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4,480 results for “hybrid”
Development of a Pneumatically Actuated Quadruped Robot Using Soft-Rigid Hybrid Variable-Stiffness Rotary Joints
<p>This is a supplementary video for the paper "Development of a Pneumatically Actuated Quadruped Robot Using Soft-Rigid Hybrid Variable-Stiffness Rotary Joints" submitted to Robotics.</p>
Multiplex DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze maternal vs. paternal C. elegans chromosomes - Gutnik et al - Tracing Datasets
<p>Tracing datasets (MATLAB Structure Format) from <i>C.elegans</i> N2 and HI embryos, as well as N2:HI and HI:N2 hybrid embryos presented in Gutnik et al.2024 (<strong>Multiplex DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze maternal vs. paternal </strong><i><strong>C. elegans</strong></i><strong> chromosomes)</strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Multiplex DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze maternal vs. paternal C. elegans chromosomes - Gutnik et al - Raw Imaging data
<p>Raw Imaging data for all figures presented in Gutnik et al.2024 (<strong>Multiplex DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze maternal vs. paternal </strong><i><strong>C. elegans</strong></i><strong> chromosomes)</strong></p>
FIGURE 10 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 10. The type of M. melanocephalus bolivianus Chapman, 1919 (AMNH 37927). Dorsal, ventral and side views, with the detail of the face. Considered a subspecies of the polytypic species Myioborus melanocephalus. Note the lack of appreciable differences with respect to M. m. malaris (Fig. 10). Photographs by Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural History).
FIGURE 9 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 9. The type of M. melanocephalus malaris Zimmer, 1949 (AMNH 235067). Dorsal, ventral, and side views, with the detail of the face. Currently treated as a subspecies of a Myioborus melanocephalus. Photographs by Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural History).
FIGURE 3 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 3. Top: the syntype of Setophaga bairdi Salvin, 1878 (NHMUK 1885.3.8.801). This specimen exhibits the facial color and pattern observed in individuals from most of the Ecuadorian Andes that are currently considered as the "pure" southern form hybridizing with chrysops (Céspedes-Arias et al. 2021). Photographs by Mark Adams (Natural History Museum, Tring). Bottom: the type of Myioborus bairdi griseonuchus Chapman, 1927 (AMNH 229332). This taxon is restricted to northern Peru (departments of Piura and Cajamarca). Photographs by Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural History).
FIGURE 2 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 2. Photographs of the type specimen of Setophaga ruficoronata Kaup, 1851 (NML-VZ D1931) currently treated as Myioborus melanocephalus ruficoronatus. Side and dorsal views, with the detail of the front and face, and its label. The type exhibits intermediate facial color and pattern as observed in the center of the hybrid zone near Pasto, Department of Nariño, southern Colombia (Céspedes-Arias et al. 2021). Photographs by Tony Parker and John James Wilson (World Museum, National Museums Liverpool).
FIGURE 1 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 1. Map of northwestern South America showing the geographic distribution of high-elevation Myioborus warblers of the Northern Andes (M. albifrons, M. ornatus and M. melanocephalus). Each colored polygon represents the approximate geographic distribution of taxa recognized in this study, except for the one in dark gray, which shows the extent of the hybrid zone (Céspedes-Arias et al. 2021) between chrysops and bairdi. Gray dots indicate type localities of valid taxa, and the star the location of Cali, Colombia, the supposed type locality of M. m. ruficoronatus, which is most likely an error (see text). The question mark indicates the uncertainty in the geographic limits between bairdi and griseonuchus in southern Ecuador.
FIGURE 7 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 7. The type of Setophaga chrysops Salvin, 1878 (NHMUK 1885.3.8.804). Dorsal, ventral and side views, with the detail of the face. This taxon is currently treated as M. ornatus chrysops, and is the "pure" northern form hybridizing with bairdi in southern Colombia (see text). Photographs by Mark Adams (Natural History Museum, Tring).
FIGURE 6 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 6. Type specimens of names synonymized with Myioborus ornatus sensu stricto, and M. chrysops. Types of flaveola (A, MCZ 76106) and leucophomma (B, NML-VZ D2009), which correspond to juvenile and immature individuals of M. ornatus, respectively. Kaup (1851) identified as flaveola a specimen that corresponds to M. chrysops (C, NML-VZ D1932), but this is not a true type specimen (see text). Photographs by Jeremiah Trimble (Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), and by Tony Parker and John James Wilson (World Museum, National Museums Liverpool).
FIGURE 5 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 5. Type of Setophaga ornata Boissonneau, 1840 (MCZ 76106), currently treated as Myioborus ornatus sensu stricto. Dorsal, ventral, and side views, with the detail of the face. This is a "Bogotá" skin. Photographs by Jeremiah Trimble (Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard University).
FIGURE 4 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)
FIGURE 4. Illustrations of three Andean Myioborus as illustrated by Johannes Gerardus Keulemans in Salvin (1878). Top: chrysops of the Western and Central cordilleras of Colombia. Center: A hybrid individual painted based on the type of Setophaga ruficoronata (NML-VZ D1931, see Fig. 2). Bottom: bairdi based on a specimen assigned to Setopopha bairdi from Sical (sic) Ecuador (see Fig. 3). The taxon bairdi was until now considered a junior synonym of ruficoronatus (Meyer de Schauensee 1946). Illustrations from Salvin (1878) via the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861)
Data from: the two faces of secondary contact on islands: introgressive hybridization between endemics and reproductive interference between endemics and introduced species
<p>Aim: Hybridization is thought to have played an important role in shaping the evolutionary history of diverse island taxa. Here, we propose an ecological and evolutionary framework for understanding the causes and consequences of heterospecific mating on islands – with and without introgressive hybridization. We use this framework to support our main contention that cases of secondary contact among endemic species should commonly result in introgressive hybridization whereas cases of contact between endemic and introduced species should commonly result in reproductive interference – resulting in two qualitatively different faces of secondary contact on islands.</p> <p>Location: Canary Islands, Galapagos, New Zealand, Caribbean, and Hawaii.</p> <p>Taxa: 705 vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species spanning 167 genera and 99 families.</p> <p>Methods: Using a quantitative analysis of empirical research on secondary contact on islands, we weigh evidence for the drivers of secondary contact and heterospecific mating on islands. In particular, we compare cases of secondary contact between endemic species versus secondary contact between endemic and introduced species.</p> <p>Results: We find that three main drivers of secondary contact and heterospecific mating on islands most frequently reported in the literature are disturbance, long-distance (e.g. inter-island) dispersal, and compromised assortative mating. We find support for the hypothesis that introgression is a more common outcome between endemic species while reproductive interference is a more common outcome between endemic and introduced species.</p> <p>Main conclusions: We conclude that there are biological reasons to predict secondary contact and heterospecific mating to be common on islands for all taxa, but that the consequence of secondary contact is categorically different for contact between endemic species and contact between endemic and introduced species. We conclude that the former likely explains the apparent frequency of hybridization on islands, while the latter presents a cryptic and underappreciated conservation threat.</p>
Dataset for "Spin wave confinement in hybrid superconductor-ferrimagnet nanostructure"
<p>The dataset consist of the data used to prepare the figures for the manuscript: </p> <p><span>Julia Kharlan</span><span>, Krzysztof Sobucki</span><span>, Krzysztof Szulc</span><span>, Sara Memarzadeh</span><span>, Jarosław W. Kłos</span>. <em>Spin wave confinement in hybrid superconductor-ferrimagnet nanostructure.</em></p> <p>Please read README.txt file to see the description of the data in the files.</p>
Hybridization constrains the evolution of mimicry complexes in woodpeckers
<p>The evolution of interspecific mimicry does not always result in perfect resemblance between mimics and models. Differences between members of a mimicry complex can be explained by genetic or developmental constraints. Alternatively, imperfect mimicry might be the outcome of a trade-off between multiple selective pressures. In this study, we explored the evolutionary conflict between mimicry and hybridization in woodpeckers. Based on the selective trade-off hypothesis, we expected that mimicry complexes will start to evolve once the constraint of maladaptive hybridization is relaxed. Hence, we predicted limited overlap in the divergence times between hybridizing species pairs and members of a mimicry complex. This prediction was supported by clear tipping point in the probability of hybridization and mimicry at ca. 9 million years of divergence. Around this timepoint, the probability of hybridization approaches zero while the probability of belonging to a mimicry complex increases. This finding is only correlational and remains to be confirmed in other taxonomic groups. Nonetheless, our results suggest a selective trade-off between evolving interspecific mimicry and avoiding maladaptive hybridization in woodpeckers.</p>
Assessing microbiome population dynamics using wild-type isogenic standardized hybrid (WISH)-tags
<p><span>Microbiomes feature recurrent compositional structures under given environmental conditions. </span><span>However, these patterns may conceal diverse underlying population dynamics that require intra-strain resolution. Here, we developed a genomic tagging system, termed wild-type isogenic standardized hybrid (WISH)-tags, that can be combined with quantitative PCR and next-generation sequencing for microbial strain enumeration. We experimentally validated the performance of 62 tags and showed they can be differentiated with high precision. WISH-tags were introduced into model and non-model bacterial members of the mouse and plant microbiota. Intra-strain priority effects were tested using one species of isogenic barcoded bacteria in the murine gut and the <em>Arabidopsis</em> phyllosphere, both with and without microbiota context. We observed colonization resistance against late arriving strains of <em>Salmonella</em> typhimurium in the mouse gut, whereas the phyllosphere accommodated <em>Sphingomonas</em> latecomers in a proportional manner to their presence at the late inoculation timepoint. This demonstrates that WISH-tags are a resource for deciphering population dynamics underlying microbiome assembly across biological systems. </span></p>
Humans drive spatial variation in mortality risk for a threatened wolf population in a Canis hybrid zone
<ol> <li>Large carnivores often exhibit high survival rates in protected areas, whereas intentional and unintentional human-caused mortality may be greater in adjacent areas. These patterns can result in source-sink dynamics and limit population expansion beyond protected areas.</li> <li>We used telemetry data from 438 canids in 141 packs collected from 2002–2020 to evaluate mortality risk for wolves, coyotes, and admixed canids in a 3-species hybrid zone in and adjacent to a large protected area in Ontario, Canada. The hybrid zone is occupied by most of the remaining eastern wolves (<em>Canis lycaon</em>), a rare, threatened species that hybridizes with sympatric eastern coyotes (<em>C. latrans</em>) and Great Lakes gray wolves (<em>C. lupus</em>).</li> <li>Within Algonquin Provincial Park (APP), annual human-caused mortality from harvest and vehicles was low (0.06, 95% CI [0.03, 0.08]), whereas annual human-caused mortality was higher in adjacent areas (0.31, 95% CI [0.25, 0.37]). Smaller protected areas implemented to help protect eastern wolves did not significantly reduce mortality. Eastern wolves survived poorly relative to other canids and dispersing canids survived poorly relative to residents. Mortality risk was greater when canids were closer to roads. Mortality risk was also increased or reduced by the strength of individual-level selection or avoidance of roads relative to their availability, respectively.</li> <li>Our results provide a comprehensive evaluation of factors influencing spatial variation in mortality risk for canids to inform eastern wolf recovery efforts. Additionally, we developed a novel modeling approach for investigating the influence of resource selection on mortality risk, which highlighted that individual-level responses to risk can strongly influence population-level mortality patterns.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Despite being listed as 'threatened' under the Ontario Endangered Species Act, eastern wolves are still legally trapped and shot outside protected areas in central Ontario. Eastern wolves and dispersing canids survive poorly outside of APP, primarily from human-caused mortality. These results, along with the apparent inadequacy of the smaller protected areas, suggest that expanding the threatened eastern wolf population outside APP is unlikely under current management conditions. Protecting eastern wolves from human-caused mortality is complicated as it would require a harvest ban for all canids, including coyotes.</li> </ol>
Supplementary material 2 from: Du W, Wang Y, Xie D, Li E, Bai Y, Shang C, Zhang Z (2024) Phylogenomics reveal Populus gonggaensis as a hybrid between P. lasiocarpa and P. cathayana (Salicaceae). PhytoKeys 237: 161-177. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.103012
Species tree of 57 samples of the genus Populus constructed by IQ-TREE, based on high-quality SNPs data with an outgroup of P. euphratica, using the sliding window method
A sample of the training data used in the paper "A Hybrid Physics-AI (HyPhAI) approach for probability fields advection: Application to cloud cover nowcasting"
<p>Copyright (2024) EUMETSAT</p>
QG energy-aware hybrid simulations (Double-Gyre configuration)
<p>QG energy-aware hybrid simulations for different set of parameters and compensating forcing; reference QG solution and the coarse-grid runs.</p> <p>There are five different groups of data files containing quasi-geostrophic energy-aware hybrid simulations for different set of parameters and compensating forcing; <br>reference quasi-geostrophic solution and the coarse-grid runs:</p> <p>1) 129x129_10y_spinup50y_dt1800s_simtime2y_eta0.02_case2.tar.part*<br>2) 29x129_10y_spinup50y_dt1800s_simtime2y_eta0.02_fast_energy_growth.tar.part*<br>3) 129x129_10y_spinup50y_dt1800s_simtime2y_eta0.02_scales2.tar.part*<br>4) 129x129_2y_spinup50y_dt1800s.tar.part*<br>5) 129x129_2y_spinup50y_dt1800s_refsol.tar.part*</p> <p>All files in the repository are tar-archives split into parts. Before using them, they should be merged into single files. In order to merge them one should use the Linux cat command. The data in the merged tar-files can be then extracted with the Linux tar command.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.