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Fig. 3 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on partial sequences of the large subunit 28S rRNA gene. Nodal support is shown as posterior probability and bootstrap. GenBank accession number precedes species name. Branch length scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. (//) Branch length reduced to one time the scale bar; (///) branch length reduced to two times the scale bar. Squares represent Posterior Probability values while circles represent Bootstrap values.

Fig. 3 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 3. Representative horizontal section of anterior (at) and posterior (pt) testes. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 2. Representative sagittal sections at the level of the terminal genitalium. (A) Whole image. Arrowhead indicates the genital pore. Thickness of sections: 5 μm (A, B), 10 μm (C). (B) A pharynx of the typical Calicophoron type. (C) A terminal genitalium of the typical Raja type. a: acetabulum, p: pharynx, pm: pars musculosa, t: testis, u: uterus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (A), 0.2 mm (B), and 0.2 mm (C).

Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 1. Representative sagittal sections of Laurer's canal (A, C, E) and the excretory duct (B, D, F). Arrowheads indicate the orifice of Laurer's canal. Arrows indicate the excretory pore. a: acetabulum, e: excretory bladder, ed: excretory duct, p: pharynx, pm: pars musculosa, t: testis, l: Laurer's canal. Thickness of sections: 5 μm (A, B, D-F), 10 μm (C). Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B) and 0.5 mm (C–F).

Fig. 4 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. Nodal support is shown as posterior probability and bootstrap. GenBank accession number precedes species name. Branch length scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. (//) Branch length reduced to one time the scale bar. Squares represent Posterior Probability values while circles represent Bootstrap values.

Fig. 2 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of an immature specimen of Eniochobothrium acostae n. sp. from the South-western Indian Ocean off Scottburgh and Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A, entire strobila; B, scolex; C, genital pore; D, trough formed by non-reproductive proglottids of the anterior strobila.

Fig. 1 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 1. Line drawings of Eniochobothrium acostae n. sp. from the South-western Indian Ocean off Scottburgh and Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A, outline of entire cestode; B, mature proglottid; C, early gravid proglottid; D, trough formed by non-reproductive proglottids of the anterior strobila; E, scolex; F, terminal genitalia; G, cocoon with eggs. Abbreviations: c (cirrus); cs (cirrus sac); ex (excretory canal); gp (genital pore); isv (internal seminal vesicle); ot (ootype); ov (ovary); t (testes); u (uterus); vd (vas deferens); vf (vitelline follicle).

Fig. 3 in First report of Crenosoma vulpis in Africa and Eucoleus aerophilus in Algeria

Fig. 3. Map showing the global distribution of Crenosoma vulpis reported in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The positive countries for C. vulpis were marked based on the following references: (Rankin and AuthorAnonymous, 1946; Borgsteede, 1984; Rausch et al., 1990; Alvarez et al., 1991; Peterson et al., 1993; Hoff 1993; Bihr and Conboy, 1999; Reilly et al., 2000; Conboy 2004; Ridyard 2005; Davidson et al., 2006; Rinaldi et al., 2007; M¨orner and Christensson, 2007; Nelson et al., 2007; Subbotin et al., 2008; Barutzki and Schaper, 2009; Popiołek et al., 2009; Taubert et al., 2009; Bagrade et al., 2009; Conboy, 2009; Shahba, 2010; Fataliyev, 2011; Simin et al., 2012; Bruˇzinskait˙e-Schmidhalter et al., 2012; Karkamo et al., 2012; Vergles Rataj et al., 2013; Oyarzún-Cadag´an, 2013; Choi et al., 2014; Yousuf et al., 2014; Tolnai et al., 2015; Lempereur et al., 2016; Hodˇzic´et al., 2016; Bosanˇci´c, 2016; Hajnalova´et al., 2017; Varodi et al., 2017; ˇCabanova´et al., 2018; Figueiredo et al., 2018; Rice 2018; Gavrilovic´et al., 2019; КаМенов and Шинкаренко, 2019; Penagos-Tabares et al., 2019; Deak et al., 2020; Fuehrer et al., 2020; Gillis-Germitsch et al., 2020; Pohly et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2022; Safarov et al., 2022). The locations of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) world distribution were extracted according to IUCN (accessed on January 2023). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2. Adult female Eucoleus aerophilus. a in First report of Crenosoma vulpis in Africa and Eucoleus aerophilus in Algeria

Fig. 2. Adult female Eucoleus aerophilus. a) the anterior extremity; b) note the uterus of the specimen containing lemon-shaped eggs; c) the posterior extremity.

Fig. 1 in First report of Crenosoma vulpis in Africa and Eucoleus aerophilus in Algeria

Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics of Crenosoma vulpis male. a) The anterior part of the nematode showing specific cuticular folds; b) the general appearance of the male nematode; c) posterior end of the worm showing the copulatory bursa and the spicules.

Fig. 7 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 7. Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (nMDS) scatter plot explaining the diversity and abundance of the parasite infracommunities of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE) in South Africa. The ordination illustrates the similarity between parasite infracommunities, with a Pearson's correlation vector overlay showing parasitic taxa with a correlation>0.1. Similarity levels (15, 30) were selected based on the hierarchical cluster analyses (Resemblance = 50) of Bray Curtis coefficients.

Fig. 6 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 6. Parasite infracommunity composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE). A – abundance (N); B – species richness (S); C – Brillouin's diversity index (DB); D – Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′); E – Simpson diversity index (D) and F – Pielou's evenness index (J′). The mean and 95% confidence interval of each index is presented. Significant differences are considered as p <0.05 and denoted with an asterisk (*) in a table for each index.

Fig. 5 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of A – Paracamallanus sp. and Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900, B – dorsal view and C – ventral view. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 1000 μm (A, B).

Fig. 4 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1831 (A – D) from the intestine and Tylodelphys mashonensis Beverley-Burton, 1963 (E – H) from the cranial cavity of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. White arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Abbreviations: Gp – genital pore, OS – oral sucker, Ph – pharynx, Ps – pseudosuckers, Vs – ventral sucker. Scale bars: 50 μm (F–H); 100 μm (B–D, E); 500 μm (A).

Fig. 2 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 2. Map depicting the distribution of A. the Asian tapeworm, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) and B. the branchiuran fish lice, Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 from freshwater fishes in South Africa. Dark grey shading indicates provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently.

Fig. 3 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Monogenea found from the gills of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. A, B – Quadriacanthus aegypticus ElNaggar et Serag, 1985; C, D – Quadriacanthus allobychowskiella Paperna, 1979; E, F – Quadriacanthus clariadis Paperna, 1961; G, H – Quadriacanthus fornicatus Francov´a et ˇRehulkov´a, 2017; I – Quadriacanthus pravus Francov´a et ˇRehulkova´, 2017. Black arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Hamuli (A, C, E, G, I); male copulatory organ with accessory piece (B, D, F, H). Scale bars: 10 μm (B, D, F, H); 20 μm (I); 25 μm (A, C, E, G).

Fig. 4 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 4. Light (A–C) and scanning electron (D,E) micrographs of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. female. A, ovary anterior end; B, uterus and vulvular region; C, caudal region; D, ventral view of vulva and D, lateral view of anus. Abbreviations: a, anus; gz, germinal zone; k, knob-like protrusion; l, larva; o, oocyte; pvs, post-vulvular sac; tt, tail tip and v, vulva.

Fig. 1 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 1. Map indicating the localities where Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) were collected during the present study. The orange overlay indicates the translocated distribution of C. gariepinus in South Africa. Dark grey shading represents provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 1. Map showing Southern Africa (A) and the study area (B). S1: below Vaal Dam (26.872364 ◦S, 28.117173 ◦E) and S2: below Vaal Barrage (26.734854 ◦S, 27.634372 ◦E).

Fig. 6 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 6. Spicules of Daubaylia spp. A, D. burnupiae n. sp.; B, D. seistanensis; C, D. potomaca; D, D. dewiti; E, D. elegans; F, D. malayanum; G, D. helicophilus; H, D. olsoni; I, D. pearsoni and J, D. bonaerensis. Abbreviations: m, manubrium; la, lamina. B-J, redrawn from Baylis and Daubney (1922), Chitwood and Chitwood (1934), Schuurmans-Stekhoven (1956), Honer and Jansen (1961), Sullivan and Palmieri (1978), Poinar and Richards (1979), Poinar (1984), Anderson and Bartlett (1993), Camino and Gonzalez (2011), respectively.