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FIGURE 12 Male genitalia. Surstyle lobe. Ventral view, A in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 12 Male genitalia. Surstyle lobe. Ventral view, A) Merodon nitidifrons, B) Merodon alagoezicus, C) Merodon satdagensis (basal extension marked with arrow), D) Merodon schachti, E) Merodon hakkariensis, F) Merodon lucasi (lamellar structure marked with arrow). Scale: 0.2 mm. al–anterior lobe of surstylus, pl–posterior lobe of surstylus.

FIGURE 15A AND 15B in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 15A AND 15B Strict consensus tree based on 896 equally parsimonious trees from analysis of combined 3'- and 5'- fragments of the COI gene. Length 2169 steps, Consistency index (CI) 32, Retention index (RI) 71. Filled circles represent non-homoplasious changes and open circles are homoplasious changes. Bootstrap support values are depicted near nodes (≥50). Numbers and letters after the species name referred to the DNA labcode IDs.

FIGURE 11 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 11 Abdomen of male. Dorsal view, A) Merodon rutitarsis sp. n., B) Merodon quadraticus, C) Merodon toscanus. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 20 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 20 Metaleg of male (without metatarsi). Lateral view, A) Merodon longisetus sp. n., B) Merodon obstipus sp. n., C) Merodon cohurnus sp. n., D) Merodon rutitarsis sp. n. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 18 Antenna. Lateral view, A in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 18 Antenna. Lateral view, A) Merodon longisetus sp. n., male, B) Merodon longisetus sp. n., female, C) Merodon obstipus sp. n., male, D) Merodon obstipus sp. n., female, E) Merodon cohurnus sp. n., male. Scale: 0.5 mm. gl–basoflagellomere.

FIGURE 14 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 14 Tarsomeres of male. A) Merodon avidus, protarsus, dorsal view, B) Merodon avidus, protarsus, ventral view, C) Merodon avidus, metatarsus, dorsal view, D) Merodon avidus, metatarsus, ventral view, E) Merodon nigritarsis, protarsus, dorsal view, F) Merodon nigritarsis, protarsus, ventral view, G) Merodon nigritarsis, metatarsus, dorsal view, H) Merodon nigritarsis, metatarsus, ventral view, I) Merodon femoratus, protarsus, dorsal view, J) Merodon femoratus, metatarsus, dorsal view, K) Merodon rutitarsis sp. n., metatarsus, dorsal view. Scale: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 27 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 27 Male genitalia of Merodon obstipus sp. n. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) surstyle lobe, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view, D) anterior end of male genitalia, ventral view. Scale: 0.5 mm. al–anterior lobe of surstylus, c–circus, l–lingual, pl– posterior lobe of surstylus.

FIGURE 34 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 34 Photos of localities. A) the habitat of M. flavitibius, Arailer (Armenia), rich mesophilous mountain grasslands, 2100 m asl., B) the joint habitat of M. brevis and M. flavitibius, Boghaqar (Armenia), edges of deciduous mountain forest with shrubs and grasslands, 1340–1400 m asl, C) The habitat of M. brevis, Tsghuk (Armenia). Subalpine meadows, ruderal vegetation (herbaceous legumes, Carduus) on roadsides. 2100 m asl, D) the habitat of M. aberrans, Vršac Mountains, 300 m asl., Serbia. PHOTO BY GRIGORY POPOV (A-C) AND TAMARA TOT (D).

FIGURE 33 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 33 Maximum Likelihood tree based on the General Time Reversible model constructed by MEGA version 7.0. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 1.9228)). The rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionarily invariable ([+I], 63.3530 % sites). Bootstrap support values (≥50) are shown near nodes.

FIGURE 32 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 32 Holotype of Merodon brevis, male. A) metafemur and metatibia of the left leg, lateral view, B) male genitalia, lateral view, C) metafemur and metatibia of the right leg, lateral view, D) male genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 30 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 30 Body parts of Merodon brevis. A) metaleg of male, lateral view, B) metaleg of female, lateral view, C) thorax of male, lateral view.

FIGURE 29 A in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 29 A) Merodon brevis, head of male, lateral view, B) M. brevis, head of female, lateral view, C) M. aberrans, antenna of male, lateral view, D) M. brevis, antenna of male, lateral view, E) M. retectus sp. nov., antenna of male, lateral view, F) M. aberrans, antenna of female, lateral view, G) M. brevis, antenna of female, lateral view, H) M. retectus sp. nov., antenna of female, lateral view. Abbreviations: x, distance from top of basoflagellomere and most prominent point of pedicel; y, width of basoflagellomere at level of base of arista.

FIGURE 26 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 26 Male genitalia of Merodon retectus sp. nov. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; c, cercus; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.

FIGURE 31 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 31 Male genitalia of Merodon brevis. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; c, cercus; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.

FIGURE 24 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 24 Body parts of Merodon retectus sp. nov., male. A) abdomen, dorsal view, B) abdomen, lateral view, C) thorax, lateral view.

FIGURE 28 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 28 Body of Merodon brevis. A) male, lateral view, B) abdomen of male, dorsal view, C) female, lateral view, D) female, dorsal view.

FIGURE 23 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 23 Metaleg of Merodon retectus sp. nov. A) male, lateral view, B) female, lateral view, C) metatibia and metatarsus of male, dorsal view. Dorsolateral stripe of long pile on metafemur marked with arrow.

FIGURE 22 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 22 Male genitalia of Merodon petiolatus sp. nov. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; c, cercus; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.

FIGURE 16 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 16 Body parts of Merodon hamifer. A) head of male, frontal view, B) head of female, lateral view, C) abdomen of male, dorsal view, D) abdomen of female, dorsal view, E) thorax of male, lateral view.

FIGURE 11 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 11 Male genitalia of Merodon warnckei. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.