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5,864 results for “species diversity”
FIGURE 5 in New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus)
FIGURE 5. Dorsal (top) and lateral (middle) profiles of Sigalegalephrynus specimens in alcohol (Scale bar = 5 mm). Head, and upper surface of hand (bottom) of holotypes of Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov. (A, MZB.Amph.30413), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (B; MZB.Amph.30411), S. mandailinguensis (C, MZB.Amph.25736), S. minangkabauensis (D, MZB. Amph.25738), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (E, MZB.Amph.30412).
FIGURE 4 in New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus)
FIGURE 4. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) aspects of Sigalegalephrynus specimens in alcohol (Scale bar = 5 mm). Holotypes of Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov. (A, MZB.Amph.30413), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (B, MZB.Amph.30411), S. mandailinguensis (C, MZB.Amph.25736), S. minangkabauensis (D, MZB.Amph.25738), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (E, MZB. Amph.30412).
FIGURE 2 in New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus)
FIGURE 2. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of specimens of Sigalegalephrynus in life. Holotypes of S. burnitelongensis sp. nov. (A–C, MZB.Amph.30413, SVL 22.18 mm), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (D–F, MZB.Amph.30411, SVL 26.49 mm), S. mandailinguensis (G–I, MZB.Amph.25736, SVL 38.01 mm), S. minangkabauensis (J–L, MZB.Amph.25738, SVL 19.32 mm), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (M–O, MZB.Amph.30412, SVL 26.36 mm).
FIGURE 1 in New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus)
FIGURE 1. Estimated phylogeny of Sigalegalephrynus based on 16S mitochondrial rRNA, depicted as a maximum-likelihood tree with bufonid outgroups. The non-bufonid outgroup—Dryophytes arenicolor is not shown.
FIGURES 24–32. Neurisothrips species. Male sternal pore plates 24–29 in Diversity in the Hawaiian endemic genus Neurisothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
FIGURES 24–32. Neurisothrips species. Male sternal pore plates 24–29: (24) antennatus; (25) bidens sp. n.; (26) fran sp. n.; (27) karl sp. n.; (28) robbiei sp. n. [from Santalum]; (29) robbiei sp. n. [from Psychotria]; (30) saki sp. n.. Female sternites 31–32: (31) janis sp. n.; (32) bidens sp. n.
FIGURE 6 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 6. Spectrograms and corresponding oscillograms of advertisement calls in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex. (a) L. mystaceus; (b) L. didymus; (c) L. elenae; (d) L. spixi; (e) L. notoaktites; (f) L. kilombo; (g) L. barrioi; (h) L. watu. See Appendix III for information on sound recordings and call vouchers.
FIGURE 2 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 2. Genealogic relationships of Leptodactylus estimated by a Bayesian inference analysis (BEAST) of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene showing the relationships of the nine lineages of the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex. Other clades were collapsed to facilitate visualization. Values below nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. The scale bar is given as rate of base substitutions per site.
FIGURE 4 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 4. Character states of morphological and chromatic features between members of the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex and congeners of the L. fuscus group. Dorsal and dorsolateral folds: (a) one pair of dorsolateral folds in L. watu (UFMG 21332); (b) one pair of dorsolateral and two pairs of dorsal folds in L. fuscus (UFVF 0002). Longitudinal stripe on the posterior surface of thigh: (c) present in L. watu (UFMG 21332); (d) absent in L. mystacinus (UFVF 003). Tubercles on the sole of foot: (e) non-obvious tubercles in L. barrioi (AAG-UFU 502); (f) prominent tubercles covering the sole of foot in L. mystaceus (CHUFPB 30411).
FIGURE 1 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 1. (a) Geographic distribution of genetic and acoustic vouchers of nine lineages belonging to the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex in South America and corresponding amplitude envelopes of their advertisement calls. Black dots denote the type localities of the three new species. (b) Topographic map showing the three lineages distributed in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.
FIGURE 5 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 5. Life colors among members of the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex. (a) L. barrioi (AAG-UFU 6183), (b) L. didymus (unvouchered), (c) L. elenae (AAG-UFU 5252), (d) L. kilombo (CHUFPB 28205), (e) L. mystaceus (CHUFPB 30412), (f) L. notoaktites (AAG-UFU 5221), (g) L. spixi (AAG-UFU 6228), and (h) L. watu (UFMG 21332). See Appendices I–II for locality data.
FIGURES 15–23. Neurisothrips species. Head & pronotum 15–16 in Diversity in the Hawaiian endemic genus Neurisothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
FIGURES 15–23. Neurisothrips species. Head & pronotum 15–16: (15) antennatus; (16) robbiei sp. n. Head & thorax 17–18: (17) tsuda sp. n.; (18) fran sp. n. Pronotum 19–20: (19) bidens sp. n.; (20) karl sp. n. (21) saki sp. n. pronotum & metanotum. Female tergites VI–X: (22) karl sp. n.; (23) robbiei sp. n.
FIGURE 9 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 9. Holotype of Leptodactylus barrioi (AAG-UFU 502; SVL = 43.5 mm). (a) Dorsal and (b) ventral body; (c) palm of hand; (d) sole of foot; (e) head in profile. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
FIGURE 10. Holotype of Leptodactylus watu (UFMG 21332; SVL = 40.8 mm). (a) Dorsal and (b) ventral body; (c) palm of hand; (d) sole of foot; (e) head in profile. This specimen was lacking the terminal phalanges of toe V (as shown in 'd'). Scale bars = 5 mm.
Diversity and distribution of intertidal marine species in Singapore
<p>WildSingapore Wild Fact Sheets dataset</p>
Species diversity of fungal endophytes across a stress gradient for plants
<ul> <li>Foliar fungal endophytes are one of the most diverse guilds of symbiotic fungi found in the photosynthetic tissues of every plant lineage, but it is unclear how plant environments and leaf resource availability shape their diversity.</li> <li>We explored correlations between leaf nutrient availability and endophyte diversity among <i>Pinus muricata </i>and <i>Vaccinium ovatum </i>plants growing across a soil nutrient gradient spanning a series of coastal terraces in Mendocino, California.</li> <li>Endophyte richness decreased in plants with higher leaf nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratios for both host species, but increased with sodium, which may be toxic to fungi at high concentrations. Isolation frequency, a proxy of fungal biomass, was not significantly predicted by any of the same leaf constituents in the two plant species.</li> <li>We propose that stressed plants can exhibit both low foliar nutrients or high levels of toxic compounds, and that both of these stress responses predict endophyte species richness. Stressful conditions that limit growth of fungi may increase their diversity due to the suppression of otherwise dominating species. Differences between the host species in their endophyte communities may be explained by host specificity, leaf phenology, or microclimates.</li> </ul>
Fig. 4 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)
Fig. 4. Species tree for the genus Pteronotus estimated from the complete dataset, depicting the relationships among major clades according to the multispecies coalescent approach. Names of terminals incorporate results of Fig. 3 and correspond to our new proposed hypothesis of species diversity in the genus Pteronotus (for more details, see text).
FIG. 2. Sample-based species accumulation curve with 95 in An African bat hotspot: the exceptional importance of Mount Nimba for bat diversity
FIG. 2. Sample-based species accumulation curve with 95% confidence intervals for bat species at Mount Nimba
Data from: Cryptic phylogeographic history sheds light on the generation of species diversity in sky-island mountains
Biodiversity hotspots should be given high priority for conservation under the situation of global climate change. The sky islands in southwestern China are characterized by extraordinarily high species diversity and are among one of the world's top biodiversity hotspots. However, neither the actual species diversity in this region or mechanisms generating this diversity are well explored. Here, we report on the phylogeographic analysis of the long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus), a semi-fossorial mammal that inhabits the montane cool forests across the Chinese sky islands and is considered to represent one species divided into two subspecies. Analyses using DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and six nuclear genes revealed that populations inhabiting different mountains exhibited exceptionally strong geographic structure. The lowlands and large rivers act as "soft" and "hard" barriers to dispersal, respectively, isolating evolutionary lineages for up to 11 million years. Our results suggest that the mountain ranges act as interglacial refugia buffering populations from climate fluctuations, further facilitating allopatric diversification. Strikingly, species delimitation analyses suggests that the long-tailed mole may comprise 18 operational taxonomic units and 17 putative species. Our results suggest that for low-vagility species, the complex topography of the Chinese sky islands has shaped genetic diversity and structure and promoted exceptional diversification through a combination of eco-environmental stability as well as geographic fragmentation. The patterns observed in S. fusicaudus may be representative for other cold-adapted species, reflecting the generation of mammalian faunal diversity in the sky-island mountains of southwestern China.
The diversity of maternal-age effects upon pre-adult survival across animal species
Maternal senescence is the detrimental effect of increased maternal age on offspring performance. Despite much recent interest given to describing this phenomenon, its distribution across animal species is poorly understood. A review of the published literature finds that maternal age affects pre-adult survival in 252 of 272 populations (93%) representing 97 animal species. Age effects tended to be deleterious in invertebrates and mammals, including humans, confirming the presence of senescence. However, bird species were a conspicuous exception, as pre-adult survival tended to increase with maternal age in surveyed populations. In all groups, maternal-age effects became more negative in older mothers. Invertebrates senesced faster than vertebrates, and humans aged faster than non-human mammals. Within invertebrates, lepidopterans demonstrated the most extreme rates of maternal-effect senescence. Among the surveyed studies, phylogeny, life history and environment (e.g. laboratory versus wild populations) were tightly associated; this made it difficult to make confident inferences regarding the causes of diversity for the phenomenon. However, we provide some testable suggestions, and we observe that some differences appear to be consistent with predictions from evolutionary theory. We discuss how future work may help clarify ultimate and proximate causes for this diversity.
Species-specific effects of thermal stress on the expression of genetic variation across a diverse group of plant and animal taxa under experimental conditions
<p>Assessing the genetic adaptive potential of populations and species is essential for better understanding evolutionary processes. However, the expression of genetic variation may depend on environmental conditions, which may speed up or slow down evolutionary responses. Thus, the same selection pressure may lead to different responses. Against this background, we here investigate the effects of thermal stress on genetic variation, mainly under controlled laboratory conditions. We estimated additive genetic variance (<i>V<sub>A</sub></i>), narrow-sense heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup>), and the coefficient of genetic variation (<i>CV<sub>A</sub></i>) under both benign control and stressful thermal conditions. We included six species spanning a diverse range of plant and animal taxa and a total of 25 morphological and life-history traits. Our results show that (1) thermal stress reduced fitness components, (2) the majority of traits showed significant genetic variation, and that (3) thermal stress affected the expression of genetic variation (<i>V<sub>A</sub></i>, <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> or <i>CV<sub>A</sub></i>) in only one third of the cases (25 of 75 analyses, mostly in one clonal species). Moreover, effects were highly species-specific, with genetic variation increasing in 11 and decreasing in 14 cases under stress. Our results hence indicate that thermal stress does not generally affect the expression of genetic variation under laboratory conditions but, nevertheless, increases or decreases genetic variation in specific cases. Consequently, predicting the rate of genetic adaptation might not be generally complicated by environmental variation, but requires a careful case-by-case consideration.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.