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FIGURE 10 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 10. Base of ovipositor, ventral view, (A) Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov., female, (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, M. Navert); (C) Verdanus bensoni (China) (Krkonoše [Czech Republic], 10.VI.1946, Dlabola, MNHN 3507); (F) Verdanus limbatellus (Zetterstedt) (Russia, bassin of Manya river, Great Ural, Liapin & Flerov leg., 21.-23. VII. 1927). - Base of ovipositor, rostral view, (B) Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov., female, (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, M. Navert); (D) Verdanus bensoni (China) (Krkonoše [Czech Republic], 10.VI.1946, Dlabola, MNHN 3507); (E) Verdanus limbatellus (Zetterstedt) (Russia, bassin of Manya river, Great Ural, Liapin & Flerov leg., 21.-23. VII. 1927).

FIGURE 9 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 9. Left genital plate, ventral view, (A) Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov., male (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, M. Navert); (B) Verdanus bensoni (China) (paratype of Deltocephalus obenbergeri Dlabola: Bohemia, det. Dlabola, 1945, MNHN (EH) 3502); (C) Verdanus limbatellus (Zetterstedt) (Russia, bassin of Manya river, Great Ural, Liapin & Flerov leg., 21.-23. VII. 1927). - Right genital plate, dorsal view, (D) Verdanus tyrannus sp. nov., male (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, M. Cervarola).

FIGURE 7 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 7. Aedeagus. Verdanus bensoni (China) (paratype of Deltocephalus obenbergeri Dlabola: Bohemia, det. Dlabola, 1945, MNHN (EH) 3502), (A) ventral view; (B) caudal view; (C) lateral view. - Verdanus kaszabi (Dlabola) (Mongolia, Central Aimag, near Ulan Bator, Emeljanov leg., 24-29.VI.1970), (D) ventral view; (E) caudal view (base and apodemes are not drawn); (F) lateral view.

FIGURE 6 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 6. Aedeagus. Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov., male (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, Alpe di Succiso), (A) ventral view; (B) ventrolateral view, (C) lateral view; (D) caudal view. - Verdanus rosaurus rex ssp. nov., male (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, M. Cavalbianco), (E) ventral view; (F) ventrolateral view; (G) lateral view; (H) caudal view.

FIGURE 4 in Mud shrimp associated with burrows from the Oligocene Ashiya Group, northern Kyushu, Japan, with description of a new species of Upogebia (Decapoda: Gebiidea)

FIGURE 4. Psilonichnus, upper part of the Honjo Formation, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. All scale bars represent 5 cm.

FIGURE 3. A–G in Mud shrimp associated with burrows from the Oligocene Ashiya Group, northern Kyushu, Japan, with description of a new species of Upogebia (Decapoda: Gebiidea)

FIGURE 3. A–G, Upogebia hibiki sp. nov. A, MFM218520 (paratype), carapace and pereiopods 1, dorsal view. B, MFM218520 (paratype), right pereiopod 1, lateral view. C, MFM218521 (paratype), carapace and pereiopods 1, dorsal view. D, MFM218522 (holotype), carapace and pereiopods 1, dorsal view. E, MFM218523 (paratype), right pereiopod 1, lateral view. F, MFM218523 (paratype), right pereiopod 1, lateral view. G, MFM218524 (paratype), abdomen, telson, and uropod, dorsal view. H, Minohellenus macrocheilus Kato & Karasawa 1994, collected from the same locality. All scale bars represent 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Mud shrimp associated with burrows from the Oligocene Ashiya Group, northern Kyushu, Japan, with description of a new species of Upogebia (Decapoda: Gebiidea)

FIGURE 2. Oligocene chronostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy and columnar section of the fossil locality in the Ashiya Group.

FIGURE 9 in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 9. Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886. A to D: consecutive histological sections of the male duct, showing opposite junctions of prostate gland and vas deferens to the atrial ampulla; E: other histological section of the male duct; F: spermatheca. Abbreviations: a: atrium, aa: atrial ampulla, cps: cuticular penial sheath, jpg: junction of the prostate gland, pg: prostate gland, ps: penial sac, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sd: spermathecal duct, sf: sperm funnel, vd: vas deferens. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 8 in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 8. Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886. A: general diagram of the male duct. X and XI: segment number; B: detail of the penial sac; C: male duct of incompletely mature specimen. Abbreviations: a: atrium, aa: atrial ampulla, cps: cuticular penial sheath, jpg: junction of the prostate gland, mp: male pore, ms: muscular strands, p: penis, pg: prostate gland, ps: penial sac, vd: vas deferens.

FIGURE 6 in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 6. Isochaetides freyi (Brinkhurst, 1965). A: histological section of the atrium; B: penial sac with penis lined by cuticle; C: ventral fold of the body wall, where the spermathecal duct opens; D: spermatheca. Abbreviations: a: atrium, c: chaetophore, cps: cuticular penial sheath, p: penis, pg: prostate gland, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sch: spermathecal chaeta, sd: spermathecal duct, vd: vas deferens, vf: ventral fold of the body wall. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 7 in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 7. Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1986. A and B: dorsal pectinate and barbed hair chaetae in preclitellar segments (arrows pointing to barbs); C: anterior ventral chaeta; D: posterior ventral chaeta; E: anterior part of the body, arrow pointing to the glands on the pharynx, in segment III; F: commissural blood vessels in several consecutive segments of the anterior part of the body (see arrow heads); G and H: general view of specimens from Estonian (G) and Russian (H) populations, arrows pointing to anterior and posterior hair chaetae. Scale bars: E–F: 100 µm, G and H: 2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Isochaetides gianii n in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 4. Isochaetides gianii n. sp. A: commissural blood vessels in body segments V and VI; B: anterior end of the body, arrow pointing to the glands on the pharynx, in segment III; C: sudden transition to the intestine, from segments VII to VIII; D: spermatheca; E: detail of spermatheca in a histological section; F: penial sac with penis; G: cross histological section of penial sac; H: longitudinal histological section of penial sac. Abbreviations: ag: accessory gland, cps: cuticular penial sheath, i: intestine, p: penis, rf: ring fold of the penial sac, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sch: spermathecal chaeta, sd: spermathecal duct, sz: spermatozeugmata, vf: ventral fold of the spermatheca. Scale bars: A–D 100 µm, E–H: 50 µm.

FIGURE 5. Isochaetides gianii n in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 5. Isochaetides gianii n. sp. General diagram of the reproductive organs. X and XI: segment number. Abbreviations: a: atrium, ag: accessory gland, cps: cuticular penial sheath, o: ovary, pg: prostate gland, ps: penial sac, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sch: spermathecal chaeta, sd: spermathecal duct, sg: chaetal gland, t: testis, vd: vas deferens, vf: ventral fold of the body wall.

FIGURE 2. Gianius navarroi n in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 2. Gianius navarroi n. sp. A: general diagram of the reproductive organs of the species, X and XI: segment number; B: free-hand drawing of somatic chaeta. Abbreviations: a: atrium, mp: male pore, o: ovary, pc: penial chaetae, pgI and pgII: prostate glands I and II, sf: sperm funnel, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sd: spemathecal duct, ss: sperm sacs, t: testis, vd: vas deferens.

FIGURE 3. Isochaetides gianii n in New species of aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) from groundwaters in karstic areas of northern Spain, with taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Štolc, 1886

FIGURE 3. Isochaetides gianii n. sp. Somatic chaetae (A–D: free-hand drawings at the same scale). A: anterior ventral; B: posterior ventral; C: anterior pectinate dorsal; D: posterior dorsal; E: anterior bundle of pectinate and hair chaetae; F: spermathecal chaeta. Scale bars: E and F: 25 µm.

FIGURE 5. A in A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei

FIGURE 5. A: dorsal view of male Paramesotriton longliensis from western Hubei (CIB 97885). B: dorsal view of female P. longliensis from the same locality (CIB 97884); both males and females have a pair of yellowish-white caudal stripes that are continuous with the dorsolateral stripes anteriorly. C: ventral view of the same male (lower) and female (upper). D: river where the new P. longliensis population is found. E: close-up of the head region (CIB 97884), showing the knob-like protuberance (red arrows). F: A male P. longliensis (CIB 97882) in preservative.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei

FIGURE 4. Left: montane pools at the type locality of P. yunwuensis near Nanchong village. Right: the stream that connects a cascade of pools at the same site.

FIGURE 1. Sample localities. 1 in A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei

FIGURE 1. Sample localities. 1: Paramesotriton sp. (western Hubei); 2: P. caudopunctatus; 3: P. zhijinensis; 4: P. longliensis; 5: P. chinensis; 6: P. hongkongensis; 7: P. e r m i z h a o i; 8: P. fuzhongensis; 9: P. guangxiensis; 10: P. deloustali. Asterisk (11) denotes the type locality of P. yunwuensis sp. nov. The Yunwu Mountains are shaded orange. Inset: red square shows the focal area in Asia.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei

FIGURE 2. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree based on mitochondrial ND2 and flanking tRNA sequences. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses produced consistent but less-well-resolved topologies. Sequences without any museum numbers are from GenBank direct submissions. Paramesotriton sp. is the new population from western Hubei. Numbers on branches are MP bootstrap values; ML bootstrap values; Bayesian posterior probabilities. Asterisks indicate> 95% support in both MP and MP analyses and> 99% support in the partitioned-BI; double-dashes denote <50% support. The sister genus Pachytriton (P. brevipes, P. archospotus and P. labiatus) is chosen as the outgroup taxon.

FIGURE 3. A & B in A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei

FIGURE 3. A & B: dorsal and ventral views of male Paramesotriton yunwuensis sp. nov. (CIB 97854, holotype). C & D: ventral and dorsal views of female P. yunwuensis (CIB 97950, paratype). E & F: ventral and dorsal views of a subadult (CIB 97856, paratype). G: the holotype in preservative.