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FIGURE 11 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 11. Ab. chinensis Female reproductive system and bursa. A dorsal entire system with tergite 8 in place, spermatophore digesting gland to right; B detail bursa hooks dorsal. (Scale bar= 1mm). BU, bursa; SDG, spermatophore digesting gland; V, valvifer.
FIGURE 10 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 10. Ab. chinensis male genitalia. A, B aedeagal sheath; C, D, E aedeagus (A, C dorsal; B, D ventral; E right lateral) (Scale bar= 1mm).
FIGURE 18. Luciola perplexa Walker A, B in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 18. Luciola perplexa Walker A, B (type male NHML). Luciola dubia Olivier C, D (type male NHML), E, F female (NHML). A, C, E dorsal; B, D, F ventral.
FIGURE 7. Habitus Abs. chinensis. A, B in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 7. Habitus Abs. chinensis. A, B male; C, D female; E, F larva (A, C, E dorsal; B, D, F ventral) (Scale bar= 5mm).
FIGURE 3. Abscondita anceyi male genitalia. A, B in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 3. Abscondita anceyi male genitalia. A, B aedeagal sheath; C, D, E aedeagus (A, C dorsal; B, D ventral; E left lateral) (Scale bar= 1mm).
FIGURE 2. Habitus Abscondita anceyi. A, B in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 2. Habitus Abscondita anceyi. A, B male; C, D female; E larva (A, C, E dorsal; B, D ventral) (Scale bar= 5mm).
FIGURE 6. Habitats. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 6. Habitats. A, Abs. chinensis (Mt. Dabie, Yingshan City, Hubei Province) and B, Abs. terminalis (Red flag village, Wuhan City, Hubei Province).
FIGURE 1 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 1. The medial section of the Majority rule tree, consensus of 169 MPT of length 5609 from phylogenetic analysis of 143 taxa and 436 morphological characters in Fu et al. (2012) showing Luciola sensu stricto and Abscondita gen. nov., and % of MPTs with the node. For those nodes found in 100% of MPT, the % is shown in bold. Many nodes are numbered (35 to 55) in red, bold italics. A selection of terminal branches are numbered (15 to 21) in blue, bold italics. Modified from Figure 8 (Fu et al. 2012).
FIGURE 19. Luciola aegrota Olivier A, B, C, F, G in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 19. Luciola aegrota Olivier A, B, C, F, G (syntype male MCSN). Luciola promelaena (Walker) D, E (type female NHML). Locality labels H, I. A, C, D, dorsal, B, E ventral whole body; F aedeagus ventral; G dissected abdomen ventral.
FIGURE 13. Abs. chinensis life history. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 13. Abs. chinensis life history. A Larvae feeding on body of dead ant Polyrhachis vicina; B pupal cell; C Male feeding on flower of pomegranate Punica granatum; D male and female in copulo.
FIGURE 5. Abscondita anceyi flash pattern. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 5. Abscondita anceyi flash pattern. A, male fast flash on top of bamboos; B, female slow glow when flying to top of bamboos after dark; C, female flash on top of bamboos (recorded in Mt. E Mei, temperature 18 °C, humidity 80%).
FIGURE 12. Abs. chinensis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 12. Abs. chinensis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C head; D antenna; E apex apical maxillary palpomere; F apex galea and apex maxillary palpomere (to right). (A dorsal, anterior half of head only; B, anterior dorsal surface uppermost; C, D, E, F ventral; C anterior half of head only).
FIGURE 15 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 15. Abs. chinensis male produced various single flashes. Males controlled their flashes by manipulating relative intensity as increased-held-increased-held or decreased-held-decreased-held ways. D the most complex-manipulated flash with 10 times fluctuated intensity; C the least manipulated flash with only 1 time fluctuated intensity.
FIGURE 14 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
FIGURE 14. Luminescence of pupae and adults of Abs. chinensis (Scale bar = 5mm). A, B, C pupae, D adult. A three day old male ventral (F 4.5, exposure time 526 seconds, ISO 200); B three day old male lateral (F 4.5, exposure time 369.9 seconds, ISO 200); C three day old female ventral (F 7.1, exposure time 423 seconds, ISO 800); D Newly eclosed female within 3 hours (F 5.6, exposure time 92.1 seconds, ISO 1250).
Supplementary material 2 from: Müller A, Richter H (2018) Dual function of Potentilla (Rosaceae) in the life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 2: 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.30158
Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 2 of Hoplitisrobusta : Explanation note: Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 2 of Hoplitisrobusta; note the vertical plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp and the five brood cells in the horizontal part of the L-shaped cerambycid tunnel.
Supplementary material 1 from: Müller A, Richter H (2018) Dual function of Potentilla (Rosaceae) in the life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 2: 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.30158
Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 1 of Hoplitisrobusta : Explanation note: Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 1 of Hoplitisrobusta; note the vertical nest plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp and the six brood cells in the horizontal part of the L-shaped cerambycid tunnel.
Life history strategy and extinction risk in the warm desert perennial spring ephemeral Astragalus holmgreniorum (Fabaceae)
<p>This study of Astragalus holmgreniorum examines its adaptations to the warm desert environment and whether these adaptations will enable it to persist. Its spring ephemeral hemicryptophyte life history strategy is unusual in warm deserts. We used data from a 22-year demographic study supplemented with reproductive output, seed bank and germinant survival studies to examine the population dynamics of this species using discrete-time stochastic matrix modeling. The model showed that A. holmgreniorum is likely to persist in the warm desert in spite of high dormant-season mortality. It relies on a stochastically varying environment with high inter-annual variation in precipitation for persistence, but without a long-lived seed bank, environmental stochasticity confers no advantage. Episodic high reproductive output and frequent seedling recruitment along with a persistent seed bank are adaptations that facilitate its survival. These adaptations place its life history strategy further along the spectrum from 'slower' to 'faster' relative to other perennial spring ephemerals. Extinction risk for small populations is relatively high even though mean λs >1 because of high variance in year quality. This risk is also strongly dependent on seed bank starting values, creating a moving window of extinction risk that varies with population size through time. Astragalus holmgreniorum life history strategy combines the perennial spring ephemeral life form with features more characteristic of desert annuals. These adaptations permit persistence in the warm desert environment. A promising conclusion is that new populations of this endangered species can likely be established through direct seeding.</p>
Figure 3 in Mineralized-tissue histology reveals protracted life history in the Pliocene three-toed horse from Langebaanweg (South Africa)
Figure 3. Histology of the metacarpi of Eurygnathohippus hooijeri. A, PQL-12089, transverse cross-section. A large brownish stain extends through the anterior and lateral middle cortex. Yellow dotted rectangles indicate areas of image magnification. B, PQL-12089, highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone (FLB), with three cyclical growth marks (white arrowheads). Lamellar bone lines the subperiosteal area, conforming the outer circumferential layer (OCL). C, PQL-12089, large radial vascular canals (white arrows) connect multiple primary osteons. D, PQL-12089, a neonatal line (black arrowhead) is found in the middle cortex. E, PQL-12089, large radial vascular canals (white arrows) connect secondary osteons. F, PQL-42484, highly vascularized FLB, with multiple cracks. Three cyclical growth marks (white arrowheads) can be recognized. Images show bone cross-sections observed under polarized light, A–C, E, F with 1/4λ filter. Black scale bars (in C, D): 1 mm; white scale bars (in B, E, F): 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; cvc, circular vascular canal; FLB, fibrolamellar bone; lat, lateral; lvc, longitudinal vascular canal; OCL, outer circumferential layer; rvc, radial vascular canal; SO, secondary osteons.
Figure 2 in Mineralized-tissue histology reveals protracted life history in the Pliocene three-toed horse from Langebaanweg (South Africa)
Figure 2. Dental histology of Eurygnathohippus hooijeri and methodology of calculation of enamel growth parameters. A, schematic drawing depicting a hypothetical longitudinal section of an equid tooth, showing its structure and the different tissues. Dotted rectangle indicates the area of the enlarged image shown in B.2. Modified from Nacarino-Meneses (2018). B, enamel extension rate and crown formation time. B.1, PQL-1465, m3, enamel band with Retzius lines (dashed yellow lines). Abbreviations: d1 … d4, the distance along the enamel prism between Retzius lines; x1 … x4, the distance on the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) between Retzius lines. B.2, schematic diagram showing the basic structures observed in equid enamel and the measurements performed to estimate the enamel extension rate (EER) and crown formation time (CFT). Modified from Nacarino-Meneses (2018). Abbreviations: d i, distance along the enamel prism between Retzius lines; x i, distance on the EDJ between Retzius lines. Dotted rectangles indicate areas of the magnified images shown in C.2, D.2, E.2. C, daily secretion rate. C.1, PQL-952, m1, group of enamel laminations (lines). Dotted double-headed arrow indicates the distance along the enamel prism between a group of laminations. C.2, schematic diagram showing enamel laminations. Numbers in red circles are the number or spaces (days) visible between laminations. Red dotted double-headed arrow indicates the distance along the enamel prism between a group of laminations. D, repeat interval. D.1, PQL-49740, m1, enamel laminations (lines) and
Figure 5 in Mineralized-tissue histology reveals protracted life history in the Pliocene three-toed horse from Langebaanweg (South Africa)
Figure 5. Histology of the femora of Eurygnathohippus hooijeri. A, PQL-20553, transverse cross-section. Numerous cracks and breakages interrupt the cortical bone tissues. Yellow dotted rectangles indicate areas of image magnification. B, PQL- 20553, fibrolamellar bone, showing a laminar organization and large radial vascular canals (white arrows). C, PQL-9973, fibrolamellar bone and compact coarse cancellous bone (CCCB) appear in the outer and inner cortex, respectively. D, PQL- 20553, Haversian bone. E, PQL-20553, the outer cortex is composed of laminar fibrolamellar bone, and the absence of an outer circumferential layer is noted. F, PQL-20553, five cyclical bone growth marks (white arrowheads) and one neonatal line (black arrowhead) can be recognized despite the numerous breakages of the compacta. Images show bone cross-sections observed under polarized light with 1/4λ filter. Black scale bar (in B): 1 mm; white scale bars (in C–F): 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; CCCB, compact coarse cancellous bone; FLB, fibrolamellar bone; lat, lateral.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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