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1,659 results for “structured population”
Data from: Sexual selection in complex communities: integrating interspecific reproductive interference in structured populations
The social structure of populations plays a key role in shaping variation in sexual selection. In nature, sexual selection occurs in communities of interacting species, however heterospecifics are rarely included in characterisations of social structure. Heterospecifics can influence the reproductive outcomes of intrasexual competition by interfering with intraspecific sexual interactions (interspecific reproductive interference; IRI). We outline the need for studies of sexual selection to incorporate heterospecifics as part of the social environment. We use simulations to show that classic predictions for the effect of social structure on sexual selection are altered by an interaction between social structure and IRI. This interaction has wide-ranging implications for patterns of sexual conflict and kin-selected reproductive strategies in socially structured populations. Our work bridges the gap between sexual selection research on social structure and IRI, and highlights future directions to study sexual selection in interacting communities.
Genomic inbreeding and population structure of northern pike (Esox lucius) in Xinjiang, China
<p>Northern pike (Esox lucius) is originally only distributed in the Irtysh River, and now spread into many habitats in Xinjiang, China. A total of four populations were collected from north to south in Xinjiang, including Irtysh River (RIR), Ulungu Lake (LUL), a small lake nearby Ulungu River (LJD) and Bosten Lake (LBO). We estimated population genomic parameters, performed gene flow analysis, and estimated the effective population size of each population.</p>
Figure 2 in Population structure of a native and an alien species of snail in an urban area of the Atlantic Rainforest
Figure 2. Detectability probability (A), abundance (B) and recruitment (C) estimated for Megalobulimus paranaguensis during the study. The error bars show 90% confidence intervals.
Figure 1 in Population structure of a native and an alien species of snail in an urban area of the Atlantic Rainforest
Figure 1. Study site location in Brazil (A; shown in rectangle) and in detail (B; shown in the rectangle), and study areas inside the study site (C; image from Google Earth).
Figure 7 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 7. Seasonal changes in the flux of adult females, lipid accumulation (upper panels) and gonad maturation (lower panels) composition (stage I−III) of C6F (a, d) Calanus hyperboreus; (b, e) Metridia longa; and (c, f) Paraeuchaeta glacialis.
Figure 4 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 4. Seasonal changes in the copepod flux and species composition at St. NAPt from October 2010 to September 2012.
Figure 6 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 6. Vertical distribution of the prosome length ratios of the copepods (PLOkhotsk: PLOyashio) (left) and temperature anomalies (°C: TOkhotsk – TOyashio) (right) between the Okhotsk Sea (St. OK24) and Oyashio region (St. 19) evaluated by IONESS from October to November 1996. The vertical distribution of each copepod is calculated by daily duplicate samples in the Okhotsk Sea (symbols and bars indicate the means and standard deviations of D50%, respectively). For inter-oceanic comparison, the dashed lines in each panel indicate that the positions of values of both regions are equal.
Figure 6 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 6. Seasonal changes in the flux and copepodid stage composition of the four large calanoid copepods: (a) Calanus hyperboreus; (b) Metridia longa; (c) Paraeuchaeta glacialis; and (d) Heterorhabdus norvegicus.
Figure 2 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 2. Seasonal changes in depth (a) and temperature (b) of the sediment trap at St. NAPt from October 2010 to September 2012. The current velocity at 188 and 275 m at St. NAPt (c) was estimated by a physical ocean general circulation model.
Figure 1 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 1. The location of St. NAPt (Northwind Abyssal Plain) in the western Arctic Ocean where the sediment trap was moored at a depth of approximately 184–260 m from October 2010 to September 2012.
Figure 5 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 5. (a) Seasonal changes in the flux and copepodid stage composition of the dominant copepod Oncaea parila (Poecilostomatoida). *C6F with egg sacs occurred. (b) The relationship between O. parila flux and the total mass flux. A positive relationship was detected in 2010–2011 (first year).
Figure 1 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 1. Location of the sampling stations in the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region from September to December in 1996–1998. ○: closing net sampling, ●: closing net and IONESS sampling.
Genome-wide SNPs detect no evidence of genetic population structure for reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in southern Mozambique
Little is known about the extent of genetic connectivity along continuous coastlines in manta rays or whether site visitation is influenced by relatedness. Such information is pertinent to defining population boundaries and understanding localised dispersal patterns and behaviour. Here, we use 3057 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate population genetic structure and assess levels of relatedness at aggregation sites of reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in southern Mozambique (n = 114). Contrary to indications of limited dispersal along the southern Mozambican coastline inferred from photo identification and telemetry studies, our results show no evidence of population structure (non-significant FST <0.001) for M. alfredi along this coast. We also found no evidence that individuals sampled at the same site were more related than expected by chance for males, females or across both sexes, suggesting kinship may not influence visitation pattern s at these sites. We estimated the effective population size (Ne) of this population to be 375 (95% CI = 369-380). Comparison to a distant eastern Indian Ocean site (Western Australia; n = 15) revealed strong genetic differentiation between Mozambique and Western Australia (FST = 0.377), identifying the Indian Ocean basin as a barrier to dispersal. Our findings show that genetic connectivity in M. alfredi extends for several hundred kilometres along continuous coastlines. We therefore recommend the population in Mozambique be considered a discrete management unit and future conservation plans should prioritize integrated strategies along the entire southern coastline.
Data and code for: Dietzel et al. Long-term shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the Great Barrier Reef
<p>The age or size structure of a population has a marked influence on its demography and reproductive capacity. While declines in coral cover are well documented, concomitant shifts in the size frequency distribution of coral colonies are rarely measured at large spatial scales. Here we document major shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the 2,300km length of the Great Barrier Reef over the past two decades. Coral colony abundances on reef crests and slopes have declined sharply across all colony size classes and in all coral taxa compared to historical baselines. Declines were particularly pronounced in the Northern and Central regions of the Great Barrier Reef, following mass coral bleaching in 2016 and 2017. The relative abundances of large colonies remained relatively stable, but this apparent stability masks steep declines in absolute abundance. The potential for recovery of older fecund corals is uncertain given the increasing frequency and intensity of disturbance events. The systematic decline in smaller colonies across regions, habitats and taxa, suggests that a decline in recruitment has further eroded the recovery potential and resilience of coral populations.</p>
Genetic diversity and structure of wild Vaccinium populations - V. myrtillus, V.vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum in the Baltic States
<p>V. myrtillus L., V. vitis-idaea L. and V. uliginosum L. belong to the genus Vaccinium. These wild species are widely distributed and ecologically important within the Baltic countries but they have not been extensively studied using molecular markers. EST-SSR and cpSSR markers were used to investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of these species to obtain information useful for the development of in situ conservation strategies for these species.</p> <p>Wild Vaccinium species populations are moderately genetically differentiated, with some populations more highly differentiated, but without higher order clustering of groups of populations, indicating that there are no dispersal barriers for these species within the Baltic countries. Genetic diversity of populations growing in protected areas, managed forests and intensively utilised public recreational areas is similar.</p>
Genetic population structure constrains local adaptation in sticklebacks
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Repeated and independent adaptation to specific environmental conditions from standing genetic variation is common. However, if genetic variation is limited, the evolution of similar locally adapted traits may be restricted to genetically different and potentially less optimal solutions or prevented from happening altogether. Using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach, we identified the genomic regions responsible for the repeated pelvic reduction (PR) in three crosses between nine-spined stickleback populations expressing full and reduced pelvic structures. In one cross, PR mapped to linkage group 7 (LG7) containing the gene<i> Pitx1</i>, known to control pelvic reduction also in the three-spined stickleback. In the two other crosses, PR was polygenic and attributed to ten novel QTL, of which 90% were unique to specific crosses. When screening the genomes from 27 different populations for deletions in the <i>Pitx1</i> regulatory element, these were only found in the population in which PR mapped to LG7, even though the morphological data indicated large effect QTL for PR in several other populations as well. Consistent with the available theory and simulations parameterised on empirical data, we hypothesise that the observed variability in genetic architecture of PR is due to heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of standing genetic variation caused by >2x stronger population structuring among freshwater populations and >10x stronger genetic isolation by distance in the sea in nine-spined sticklebacks as compared to three-spined sticklebacks.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figures 1-2 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figures 1-2 Specimens of Leptopanchax opalescens: (1) female, 24.0 mm TL, hyaline bode and fins; (2) male, 28.8 mm TL). Letters indicating patterns of body and fin color in male: (a) red band on the distal margins of the dorsal and anal fins; (b) gold band below and parallel to the red band in the dorsal fin; (c) red body with diffuse light spots; (d) vermiculate red spots in the anal fin. More photos are available in the Fig. S1). Scale bar: 5 mm.
Supplementary material 2 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Table S1. References for the occurrence of Leptopanchax opalescens and synonyms as shown in Fig, 2.
Figure 6 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figure 6 Length-weight relationship (LWR) of Leptopanchax opalescens in the Guandu River Basin, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Figure 5 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figure 5 Monthly average and standard deviation (vertical dashes) of the catch per unit area (CPUA: number of individuals/m2) of Leptopanchax. opalescens between November 2019 and April 2020.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.