA (Huyse et al., 2004); C, 815 bp from 16S/12S rDNA (Vanhove et al., 2011); D, presence/absence of allozymes, consensus of 12 equally parsimonious trees (McKay & Miller, 1997).

opennotspecifiedJul 2012View details →

Figure 2 in The phylogeny of a reduced 'sand goby' group based on behavioural and life history characters

Figure 2. Single phylogenetic tree based on an exhaustive search analysis of 27 behavioural and life history traits in PAUP. *, homoplasious traits. Numbers in parentheses refer to character states. Bootstrap values (1 000 000 iterations) are shown at each node. For character descriptions see the Appendix. Habitat preferences for each species are mapped across the top of the tree, indicating that living in freshwater is the plesiomorphic state for this reduced sand goby group.

opennotspecifiedApr 2021View details →

Figure 4 in No rest for the weary: restricted resting behaviour of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at a deep-neritic foraging area influences expression of life history traits

Figure 4. Depth versus duration of resting bouts for (a) each individual turtle (n = 12), and (b) average dive depth vs. dive duration for all resting dives by each individual turtle ± 1 standard deviation (R2 = 0.36).