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Fig. 1 in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)

Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Biobiocoris setosus, Chileria andina, C. araucana, C. colla, C. pamparum, Hadronemella argentina, and Hyporhinocoris fratruelis. Specimens of H. fratruelis (A–D) show color and total length variation among males and females.

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Fig. 7. Chileria araucana and C in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)

Fig. 7. Chileria araucana and C. colla. Male genitalia: vesica; genital capsule and parameres in situ; and phallotheca. C. araucana specimen (paratype) is teneral. The gray arrow on C. colla indicates where variation in serration on the short (lateral) portion of the anteriorly directed ramus occurs. Black arrow indicates position of longer (medial) portion of ramus in paratype, and dotted line indicates usual position of this portion of the ramus in other specimens.

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Fig. 2. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Orthotylus chilensis, O. chullan, O. kikin, O. kakan, O in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)

Fig. 2. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Orthotylus chilensis, O. chullan, O. kikin, O. kakan, O. tafoensis, and Saileria bella. Specimens of O. kikin (A–C, arrows) show variation on embolium coloration from brown to white.

Figures 33–41. Polyphylla uteana Tanner. 33–36 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 33–41. Polyphylla uteana Tanner. 33–36) Holotype male. 37) Holotype labels. 38–40) Male variation. 41) Female.

Figures 28–32. Polyphylla avittata 28 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 28–32. Polyphylla avittata 28) Distribution of P. avittata Hardy and Andrews (solid circles) and P. uteana Tanner (black vertical lines). 29–32) Variation of male. 29) Hurricane Sand Dunes, Washington Co., UT (topotype). 30) Goblin Valley State Park, Emory Co., UT. 31) Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument, Garfield Co., UT. 32) 3 miles N of Moab, Grand Co., UT.

Figures 48–49. Polyphylla. Males. 48 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 48–49. Polyphylla. Males. 48) Polyphylla mescalerensis Young [topotype]. Mescalero Sand Dunes, Chaves County, New Mexico. 49) Polyphylla sp. incertae. Cerro San Luis, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Figures 50–57. Habitats. 50–51 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 50–57. Habitats. 50–51) Polyphylla anivallis. Animas Valley Sand Dunes, Hidalgo Co., NM. 52–53) Polyphylla koso. Coso Mountains, Inyo Co., CA. 52) Coso Bridge. 53) Mill Springs Canyon. 54–55) Polyphylla morroensis. Baywood Fine Sands, San Luis Obispo Co., CA. 56–57) Polyphylla socorriana. El Socorro Sand Dunes, Baja California, MX.

Figures 42–47 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 42–47. Described females and comparative male. Polyphylla monahansensis Hardy and Andrews. 42) Male. 43–44) Female. Polyphylla stellata Young. 45) Male. 46–47) Female.

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FIGURES 99–102. Distribution maps. 99. Silhouettella curieusei Benoit, 1979 in Indian Ocean goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae): four new species of pelicinoids from Madagascar, with a redescription of the type species Silhouettella curieusei Benoit, 1979

FIGURES 99–102. Distribution maps. 99. Silhouettella curieusei Benoit, 1979, triangle; Silhouettella perismontes, new species, circle. 100. Silhouettella perisalma, new species, circles. 101. Noideattella sylvnata, new species, circles. 102. Noideattella omby, new species, circles.

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Text-fig. 10. The chronostratigraphic position of the sites of Erkertshofen 1, Erkertshofen 2 and Petersbuch 2 and the biochronology of some European Neogene bats in Central Europe (species distribution after Revilliod 1920, Zapfe 1950, Rachl 1983, Ziegler 1993, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, Horáček 2001, Mörs 2002, Ginsburg and Mein 2012, Rosina and Rummel 2012, 2017, Rasser et al. 2013, Rosina et al. 2019). Miocene time scale after Steininger 1999, MN zones modified after Jones 1999, Rögl 1999. in The Early Miocene Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) From The Karstic Sites Of Erkertshofen And Petersbuch 2 (Southern Germany)

Text-fig. 10. The chronostratigraphic position of the sites of Erkertshofen 1, Erkertshofen 2 and Petersbuch 2 and the biochronology of some European Neogene bats in Central Europe (species distribution after Revilliod 1920, Zapfe 1950, Rachl 1983, Ziegler 1993, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, Horáček 2001, Mörs 2002, Ginsburg and Mein 2012, Rosina and Rummel 2012, 2017, Rasser et al. 2013, Rosina et al. 2019). Miocene time scale after Steininger 1999, MN zones modified after Jones 1999, Rögl 1999.

Fig. 4 in Two New Species of Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, with a Discussion of the Distribution of the X. clemenciae Clade

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of the distal part of gonopodia of clemenciaeclade fishes. A. Gonopodium of a X. clemenciae. B. Gonopodium derived from a X. mixei. C. Gonopodium excised from a X. monticolus. Scale bar for X. mixei is 0.5 mm and applies to all three images. Arrowheads depict the most distal spine of ray 3, which differs among taxa (see text).

Fig. 1 in Two New Species of Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, with a Discussion of the Distribution of the X. clemenciae Clade

Fig. 1. Xiphophorus fishes of the Coatzacoalcos River System. A, B. X. mixei female and male. C, D. X. monticolus female and male. E, F. X. clemenciae female and male. G, H. X. helleri female and male. I, J. X. maculatus female and male.

Fig. 3. A in Two New Species of Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, with a Discussion of the Distribution of the X. clemenciae Clade

Fig. 3. A. Photomicrograph of the distal part of a gonopodium of a X. helleri (Rio Robalo). Scale bar is 0.5 mm. B. Closeup of gonopodium shown in panel A, showing anatomical nomenclature used in gonopodial descriptions (after Gordon and Rosen, 1951). Scale bar is 0.16 mm.

Fig. 2 in Two New Species of Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, with a Discussion of the Distribution of the X. clemenciae Clade

Fig. 2. Data points recorded for morphometric measurements. Drawing of a male X. clemenciae with morphological landmarks indicated (see text).

Fig. 12 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 12. Landscape at Misión Tukuko (locality 97; Estado Zulia). Heteromys anomalus was frequently trapped in the disturbed forests in the background (as well as in regenerating thickets and small patches of vegetation along streams), but never in the open anthropogenic pastures in the foreground. Photographed in July 1986 by Robert S. Voss.

Fig. 11 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 11. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA) of type series of Heteromys oasicus and H. anomalus and its synonyms. Adults in age classes 4–6 were used here. PC1type represents a size factor and was multiplied by —1 so that smaller specimens appear to the left and larger ones to the right (table 4). Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among specimens explained), and specimens are marked by the first letter of the following respective series: a, anomalus; b, brachialis; h, hershkovitzi; j, jesupi; o, oasicus; t, Trinidad (Caura, used as an additional sample of the nominotypical anomalus). Note the small size of specimens of H. oasicus, especially in contrast to the holotype of H. anomalus.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 10. Plot of rostral length (RL) versus age class for specimens of Heteromys oasicus from the Península de Paraguana´, Venezuela (A) and of H. anomalus from Latal, Venezuela (•). Rostral length was chosen to represent overall size here, because it correlated highly with growth in the group (Anderson, unpubl.) and was available for most specimens from Paraguana´. Age classes do not represent a continuous variable (such as age in days), but rather categories roughly corresponding to relative age (see text and Voss et al., 1990). Note the extremely small size of specimens of H. oasicus, with the adult in age class 5 smaller than individuals of age class 2 in the Latal sample of H. anomalus.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 9. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the canonical variates analysis (CVA) of geographic variation performed on specimens of Heteromys in age class 4 from the 13 geographic samples. Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among centroids of geographic samples explained). Specimens of H. oasicus are marked by solid triangles, and individuals of H. anomalus are denoted by circles (solid circles for the South American mainland and open circles for the island of Trinidad). The first canonical axis can be interpreted as a measure of size (table 3), with large specimens having positive scores.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 8. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA) of geographic variation performed on 174 specimens of Heteromys in age class 4 without regard to geographic sample. PC1geo represents a size factor and was here multiplied by —1 so that smaller specimens appear to the left and larger ones to the right (table 1). Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among specimens explained). Specimens of H. oasicus are marked by solid triangles, and individuals of H. anomalus are denoted by circles (solid circles for the South American mainland and open circles for the island of Trinidad). Note the strikingly small size of specimens of H. oasicus.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 7. Dorsal views of skulls of Heteromys anomalus from Tukuko (Zulia, Venezuela), Valera (Trujillo, Venezuela), and Caura (Trinidad) and of H. oasicus from the Península de Paraguaná (Falcón, Venezuela). All specimens are males in age class 4.