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Рис. 4. Поселение Константиновка-1: А – раскоп 2. Остатки полуЗемлЯнки (жилиЩе 4); В – раскоп 3. Остатки (погреб) котлована постройки № 40. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 4. Поселение Константиновка-1: А – раскоп 2. Остатки полуЗемлЯнки (жилиЩе 4); В – раскоп 3. Остатки (погреб) котлована постройки № 40.

Рис. 5. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопов памЯтника Константиновка-1: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, пласт 6, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина раковины 49.3 мм; C, D – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 40.8 мм; G, H – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 41.6 мм; I–K – раскоп 1, пласт 1, квадрат Б2, длина фрагмента 35.8 мм; E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), подъемный материал, длина фрагмента 100.7 мм. Fig. 5. Marine bivalves from the Konstantinovka-1 site excavations: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – excavation 3, construction N 40, layer 6, square Ж.3-10, shell length 49.3 mm; C, D – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 40.8 mm; G, H – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 41.6 mm; I–K – excavation 1, formation 1, square B2, fragment length 35.8 mm); E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), lifting material, fragment length 100.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 5. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопов памЯтника Константиновка-1: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, пласт 6, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина раковины 49.3 мм; C, D – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 40.8 мм; G, H – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 41.6 мм; I–K – раскоп 1, пласт 1, квадрат Б2, длина фрагмента 35.8 мм; E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), подъемный материал, длина фрагмента 100.7 мм. Fig. 5. Marine bivalves from the Konstantinovka-1 site excavations: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – excavation 3, construction N 40, layer 6, square Ж.3-10, shell length 49.3 mm; C, D – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 40.8 mm; G, H – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 41.6 mm; I–K – excavation 1, formation 1, square B2, fragment length 35.8 mm); E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), lifting material, fragment length 100.7 mm.

Рис. 3. План поселениЯ Константиновка-1 (составлен А.Л. Ивлиевым). Fig. 3. A scheme of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site (a courtesy by A.L. Ivliev). in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 3. План поселениЯ Константиновка-1 (составлен А.Л. Ивлиевым). Fig. 3. A scheme of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site (a courtesy by A.L. Ivliev).

Рис. 1. Схема расположениЯ поселениЯ Константиновка-1 на карте ПриморьЯ. Fig. 1. A location map of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site in Primorye. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)

Рис. 1. Схема расположениЯ поселениЯ Константиновка-1 на карте ПриморьЯ. Fig. 1. A location map of the Konstantinovka-1 archaeological site in Primorye.

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dryad40/100

Data from: Coyotes display minimal response to Cougar scent at experimental carcass sites

Interactions among predators can have cascading impacts on communities and ecosystems. These interactions often occur around carrion, where the carrion provides a food reward, but also a risk of encountering other, potentially dominant, predators. Understanding how predators balance risk and reward at carrion, and how perceived risk changes in response to carcass origins and conditions, provides valuable insight into intraguild interactions. We investigated Coyote (Canis latrans) behavior at carrion simulated as cache sites treated with Cougar (Puma concolor) scent versus carrion used as control sites to better understand how Coyotes assess risk while feeding on carrion. Coyotes displayed similar behavior between sites treated and untreated with Cougar scent, suggesting that the presence of Cougar scent did not alter perceived risk by coyotes in our study. Instead, coyote behavior responded to carcass age, elevation, and whether avian scavengers had visited the carcass. Coyotes spent more time feeding, more time on camera, and touched carcasses quicker as carcass age increased. Avian scavengers appeared to compete with Coyotes, and while the presence of avian scavengers reduced time to carcass detection by Coyotes, it also decreased time spent feeding. These results suggest that carcass condition is a more important indicator of risk and reward than the presence of dominant predator scent to Coyotes. Predator scent may be an unreliable cue of immediate predator presence. Alternatively, all carcasses may be risky because dominant predators also scavenge carrion, creating similar risk regardless of previous visitation by dominant predators. These results provide insights into predator interactions and can also inform the use of scent cues in wildlife management.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles – a comparison by forest types, altitude, and sites

The files contain the supporting information and raw data of the masnucript, Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles – a comparison by forest types, altitude, and sites. It includes the following: Raw Data: Suppl. Table 1: Details of sampling sites (Sri Lanka); L number, coordinates, elevation, elevation zone and forest types. Elevation zones; EZ1: 0-500m, EZ2: 501-1000m, EZ3: 1001-1500m, EZ4: 1501-2000m, EZ5; 2001-2500m. Forest types; WL: evergreen wet lowland forests, DL: evergreen dry lowland forests, SM: sub-montane forests, MO: montane forests. Suppl. Table 2. Morphometric measurements and metadata of all studied specimens. Metadata include species identification, voucher number, occurrence data regarding sampling location in Sri Lanka, elevation zone (EZ), and forest type (F). Units of measurements are mm. WL: evergreen wet lowland forests, LD: evergreen dry lowland forests, SM: sub-montane forests, MO: montane forests; EZ1: 0-500m, EZ2: 501-1000m, EZ3: 1001-1500m, EZ4: 1501-2000m, EZ5; 2001-2500m; L1: Aranayake; L2: Riverston; L3: NIFS Arboretum; L4: Deenston; L5: Nuwara Eliya; L6: Horton Plains; L8: Hiyare; L9: Kottawa; L10: Kanneliya; L11: Piduruthalagala; L12: Uda Peradeniya; L13: Gannoruwa; L14: Udawattakele. Morphological measurements abbreviations are explained in Sup. Fig.1. Results: Suppl. Table 3: Proportion of variance explained by PC axes in principal component analysis for the data subsets of lineages (derived from shape and size data). Values of axes reflecting the 95% of explained cumulative variation are highlighted in bold. Suppl. Table 4: Euclidean distances between species (mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by forest types and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). WL: Wet lowland; DL: Dry lowland; SM: Sub-montane; MO: Montane. Suppl. Table 5: Euclidean distances between species mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by elevational zones and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). EZ1: 0-500m. EZ2: 501-1000m. EZ3: 1001-1500m. EZ4: 1501-2000m. EZ5: 2001-2500m. Suppl. Table 6: Euclidean distances between species (mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by localities (L1-14), and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Suppl. Table 7: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for shape and size forest types and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. WL: Wet lowland; DL: Dry lowland; SM: Sub-montane; MO: Montane. Suppl. Table 8: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores for shape and size partitioned for elevational zones and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. EZ1: 0-500m. EZ2: 501-1000m. EZ3: 1001-1500m. EZ4: 1501-2000m. EZ5: 2001-2500m. Suppl. Table 9: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for localities and lineages for shape (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. Suppl. Table 10: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for localities and lineages for size (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics.   Figure S1. Illustration of the measured morphological traits (after Eberle et al., 2014). Schematic drawings of a Sericini beetle, in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral aspect. Body: BH - maximal body height, EH - maximal elytra height, EL - maximal elytra length, Eld - maximal diagonal elytra length, Elmb - length from maximal body width to elytral apex, EW - maximal elytra width, Ewb - elytral width at middle of scutellum, PL - maximal pronotum length, PW - maximal pronotum width; Head: ED - maximal eye diameter, HW - maximal head with including eyes, IOD - minimal interocular distance (dorsal view); Legs: MCL - maximal length of metacoxa, MFL - maximal length of metafemur, MFW - maximal width of metafemur, MTL - maximal length of metatibia, MTW - maximal width of metatibia, PFL - maximal length of profemur, PFW - maximal width of profemur, PTL - maximal length of protibia. Figure S2. Biplots of PC1 and 2 from principal components analysis, illustrating trait contribution to the principal patterns of morphospace (raw measurements). Trait abbreviations are explained in Figure S1. Figure S3. Patterns of morphospace disparity of all Pleurosticts derived from raw measurements in individual localities. Symbols represent genus or other family-group level, color of symbols single species.   Figure S4. Patterns of morphospace disparity of Sericini derived from raw measurements in individual localities. Colored dots represent single species. Locality L12 had no Sericini recorded.   Figure S5. Patterns of morphospace disparity (PCA plots of PC1 and PC2) derived from raw measurements of Sericini chafers partitioned for forest types (A), elevation zones (B), localities (C)(enlarged visualization from Fig. 2). Colored dots represent single species, outlines grouping entities grouped by forest types, elevation zone, or locality.

Fig. 10 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 10. Comparison of the relative abundance, measured as the number of adult Eleutherodactylus coqui observed per sampling night in the experimental transect where artificial coqui houses were made available, versus the control.

Fig. 6 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 6. Variation in operative temperatures measured by frog agar models in typical forest microhabitats after Hurricane Maria, showing a significant decrease during the cool-dry season (in blue) during midday (A), and nighttime (B).

Fig. 8 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 8. Bar graphs showing coqui house occupancy rate by Eleutherodactylus coqui during the length of this study by daytime (A), and by nighttime (B) surveys. The shaded area in (A) denotes sampling in months during the cool-dry season.

Fig. 7 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 7. Box plots showing variation in forest microhabitat temperature by day (A) and night (B) during the cool-dry season (February) of 2015 (a non-hurricane year), and in 2019, 17 months after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.

Fig. 5 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 5. Drastic changes in temperature at the transects in the Palo Colorado forest of El Yunque as a consequence of Hurricane Maria. (A) Ambient temperatures registered by HOBO data logger in the forest understory before, during, and shortly after Hurricane Maria. (B–C) Box plots showing variation in forest microhabitat temperature by day and at night during the month of September in 2015 (a non-hurricane year), and in 2017, the year that Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.

Fig. 2 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 2. Change in forest structure in the Palo Colorado forest transect (El Yunque) due to Hurricane Maria and corresponding damage/recovery stages according to Table 1. (A) Before the hurricane. (B) Same site after the hurricane, stage 1. (C) Moderate recuperation, stage 3. (D–E) Canopy dominated by Sierra Palm fronds showing signs of further recuperation of original understory vegetation, stage 4.

Fig. 9 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 9. Different uses ascribed to the two types of artificial habitats (=coqui houses) placed in the forest. (A) Coqui frog using bamboo house as retreat site during the day. (B) Bamboo house used as nesting site with a double clutch. Note that eggs are observed but the guarding male jumped away as the photo was taken. (C) PVC house used by a coqui as a nocturnal perching site. (D) PVC house used by a coqui as a calling site during the night.

Fig. 1 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Fig. 1. Map showing the location of El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, and the location of the study transects.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

AWT_Site_SD

The binary value (snow/no-snow) snow depth dataset based on ground stations for product validation, associated with following manuscript: Title: MODIS Daily Cloud-gap-filled Fractional Snow Cover Dataset of the Asian Water Tower Region (2000-2022). Authors:Fangbo Pan, Lingmei Jiang, Gongxue Wang, Jinmei Pan, Jinyu Huang, Cheng Zhang, Huizhen Cui, Jianwei Yang, Zhaojun Zheng, Shengli Wu, Jiancheng Shi

Рис. 4. Пресноводные двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 2 поселениЯ ЧернЯтино-2: А, B – фрагменты жемчужниц Dahurinaia dahurica, C–G – створки перловиц Middendorffinaia mongolica. Масштабные линейки 1 см. in Additional data on mollusks of the archaeological site Chernyatino-2 (Primorye)

Рис. 4. Пресноводные двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 2 поселениЯ ЧернЯтино-2: А, B – фрагменты жемчужниц Dahurinaia dahurica, C–G – створки перловиц Middendorffinaia mongolica. Масштабные линейки 1 см.

Рис. 3. Фрагменты раковин брюхоногих Cipangopaludina иЗ раскопа 2 поселениЯ ЧернЯтино-2. МасштабнаЯ линейка 1 см. in Additional data on mollusks of the archaeological site Chernyatino-2 (Primorye)

Рис. 3. Фрагменты раковин брюхоногих Cipangopaludina иЗ раскопа 2 поселениЯ ЧернЯтино-2. МасштабнаЯ линейка 1 см.

Рис. 2. Брюхоногие моллюски иЗ раскопа 2 поселениЯ ЧернЯтино-2: A–C – Discus perspectivus, D, E – Juga tegulata, F – Juga amurensis. Масштабные линейки 1 мм (A–C) и 5 мм (D–F). in Additional data on mollusks of the archaeological site Chernyatino-2 (Primorye)

Рис. 2. Брюхоногие моллюски иЗ раскопа 2 поселениЯ ЧернЯтино-2: A–C – Discus perspectivus, D, E – Juga tegulata, F – Juga amurensis. Масштабные линейки 1 мм (A–C) и 5 мм (D–F).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2017View details →

Fig. 2 in Preliminary observations on the circadian variation in site fidelity in Atelopus hoogmoedi (Lescure, 1974) (Anura, Bufonidae)

Fig. 2. Geographical overview of the study area. (A) Map of the Iwokrama Forest Reserve and its location in Guyana (top right corner). The red line crossing Iwokrama corresponds to the Linden-Lethem Road. (B) Relief map of the Iwokrama Mountains with Turu Falls represented by a black triangle (N 4°24.770' W 58°47.061'). (C) Portion of the trail between Turu Falls camp and the Linden-Lethem Road monitored, with dots corresponding to Atelopus individuals (from A1 - N 4°24.742', W 58°47.130' to A14 - N 4°24.750', W 58°47.128'). A and B from Kok et al. (2013).