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FIGURE 17 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 17. Radiographs of the anterior unmodified vertebrae of Scleronema carijo, new species, MNHCI 10220, 39.2 mm SL, paratype. A. dorsal view; B. left lateral view. Abbreviations: ns1–2 = neural spine of unmodified vertebra 1 to 2; pav1–2 = parapophysis of unmodified vertebra 1 to 2; r1–2 = rib of unmodified vertebra 1 to 2; wc = Weberian capsule. Scale bars = 4 mm.
FIGURE 18 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 18. Left and right ovaries of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16931, 30.3 mm SL, paratype. A. dorsal view; B. ventral view. Anterior to left. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 15. Radiographs of the dorsal- and anal-fin skeletons of Scleronema carijo, new species: A. LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype; B. LIRP 16931, 34.8 mm SL, paratype. Arrows point to first and last dorsal-fin basal radials. Abbreviation: af = adipose fin. Scale bars = 3 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 14. Pelvic skeleton of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16931, 30.3 mm SL, paratype (c&s). Abbreviations: ep = external anterior process of basipterygium; ip = internal anterior process of basipterygium; lp = lateral process of basipterygium; nf = nerve foramen; pp = posterior process of basipterygium; ps = pelvic splint. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 13. Tridimensional model of the left pectoral skeleton of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype. A. ventral view; B. lateral view. Abbreviations: cl = cleithrum; pdpc = posterodorsal process of cleithrum; pfr1 = first pectoral-fin ray; pr1 = first proximal radial; pr2 = second proximal radial; sc = scapulocoracoid. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 20 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 20. Localities and habitats where Scleronema carijo, new species, was found (all in Santa Catarina state, Brazil): A. ribeir"o Arataca, tributary of the right bank of the rio Tijucas, under bridge of SC-108 highway, 27°22'05''S 48°53'41''W (type locality), elevation 24 m a.s.l., in S"o Jo"o Batista municipality, Tijipió district (LIRP 16930, holotype, LIRP 16931, paratypes, MHNCI 11454, paratypes), photograph taken in 29 Nov 2002; B. rio Tijucas, 27°19'23.22''S 48°53'18.00''W, elevation 25 m a.s.l., in S"o Jo"o Batista municipality (MHNCI 10220, paratype), photograph taken in 28 Nov 2002; C. ribeir"o Águas Claras, affluent of left bank of rio Tijucas, 27°22'45.56''S 48°55'34.21"W, elevation 35 m a.s.l., in Major Gercino municipality (MHNCI 10196, paratype), photograph taken in 29 Nov 2002; D. rio Capivari, affluent of the right bank of rio Tubar"o, 28°17'12.15"S 49°00'55.00"W, elevation 18 m a.s.l., in Gravatal municipality (MCP 11007, paratype), photograph taken in 26 Jan 2016.
FIGURE 10 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 10. Tridimensional model of the ventral hyoid arch of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype. A. dorsal view; B. ventral view. Abbreviations: ac = anterior ceratohyal; br1–7 = branchiostegal rays 1 to 7; pc = posterior ceratohyal; pu = parurohyal; vh = ventral hypohyal. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 11 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 11. Branchial arches of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16931, 30.3 mm SL, paratype (c&s). Abbreviations: acb4 = accessory element of ceratobranchial 4; bb2–4 = basibranchial 2 to 4; cb1–5 = ceratobranchial 1 to 5; cbtp = ceratobranchial tooth plate; eb1–4 = epibranchial 1 to 4; hb1–4 = hypobranchial 1 to 4; pb3–4 = pharyngobranchial 3 and 4; pbtp = pharyngobranchial tooth plate. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 12. Tridimensional model of the branchial arches of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype. Abbreviations: bb2–3 = basibranchial 2 and 3; cb1–5 = ceratobranchial 1 to 5; cbtp = ceratobranchial tooth plate; eb1–4 = epibranchial 1 to 4; hb1–3 = hypobranchial 1 to 3; pb3–4 = pharyngobranchial 3 and 4; pbtp = pharyngobranchial tooth plate. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 4. Tridimensional model of the skull, Weberian capsule, and right premaxilla-maxilla-autopalatine complex of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype. A. dorsal view; B. left lateral view; C. ventral view. Shaded region on the left edge of the skull in dorsal view (A) represents the course of the supraorbital, otic, and postotic laterosensory canals. Abbreviations: acf = anterior cranial fontanel; ao = antorbital; ap = autopalatine; bo+ex = complex bone formed by basioccipital plus exoccipital; eb = epiphyseal bar; eo = epioccipital; fr = frontal; le = lateral ethmoid; llo = lateral line ossicle; me = mesethmoid; mx = maxilla; of = orbital foramen; os = orbitosphenoid; pa = parasphenoid; pcf = posterior cranial fontanel; pmx = premaxilla; pt = pterotic; pte-sc = posttemporo-supracleithrum; sp+po+ps = complex bone formed by sphenotic, prootic, and pterosphenoid; ss = sesamoid supraorbital (= barbular of de Pinna et al., 2020); su = supraoccipital; tff = trigeminofacial foramen; vo = vomer; wc = Weberian capsule. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 9. Tridimensional model of the left suspensorium and opercular apparatus of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype. A. lateral view; B. mesial view. Abbreviations: hco = hyomandibular condyle for opercle; hfen = hyomandibular foramen for entrance of the hyomandibular nerve trunk; hfex = hyomandibular foramen for exit of the hyomandibular nerve trunk; hj = hyomandibular joint for skull; hpd = hyomandibular posterodorsal process; hy = hyomandibula; iop = interopercle; mp = metapterygoid; odp = opercular dorsal process for insertion of dilatator operculi and levator operculi; op = opercle; pfen = preopercular foramen for entrance of the cutaneous nerve branch of the external mandibular branch of the facial nerve; pfex1 = first preopercular foramen for exit of the cutaneous nerve branch of the external mandibular branch of the facial nerve; pfex2 = second preopercular foramen for exit of the cutaneous nerve branch of the external mandibular branch of the facial nerve; pop = preopercle; q = quadrate; qac = quadrate articular condyle for anguloarticular. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 3. Skull, Weberian capsule, and premaxilla-maxilla-autopalatine complex of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16931, 30.3 mm SL, paratype (c&s), in dorsal view. Abbreviations: acf = anterior cranial fontanel; ao = antorbital; ap = autopalatine; cmx = coronomaxillar cartilage; eb = epiphyseal bar; eo = epioccipital; fr = frontal; io10–11 = infraorbital laterosensory pores 10 and 11; le = lateral ethmoid; ll1–2 = trunk lateral line pores 1 and 2; llo = lateral line tubular ossicle; me = mesethmoid; mx = maxilla; pcf = posterior cranial fontanel; pmx = premaxilla; po1–2 = postorbital laterosensory pores 1 and 2; pt = pterotic; pte-sc = posttemporo-supracleithrum; so4 = supraorbital laterosensory pore 4; so6 = supraorbital laterosensory pore 6 (epiphyseal); sp+po+ps = complex bone formed by sphenotic, prootic, and pterosphenoid; ss = sesamoid supraorbital (= barbular of de Pinna et al., 2020); su = supraoccipital; wc = Weberian capsule. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 6. Tridimensional model of the left premaxilla-maxilla-autopalatine complex of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype. Arrows point to autopalatine nerve foramen, incomplete in this side of the specimen (but complete on the right side, see Fig. 4). A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. frontodorsal view. Abbreviations: ao = antorbital; ap = autopalatine; mx = maxilla; pmx = premaxilla; ss = sesamoid supraorbital (= barbular of de Pinna et al., 2020). Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 5. Tridimensional model of the skull and Weberian capsule of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype, in posterior view. Left Weberian capsule transversally cut in half for visualization of internal chamber. Arrow points to the posterior tip of the left tripus, inside the capsule. Abbreviations: bo+ex = complex bone formed by basioccipital plus exoccipital; eo = epioccipital; pt = pterotic; pte-sc = posttemporo-supracleithrum; su = supraoccipital; wc = Weberian capsule. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 2. Anterior body region of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype, in dorsal view. Arrow points to skin fold on the posterodorsal surface of the maxillary-barbel base. Abbreviations: io10–11 = infraorbital laterosensory pores 10 and 11; ll1–2 = trunk lateral line pores 1 and 2; po1–2 = postorbital laterosensory pores 1 and 2; so4 = supraorbital laterosensory pore 4; so6 = supraorbital laterosensory pore 6 (epiphyseal). Scale bar = 3 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 7. Tridimensional model of the left lower jaw of Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype: A. lateral view; B. mesial view; C. anterolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anguloarticular; af = articular facet for quadrate; cp = coronoid process; d = dentary; ds = dentary symphysis; Mc = groove for Meckel's cartilage. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Anatomy, ecology, and behavior of a new species of Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from coastal drainages in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with comments on the monophyly and phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 1. Scleronema carijo, new species, LIRP 16930, 37.2 mm SL, holotype, in left lateral (above) and dorsal view. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 4. Chusquea riparia. A. Culm segment with a in Morphological, geographic and ecological evidence support a new species of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) from Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Chusquea riparia. A. Culm segment with a nodal region showing branching pattern, branches, foliage leaves, and culm leaf in situ. B. Culm leaf adaxial view. C. Bud complement. D. Foliage leaf with sheath and the base of the blade. E. Reproductive branch with a terminal synflorescence. F. Spikelet (A–C Pianissola et al. 114, D Pianissola et al.155, E–F Leoni 3613). Illustration by Pétala G. Ribeiro.
FIGURE 3. Chusquea riparia. A–B. Culms and branches. C in Morphological, geographic and ecological evidence support a new species of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) from Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Chusquea riparia. A–B. Culms and branches. C. Young culm showing modified extravaginal branching and culm leaf releasing itself (above) and one deciduous culm leaf blade (below). D. Synflorescence and foliage leaf blades. (Photos by Evandro Pianissola).
FIGURE 9 in Two new Thereus species from Peru, with notes on ecological niche partitioning (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae)
FIGURE 9. Type locality of Thereus tierralinda sp. nov., with the Manu Road going through Chontachaca on the North along the Cosñipata river (source: Google Earth).
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