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406 results for “API”
Data for: The significance of Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) gnawing off the old brood cells
<p><em>Apis cerana cerana</em> has the biological characteristic of gnawing off the old brood cells for rearing multiple generations of workers. This study investigated the internal structure of newly built, old, and semi-rebuilt brood cells and their effects on the morphological development of workers to understand the significance of <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> gnawing off the old brood cells. The structural dimensions of the brood cells and the morphological characteristics of the newly emerged workers were measured. The results showed that <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> gnaw off the old brood cells mainly in two ways either by removing the whole cell or only the cell walls keeping the bases. The workers construct semi-rebuilt brood cells on the foundation of these old cell bases. The main shapes of the newly built, old, and semi-rebuilt brood cells are hexagonal prism, hexagonal prismatic table, and hexagonal prism having three rhombuses, hemisphere, and hemisphere-shaped bases, respectively. The average thickness of the newly built or semi-rebuilt brood comb was significantly smaller than that of the old brood comb (<em>P</em><0.05), while it was almost the same for the newly built and semi-rebuilt brood combs (<em>P</em>>0.05). The depth of brood cells showed no significant difference between the three types of brood cells (<em>P</em>>0.05), but the brood cell volumes were significantly different (<em>P</em><0.05). There was no significant difference among the three diameters (at the top, middle, and bottom positions) of newly built or semi-rebuilt brood cells (<em>P</em>>0.05), but these changed within the old brood cells (<em>P</em><0.05). The top, middle, and bottom diameters of the newly built or semi-rebuilt brood cells were significantly larger than those of the old brood cells (<em>P</em><0.05), but were almost the same between the newly built and the semi-rebuilt brood cells (<em>P</em>>0.05). The weight and base thickness of the cocoon were significantly greater in the old brood cells than those in the semi-rebuilt brood cells (<em>P</em><0.05). Importantly, the birth weight, body length, and the tested 6 external morphological indices did not show a significant difference between the newly built and the semi-rebuilt brood cells (<em>P</em>>0.05), but were significantly larger than those of old brood cells (<em>P</em><0.05). The size of brood cell and the external morphology of the workers showed a positive correlation. This study highlights the significance of <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> gnawing off the old brood cells providing a reference for its scientific breeding.</p>
Data for: Breeding honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) for low and high Varroa destructor population growth: gene expression of bees performing grooming behavior
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Social organisms, including honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.), have defense mechanisms to control the multiplication and transmission of parasites and pathogens within their colonies. Self-grooming, a mechanism of behavioral immunity, seems to contribute to restraining the population growth of the ectoparasitic mite <em>Varroa destructor</em> in honey bee colonies. Because <em>V. destructor</em> is the most damaging parasite of honey bees, breeding them for resistance against the mite is a high priority of the beekeeping industry. We conducted a bidirectional breeding program to select honey bee colonies with low and high varroa<em> </em>population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Having high and low lines of bees allowed the study of genetic mechanisms underlying self-grooming behavior between the extreme genotypes. Worker bees were classified into two categories: 'light groomers' and 'intense groomers'. The brains of bees from the different categories (LVG-intense, LVG-light, HVG-intense, and HVG-light) were used for gene expression and viral quantification analyses.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the LVG and HVG lines were identified, including four odorant-binding proteins and a gustatory receptor. A functional enrichment analysis showed 19 enriched pathways from a list of 219 down-regulated DEGs in HVG bees, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) term of oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, bees from the HVG line showed higher levels of <em>Apis rhabdovirus</em> <em>1</em> and <em>2</em>, <em>Varroa destructor virus -1</em> (VDV-1), and <em>Deformed wing virus-A</em> (DWV-A) compared to bees of the LVG line.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The difference in expression of odorant-binding protein genes and a gustatory receptor between bee lines suggests a possible link between them and the perception of irritants to trigger rapid self-grooming instances that require the activation of energy metabolic pathways. Therefore, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in honey bee grooming behavior. Differences in viral levels in the brains of LVG and HVG bees showed the importance of investigating the pathogenicity and potential impacts of neurotropic viruses on behavioral immunity. The results of this study advance the understanding of a trait used for selective breeding, self-grooming, and the potential of using genomic-assisted selection to improve breeding programs.</p>
Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
<p>Collaborative brood care by workers is essential for the functionality of eusocial honey bee, <em>Apis</em> <em>mellifera</em>, colonies. The hypopharyngeal food glands of workers play a crucial role in this context. Even though there is consensus that ubiquitous ectoparasitic mites <em>Varroa</em> <em>destructor</em> and widespread insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are major stressors for honey bee health, their impact alone and in combination on the feeding glands of workers is poorly understood. Here, we show that both <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, thereby potentially compromising collaborative brood care in colonies. In a fully-crossed laboratory experiment, the impact of mites and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin alone and in combination on workers were evaluated. While the neonicotinoids did not impact survival and emergence body mass, the data confirm that <em>V. destructor</em> reduces both. Even though the interactions between both stressors were antagonistic and neutral, the clear detrimental effects of both stressors alone and in combination on worker longevity and food glands are remarkable. Besides reduced worker longevity, impaired brood care provided by workers exposed to <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids could be detrimental for honey bee colony functionality. Our findings highlight a mechanism to explain honey bee colonies losses globally.</p>
HAARP API experimental data
<p>Raw data corresponding to HF signals received during API experiments conducted at HAARP from Oct. 24--26, 2022.</p>
deividrvale/nijn-coq-script-generation: First Release of public API
<p>This release describes the first version of the public API for ONijn.</p> <p>Please check <a href="url">https://deividrvale.github.io/nijn-coq-script-generation/onijn/index.html</a> for more details on this release. This version is attached, as software artifact, to the paper "Certifying Higher-Order Polynomial Interpretation", by Niels van der Weide, Deivid Vale, and Cynthia Kop.</p>
Phylogeography of cavity-nesting honeybees (Apis)
<p>We examine phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Asian cavity-nesting honeybees, emphasizing detection of potential unrecognized species in the geographically widespread <em>Apis cerana</em> Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apidae). We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using BEASTv1.8.4 and IQ-TREE 2. Our samples cover the largest geographic area and number of populations of Asian cavity-nesting honeybees sampled to date. Nodes in the tree were calibrated using the mid-Miocene giant honeybee <em>Apis lithohermaea</em> Engel. We used STRUCTURE, Bayes Factor Delimitation, and discriminant analysis of principal components to infer probable species among populations of cavity-nesting honeybees currently recognized as <em>Apis cerana</em>. Our results support four species within <em>A. cerana</em>: the yellow "plains" honeybee of India and Sri Lanka; the lineage inhabiting the oceanic Philippine islands; the Sundaland lineage found in Indonesia, Malaysia and parts of southeast Asia; and a Mainland lineage, which we provisionally consider <em>A. cerana</em> in a narrow sense.</p>
Data for: Honey bees (Apis mellifera) modify plant-pollinator network structure, but do not alter wild species' interactions
<p>Honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) are widely used for honey production and crop pollination, raising concern for wild pollinators, as honey bees may compete with wild pollinators for floral resources. The first sign of competition, before changes appear in wild pollinator abundance or diversity, may be changes to wild pollinator interactions with plants. Such changes for a community can be measured by looking at changes to metrics of resource use overlap in plant-pollinator interaction networks. Studies of honey bee effects on plant-pollinator networks have usually not distinguished whether honey bees alter wild pollinator interactions, or if they merely alter total network structure by adding their own interactions. To test this question, we experimentally introduced honey bees to a Canadian grassland and measured plant-pollinator interactions at varying distances from the introduced hives. We found that honey bees increased the network metrics of pollinator and plant functional complementarity and decreased interaction evenness. However, in networks constructed from just wild pollinator interactions, honey bee abundance did not affect any of the metrics calculated. Thus, all network structural changes to the full network (including honey bee interactions) were due only to honey bee-plant interactions, and not to honey bees causing changes in wild pollinator-plant interactions. Given widespread and increasing use of honey bees, it is important to establish whether they affect wild pollinator communities. Our results suggest that honey bees did not alter wild pollinator foraging patterns in this system, even in a year that was drier than the 20-year average.</p>
Fore wings of honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Jammu and Kashmir, India
<p>The dataset consists of 350 honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) fore wing images, which represent 175 workers and 10 locations in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The wing images are compressed in IN-wing-images.zip. Raw coordinates of 19 landmarks marked on the wings are in file IN-raw-coordinates.csv. Additional data, including geographic coordinates and resolution, is saved in the file IN-data.csv.</p>
Data for: The significance of Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) gnawing off the old brood cells
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Data from: Honey bees (Apis mellifera) modify plant-pollinator network structure, but do not alter wild species’ interactions
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Insecticide exposure alters flight-dependent gene-expression in honey bees, Apis mellifera
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Data for: Breeding honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) for low and high Varroa destructor population growth: gene expression of bees performing grooming behavior
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Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
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Phytochemical profiles of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and their larvae differ from the composition of their pollen diet
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Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
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Data from: Population genomics and morphometric assignment of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Republic of South Africa
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Data from: Individual and social heterosis act independently in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies
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Supplemental information and raw data: Developmental and caste-specific expression patterns of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters in honey bees (Apis mellifera)
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Data from: Towards holistic colony feeding: Effects of vitamin supplementation on summer and winter honeybee workers, Apis mellifera
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Data from: High foraging fidelity and plant-pollinator network dominance of non-native honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the Ecuadorian Andes
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.