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1,854 results for “Host plant”
Host plant defense produces species-specific alterations to flight muscle protein structure and flight-related fitness traits of two armyworms
<p>Insects manifest phenotypic plasticity in their development and behavior in response to plant defenses, via molecular mechanisms that produce tissue-specific changes. Phenotypic changes might vary between species that differ in their preferred hosts and these effects could extend beyond larval stages. To test this, we manipulated the diet of southern armyworm (SAW; Spodoptera eridania) and fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) using a tomatomutant for jasmonic acid plant defense pathway (def1), and wild-type plants, and then quantified gene expression of Troponin t (Tnt) and flight muscle metabolism of the<br> adult insects. Differences in Tnt spliceform ratios in insect flight muscles correlate with changes to flight muscle metabolism and flight<br> muscle output. We found that SAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a higher relative abundance (RA) of the A isoform of Troponin t (Tnt A) in their flight muscles; in contrast, FAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a lower RA of Tnt A in their flight muscles compared with adults reared on def1 and controls. Although massadjusted flightmetabolic rate showed no independent host plant effects in either species, higher flight metabolic rates in SAW correlated with increased RA of Tnt A. Flight muscle metabolism also showed an interaction of host plants with Tnt A in both species, suggesting that host plants might be influencing flight muscle metabolic output by altering Tnt. This study illustrates how insects respond to variation in host plant chemical defense by phenotypic modifications to their flight muscle proteins, with possible implications for dispersal.</p>
Figure 10 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 10. Final instar larvae of Cyclosia macularia: (A) thoracic leg (scale bar = 1 mm); (B) A3 proleg (scale bar = 1 mm). C – distal claw, CX – coxa, F – femur, TA – tarsus, TI – tibia, TR – trochanter.
Figure 8 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 8. Final instar larva of Cyclosia macularia: (A) lateral perspective (scale bar = 10 mm); (B) ventral perspective (scale bar = 10 mm). AP – abdominal prolegs, AnP – anal prolegs, AS – anal shield, H – head, LB – labrum, MD – mandible, T – tentacle, TL – thoracic legs, PS – prothoracic shield.
Figure 5 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 5. (A) Bipectinate antenna of female Cyclosia macularia (♀; scale bar = 1 mm); (B) ovipositor of female C. macularia (♀; scale bar = 1 mm).
Figure 3 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 3. The obtect pupa is golden-brown in colour, with body length ranging from 2.3 to 2.7 cm. Male pupa (♂; right) and female pupa (♀; left) (scale bar = 10 mm).
Figure 9 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 9. Final instar larvae of Cyclosia macularia: (A) frontal view (scale bar = 1 mm); (B) stemmata region (scale bar = 1 mm). A – antenna, CL – clypeus, LB – labrum, MD – mandibles, S – spinneret, ST – stemmata, T – tentacles.
Figure 7 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 7. (A) Eggs that were laid in mass (scale bar = 1.5 mm); (B) eggs that were laid scattered singly (scale bar = 1.5 mm).
Figure 2 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 2. (A) Pinkish-brown coloured cocoon was aligned at the basal midrib of the leaf (scale bar = 50 mm); (B) the cocoon was detached from the leaf (scale bar = 10 mm).
Figure 6 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 6. (A) Dorsal perspective of male Cyclosia macularia (♂; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) ventral perspective of male C. macularia (♂; scale bar = 5 mm).
Figure 4 in Eggs, final-instar caterpillars and metamorphosis of Cyclosia macularia Guérin Méneville (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from its larval host plant Baccaurea motleyana
Figure 4. (A) Dorsal perspective of female Cyclosia macularia (♀; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) female C. macularia found on tree bark (♀; scale bar = 10 mm); (C) ventral perspective of female C. macularia fore wing (♀; scale bar = 5 mm).
Figure 5 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Figure 5. Utetheisa ornatrix raised on leaves versus beans of two Crotalaria species: (A) rates of development of the last instar raised on beans versus leaves of C. lanceolata; (B) rates of larval development on beans versus leaves of C. pallida; (C) pupal weight of moths raised on beans versus leaves of C. pallida. (B and C – based on data from Ferro et al. 2006).
Fig. 2 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 2: Illustration of those insects with their preferred host plants studied in the present contribution: (a) greenfly on the leaves of the common hazel, (b) mealybug on the leaves of the chervil, (c) sap beetle on the leaves of the nettle.
Fig. 1 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 1: (a) Basic types of distribution patterns in the animal kingdom: (1) regular distribution, (2) aggregated (clotted) distribution, (3) random distribution; (b) graphical method for the determination of the distribution pattern produced by a given animal population.
Fig. 3 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 3: Graphical determination of the distribution patterns of those species introduced in Fig. 2: (a) greenfly on the common hazel, (b) mealybug on the chervil, (c) sap beetle on the nettle.
Figure 3 in Morphology of oil-collecting pilosity of female Rediviva bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) reflects host plant use
Figure 3. Backscattered SEM images of female Rediviva tarsomeres of forelegs in lateral view. (A) R. nitida (type I); (B) R. macgregori (type II); (C) R. intermixta (type III); (D) R. saetigera (type IV); (E) R. parva (type III); (F) R. gigas (type IV). Scale bar 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: uh, unbranched strong and slender hairs; bh, highly branched absorptive hairs; ph, lamellar apically pluridentate hairs; sph, pluridentate to blunt spatulate hairs; sch, broad and slightly curved blade-like scraping hairs; lth, strong simple hairs with lanceolate tips, branched at the base.
Figure 4 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)
Figure 4. Modes of parasitism of parasitoids attacking Acrocercops transecta. (A) An ovipositing female of Aneurobracon philippinensis. Before finding host larvae, females track host mines by drumming with their antennae; (B) a final instar of A. transecta that is making a cocoon; (C) a dissected cocoon of A. transecta. A prepupa of A. transecta (upper side) is fed upon by a larva of An. philippinensis (under side); (D) a pupa of An. philippinensis in the cocoon made by A. transecta; (E) a pupa of Choeras sp. in the cocoon made by A. transecta; (F) a final instar of A. transecta parasitized by Pholetesor sp. A hole is visible on the right side of the second abdominal segment from which a Pholetesor sp. larva exits the host; (G) a cocoon of Pholetesor sp. formed inside its host's mine; (H) a Eulophidae larva feeding inside its host's body; (I) a Eulophidae pupa formed inside its host's mine.
Figure 1 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)
Figure 1. Leaf mines of Acrocercops transecta. (A) Three mines of the Juglandaceae race on a leaflet of Juglans mandshurica; (B) a mine of the Lyonia race on Lyonia ovalifolia.
Figure 1 in Morphology of oil-collecting pilosity of female Rediviva bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) reflects host plant use
Figure 1. Female Rediviva bees in lateral view showing species-specific variation of foreleg length. (A) R. alonsoae; (B) R. macgregori; (C) R. longimanus; (D) R. emdeorum. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Figure 4 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 4 Colocasiomyia todai Jiao & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype #10122) and female (paratype, #10100) from Ertaipo, Gaoligong Mountains, Baoshan, Yunnan, China A periphallic organs (lateral view) B periphallic organs (ventral view) C surstylus (right one, inner view) D phallic organs (dorsal view) E phallic organs (lateral view) F oviscapt (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, aed b p = aedeagal basal process, cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, epand a = epandrial apodeme, hypd = hypandrium, pm = paramere, 10S = tenth sternite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 5 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 5 Colocasiomyia liae Jiao & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype #10485) and female (paratype, #10486) from Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, China. A periphallic organs (lateral view) B periphallic organs except cerci (ventral view) C tenth sternite (posteroventral view) D phallic organs (dorsal view) E phallic organs (lateral view) F oviscapt (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, aed b p = aedeagal basal process, cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, epand a = epandrial apodeme, hypd = hypandrium, pm = paramere, 10S = tenth sternite. Scale lines: 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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