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FIGURE 8 in Bryocorinae Baerensprung, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) of European Russia and the Caucasus: synopsis and key to species
FIGURE 8. Images of genital capsule and aedeagus of Dicyphus and Nesidiocoris spp. Dicyphus (B.) albonasutus Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (B.) geniculatus (Fieber, 1858), Dicyphus (B.) globulifer (Fallén, 1829), Dicyphus (B.) digitalidis Josifov, 1958, Dicyphus (B.) montandoni Reuter, 1888, Dicyphus (D.) epilobii Reuter, 1883, and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895).
FIGURES 57–65. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 57–65. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (male 57–62, female 63: 57 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274; 58–59 Shorsky National Park ISEA O.001.0255; 60 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 61, 63 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 62 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (64 male paratype ISEA O.001.0286; 65 female paratype ISEA O.001.0281): 57–62, 64 Male palpal coxae, retrolateral view; 63, 65 Female palpal coxae, retrolateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 45–56. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 45–56. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (45–49, 51–55: 45, 51 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274; 46, 52 Shorsky National Park ISEA O.001.0255; 47, 53 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 48, 54 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 49, 55 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (male paratype ISEA O.001.0286 50, 56): 45–50 Chelicera, retrolateral view; 51–56 Same, dorso-prolateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 22–27. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 22–27. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (22–24) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (25–27, paratype from ISEA), scanning electron macrographs: 22, 25 Chelicera, retrolateral view; 23, 26 Palp, retrolateral view; 24, 27 Palpal patella, retrolatero-ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (22–23, 25–26), 0.1 (24, 27).
FIGURES 16–21 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 16–21. General appearances of Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (16–17) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (18 Holotype, 19–21 paratypes): 16, 18–19 Males; 17, 20–21 Females. Scales: 1 mm.
FIGURES 11–15. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 11–15. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979, SEM micrographs (11–13): 11, 14 Penis, dorsal view; 12, 15 Same, lateral view; 13 Glans and apical part, dorsal view. Scales: 1mm (11–12, 14–15), 0.1 mm (13).
FIGURES 1–4 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 1–4. General appearances of the female of Homolophus nordenskioeldi (C.L. Koch, 1879) (1) and the male of Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979 (2–4): 1–2 Live specimens; 3–4 Ethanol-preserved specimens, 3 Dorsal view, 4 Lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (3–4).
FIGURES 34–44. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 34–44. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (34–40: 34–36 Shorsky National Park; 37 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 38 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 39 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279; 40 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (male Holotype 41–42 and male paratype ISEA O.001.0286 43–44): 34, 36–40, 41, 43 Penis, dorsal view; 35, 42, 44 Same, lateral view; Scales: 1 mm.
FIGURES 28–33. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 28–33. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (28–30) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (paratype from ISEA, 31–33), SEM micrographs: 28, 31 Male palpal coxae, retrolateral view; 29, 32 Glans penis, dorsal view, 30, 33 Same, lateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 5–10. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 5–10. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979, SEM micrographs: 5 Chelicera, prolateral view; 6 Same, retrolateral view; 7 Palp, prolateral view; 8 Same, retrolateral view; 9 Palpal femur, prolateral view; 10 Same, retrolateral view. Scales: 1mm.
FIGURES 66–71. Sabacon sergeididicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989
FIGURES 66–71. Sabacon sergeididicatum Martens, 1989 (66–68) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (female paratype ISEA O.001.0281 69–71): 66, 69 Female chelicera, retrolateral view; 67, 70 Same, dorso-prolateral view; 68, 71 Ovipositor, ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (66–67, 69–70), 0.1 mm (68, 71).
Data from: Temporal dynamics of encrusting communities during the Late Devonian: a case study from the Central Devonian Field, Russia
In this study we focused on the dynamics of encrusting assemblages preserved on brachiopod hosts collected from upper Frasnian and lower Famennian deposits of the Central Devonian Field, Russia. Because the encrusted brachiopods come from deposits bracketing the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) boundary, the results also shed some light on ecological differences in encrusting communities before and after the Frasnian–Famennian (F-F) event. To explore the diversity dynamics of encrusting assemblages, we analyzed more than 1300 brachiopod valves (substrates) from two localities. Taxon accumulation plots and shareholder quorum subsampling (SQS) routines indicated that a reasonably small sample of brachiopod host valves (n=50) is sufficient to capture the majority of the encrusting genera recorded at a given site. The richness of encrusters per substrate declined simultaneously with the number of encrusting taxa in the lower Famennian, accompanied by a decrease in epibiont abundance, with a comparable decrease in mean encrustation intensity (percentage of bioclasts encrusted by one or more epibionts). Epibiont abundance and occupancy roughly mirror each other. Strikingly, few ecological characteristics are correlated with substrate size, possibly reflecting random settlement of larvae. Evenness, which is negatively correlated with substrate size, shows greater within-stage variability among samples than between Frasnian and Famennian intervals and may indicate the instability of early Famennian biocenoses following the faunal turnover. The occurrence distribution of encrusters points to nonrandom associations and exclusions among several encrusting taxa. However, abundance and occupancy of microconchids remained relatively stable throughout the sampled time interval. The notable decline in abundance (~60%) and relatively minor decline in diversity (~30%) suggest jointly that encrusting communities experienced ecological collapse rather than a major mass extinction event. The differences between the upper Frasnian and lower Famennian encrusting assemblages may thus record a turnover associated with the F-F event.
Data from: The last 50 years of climate-induced melting of the Maliy Aktru glacier (Altai Mountains, Russia) revealed in a primary ecological succession
In this article, we report and discuss the results obtained from a survey of plants, microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), and soil elements along a chronosequence in the first 600 m of the Maliy Aktru glacier's forefront (Altai Mountains, Russia). Many glaciers of the world show effects of climate change. Nonetheless, except for some local reports, the ecological effects of deglaciation have been poorly studied and have not been quantitatively assessed in the Altai Mountains. Here, we studied the ecological changes of plants, fungi, bacteria, and soil elements that take the form of a primary ecological succession and that took place over the deglaciated soil of the Maliy Aktru glacier during the last 50 year. According to our measurements, the glacier lost about 12 m per year during the last 50 years. Plant succession shows clear signs of changes along the incremental distance from the glacier forefront. The analysis of the plant α‐ and β‐diversity confirmed an expected increase of them with increasing distance from the glacier forefront. Moreover, the analysis of β‐diversity confirmed the hypothesis of the presence of three main stages of the plant succession: (a) initial (pioneer species) from 30 to 100 m; (b) intermediate (r‐selected species) from 110 to 120–150 m; and (c) final (K‐selected species) from 150 to 550. Our study also shows that saprotrophic communities of fungi are widely distributed in the glacier retreating area with higher relative abundances of saprotroph ascomycetes at early successional stages. The evolution of a primary succession is also evident for bacteria, soil elements, and CO2 emission and respiration. The development of biological communities and the variation in geochemical parameters represent an irrefutable proof that climate change is altering soils that have been long covered by ice.
Data from: A maximum likelihood approach to generate hypotheses on the evolution and historical biogeography in the Lower Volga Valley regions (southwest Russia)
The evolution of the diverse flora in the Lower Volga Valley (LVV) (southwest Russia) is complex due to the composite geomorphology and tectonic history of the Caspian Sea and adjacent areas. In the absence of phylogenetic studies and temporal information, we implemented a maximum likelihood (ML) approach and stochastic character mapping reconstruction aiming at recovering historical signals from species occurrence data. A taxon-area matrix of 13 floristic areas and 1018 extant species was constructed and analyzed with RAxML and Mesquite. Additionally, we simulated scenarios with numbers of hypothetical extinct taxa from an unknown palaeoflora that occupied the areas before the dramatic transgression and regression events that have occurred from the Pleistocene to the present day. The flora occurring strictly along the river valley and delta appear to be younger than that of adjacent steppes and desert-like regions, regardless of the chronology of transgression and regression events that led to the geomorphological formation of the LVV. This result is also supported when hypothetical extinct taxa are included in the analyses. The history of each species was inferred by using a stochastic character mapping reconstruction method as implemented in Mesquite. Individual histories appear to be independent from one another and have been shaped by repeated dispersal and extinction events. These reconstructions provide testable hypotheses for more in-depth investigations of their population structure and dynamics.
Data from: The monophyly of Euparkeriidae (Reptilia: Archosauriformes) and the origins of Archosauria: a revision of Dorosuchus neoetus from the Mid-Triassic of Russia
Euparkeria capensis is resolved as the sister taxon to crown Archosauria in many cladistic phylogenies and provides a key outgroup which may approximate the ancestral archosaur morphology. Several other taxa have been referred to the family Euparkeriidae, but the monophyly of this taxon remains doubtful and largely untested. In order to test this monophyly, the archosauriform and putative euparkeriid Dorosuchus neoetus from the Mid-Triassic of Russia is reexamined in light of recent work on the evolution of stem archosaurs. Dorosuchus neoetus is found to possess a number of morphological features that place it close to Archosauria, including a sigmoidal femur with a clear attachment region for the m. caudifemoralis musculature, but no unambiguous archosaurian apomorphies. Dorosuchus neoetus is included for the first time in a numerical cladistic analysis, and is recovered as the sole sister taxon to Archosauria+Phytosauria. A monophyletic Euparkeriidae including D. neoetus and E. capensis is slightly less parsimonious. In addition, a mandible and pterygoid that were previously referred to D. neoetus subsequent to the original description of the species are also included separately within the phylogenetic analysis, and are recovered within crown Archosauria, possibly raising questions as to their correct taxonomic referral. However, this phylogenetic placement is based primarily on the absence of palatal teeth, but the presence or absence of palatal teeth exhibits considerable homoplasy within Archosauriformes. Based on other aspects of their morphology, we do not reject the referral of these elements to D. neoetus.
FIGURES 1–8 in A revision of Calodera Mannerheim. III. A new species from Russia and a key to the Palaearctic species of the genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
FIGURES 1–8. Calodera lunata sp. n. (1–5), C. zerchei Assing (6–7), and Parocyusa hebeiensis (Pace) (8): 1, 7, 8 — facies; 2 — head and pronotum; 3 — median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 4 – median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 5 — apical part of median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8 — forebody. Scale bars: 1, 6, 8: 1.0 mm; 2, 7: 0.5 mm; 3, 4: 0.2 mm; 5: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Aculus sayanicus, a new species of Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from grasses in Russia
FIGURE 1: Aculus sayanicus n. sp. female: D dorsal aspect; em empodium; DO dorsal microtubercles; L1, L2 legs I and II
FIGURE 2 in Aculus sayanicus, a new species of Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from grasses in Russia
FIGURE 2: Aculus sayanicus n. sp. female: CG coxigenital region; IG internal genitalia; PV posteroventral view.
FIGURES 2–5. Elachista bipunctella, female genitalia. 2 in New records and a new synonymy in Elachistidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from Far Eastern Russia
FIGURES 2–5. Elachista bipunctella, female genitalia. 2, ventral view; 3, left papilla anales, ventrolateral view; 4, signum, genitalia slide No. VS289, VPU; 5, signum, temporal preparation in glycerine from specimen: Primor'e, Khasanskii rn, zap. Kedrovaya Pad', Seksyaeva,1.viii.1988. Scale bar 0.2 mm (2), 0.1 mm (3–5).
FIGURE 2 in Tobrilus methanus sp. n. and Tripyla posolskii sp. n. (Nematoda, Triplonchida) from Lake Baikal, Russia
FIGURE 2. Tobrilus methanus sp. n. Paratype male and female. A: male, entire body; B: female, entire body; C: male, anterior body end; D: female head; E: male head; F: vulva region; G: cloaca region; H: male tail; I: female tail. Scale bars: A, B—100 µm; C, H—50 µm; F, I—20 µm; D, E, G—10 µm.
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