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1,774 results for “Acceleration”
Energetic Proton Propagation and Acceleration Simulated for the Bastille Day Event of July 14, 2000
<p>This includes data from the EPREM+CORHEL simulation run presented in "Energetic Proton Propagation and Acceleration Simulated for the Bastille Day Event of July 14, 2000" (Astrophysical Journal). The eight files ending in '.nc' contain the EPREM stream-observer data used to create Figures 5 & 7. The data was saved in the self-describing <a href="https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/">NetCDF4</a> format. The HTML files contain the following interactive figures, which you can open in your internet browser:</p> <ul> <li><strong>cos_theta-e10.0-t44.html</strong> cosine of the flow angle (Figure 7)</li> <li><strong>divV-e10.0-t44.html</strong> velocity divergence (Figure 7)</li> <li><strong>flux-e10.0-t44-log.html</strong> differential flux of 10-MeV protons (Figure 7)</li> <li><strong>peak_flux-e10.0-t44.html</strong> relative peak flux of 10-MeV protons (Figure 5)</li> <li><strong>peak_flux-e100.0-t44.html</strong> relative peak flux of 100-MeV protons (not shown in paper)</li> <li><strong>tau_p-e10.0-t44-log.html</strong> theoretical acceleration rate (Figure 7)</li> </ul>
BOOSTR: A Dataset for Accelerator Control Systems (Full Release 2020)
<p>BOOSTR (Booster Operation Optimization Sequential Time-Series for Regression) was created to provide cycle-by-cycle time series of readings and settings from instruments and controllable devices of the Booster, the 15~Hz Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) at Fermilab. This is the full release. For more information, please see associated <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08359.pdf">Data Descriptor</a>.</p>
Data from: Accelerated diversification explains the exceptional species richness of tropical characoid fishes
<p>The Neotropics harbor the most species-rich freshwater fish fauna on the planet, but the timing of that exceptional diversification remains unclear. Did the Neotropics accumulate species steadily throughout their long history, or attain their remarkable diversity recently? Biologists have long debated the relative support for these museum and cradle hypotheses, but few phylogenies of megadiverse tropical clades have included sufficient taxa to distinguish between them. We used 1288 ultraconserved element loci spanning 293 species, 211 genera, and 21 families of characoid fishes to reconstruct a new, fossil-calibrated phylogeny and infer the most likely diversification scenario for a clade that includes a third of Neotropical fish diversity. This phylogeny implies paraphyly of the traditional delimitation of Characiformes because it resolves the largely Neotropical Characoidei as the sister lineage of Siluriformes (catfishes), rather than the African Citharinodei. Time-calibrated phylogenies indicate an ancient origin of major characoid lineages and reveal a much more recent emergence of most characoid species. Diversification rate analyses infer increased speciation and decreased extinction rates during the Oligocene at around 30 Ma during a period of mega-wetland formation in the proto-Orinoco-Amazonas. Three species rich and ecomorphologically diverse lineages (Anostomidae, Serrasalmidae, and Characidae) that originated more than 60 Ma in the Paleocene experienced particularly notable bursts of Oligocene diversification and now account collectively for 68% of the approximately 2150 species of Characoidei. In addition to paleogeographic changes, we discuss potential accelerants of diversification in these three lineages. While the Neotropics accumulated a museum of ecomorphologically diverse characoid lineages long ago, this geologically dynamic region also cradled a much more recent birth of remarkable species-level diversity.</p>
Data from: Mycorrhizal feedbacks generate positive frequency dependence accelerating grassland succession
1. Plant mutualists including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been postulated as being important drivers of plant community diversity and succession. Late successional plants have been shown to be more responsive to AM fungi and more sensitive to AM fungal species identity, which could generate positive feedback and potentially accelerate succession. 2. We test the effect of AM fungi on plant diversity and on frequency dependence predicted by positive plant‐AM fungi feedback across a successional gradient. We created prairie mesocosms comprised of a majority early‐successional, equal abundance and a majority late successional plant species. We inoculated these mesocosms and a field restoration experiment with 14 different communities of AM fungi from late successional prairies that varied in levels of species richness. 3. Overall, we found that AM fungi increased plant diversity and this was driven by the response of late successional plant species to mycorrhizae. Our results indicate that AM fungal composition is more important than AM fungal diversity per se. We found that the effect of inoculation with a single species or groups of AM fungi depended on whether those fungi benefited late successional plant species. Early successional plants consistently exhibited negative frequency dependent growth regardless of fungal composition, while late successional plants demonstrated positive frequency dependent growth in our mesocosms—but only in the presence of beneficial AM fungal species. These results are consistent with positive plant‐mycorrhizal feedbacks accelerating plant community successional trajectories once late successional plants establish. Mesocosm results were mirrored with field inoculation assays where we found that beneficial AM fungi facilitated late successional plant establishment. 4. Synthesis. Our results provide support for beneficial AM fungi being a primary mechanism for positive plant‐soil feedback driving plant community succession, as late successional seedlings grew faster and larger when their neighbors were also late successional plant species when they were associated with beneficial AM fungi. We found that this positive feedback thereby accelerated succession in mesocosms and in the field.
Wolbachia-infected ant colonies have increased reproductive investment and an accelerated life cycle
<p><b><em>Wolbachia </em>is a widespread group of maternally-transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria that often manipulates the reproductive strategy and life history of its hosts to favor its own transmission. <em>Wolbachia </em></b><b>mediated phenotypic effects are well characterized in solitary hosts, although evidence of similar effects are rare in eusocial insects, such as ants. The invasive pharaoh ant, <em>Monomorium pharaonis</em>, shows natural variation in </b><b><em>Wolbachia </em></b><b>infection between colonies and can be readily bred under laboratory conditions. We previously showed that </b><b><em>Wolbachia</em></b><b>-infected pharaoh ant colonies had a queen-biased sex ratio, which is expected to favor the spread of maternally-transmitted </b><b><em>Wolbachia</em></b><b>. Here, we further characterize the effects of </b><b><em>Wolbachia </em></b><b>on the short- and longer-term reproductive and life history traits of pharaoh ant colonies. First we characterized reproductive differences between naturally infected and uninfected colonies at three discrete time points and found that infected colonies had higher reproductive investment (i.e. infected colonies produce more new queens), in particular when colony queens were three months old. Next, we compared the long-term growth and reproduction dynamics of infected and uninfected colonies across their whole life cycle. Infected colonies had increased colony-level growth and early colony reproduction, resulting in a shorter colony life cycle, when compared to uninfected colonies. </b></p>
Data from: Acceleration or deceleration of litter decomposition by herbivory depends on nutrient availability through intraspecific differences in induced plant resistance traits
1. Herbivores often induce changes in plant defensive chemistry or nutrient content that may respectively inhibit or promote microbial decomposition of senesced litter. Often the directional impact of herbivores on decomposition is considered to be a property of a species or ecosystem. While rarely explored, intraspecific plasticity in the induction of defensive strategies across environmental gradients may also result in divergent impacts of herbivores on decomposition (deceleration vs. acceleration). 2. Here, we examined how soil nutrient conditions determine after-life effects of herbivory, using nine goldenrod (Solidago altissima) genotypes grown across four levels of nutrient supply and with or without grasshopper herbivory. In this species, herbivory induces defensive traits in genotypes grown in high soil nutrient conditions but induces tolerance (compensatory growth) in low nutrient conditions. We combined senesced litter from each treatment with a common soil inoculum in experimental microcosms and measured soil respiration and litter mass loss over 100 days as estimates of decomposition. 3. Plant genotype, nutrient environment, and herbivory all had significant effects on decomposition. The legacy effect of herbivory overwhelmed the positive effects of high soil nutrient supply on decomposition. This significant herbivory nutrient environment interaction meant that herbivore-induced plants grown in high nutrient environments produced litter that was more resistant to microbial breakdown than litter from the same genotype not exposed to herbivory. But the opposite occurred at low nutrient levels where litter from herbivore-induced plants was most readily decomposed. Further we mechanistically tie nutrient and herbivory legacy treatments to decomposition rates through predictable changes in leaf trait expression. Lastly, we demonstrate a significant correlation among herbivore growth rates on the living tissue and decomposition efficiencies by the microbial community of the senesced tissue, suggesting that herbivores and microbes perceive the "quality" of the induced substrate similarly. 4. Synthesis: Herbivore-induced changes in leaf palatability and trait expression due to defense induction or compensatory growth can cascade through to either promote or inhibit the decomposability of leaf litter within a single species. These findings offer mechanistic understanding of how spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem process rates can be generated by spatial variation in herbivory and nutrient availability.
Data from: Rising CO2 accelerates phosphorus and molybdenum limitation of N2-fixation in young tropical trees
Background and Aims: Nitrogen fixation may be critical for supplying the nitrogen (N) needed to maintain the tropical carbon sink in a world of rising atmospheric CO2. However, we do not know whether increased CO2 acts to exacerbate nutrient limitation on the fixation process itself. We experimentally test this idea by growing N2-fixing plants in pre-Industrial (280 ppm), present-day (400 ppm), and doubled (800 ppm) atmospheric CO2. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, we grew tree seedlings from N2-fixing species and a non-fixing species at three CO2 concentrations with control, +P (phosphorus), +Mo (molybdenum), and +P+Mo nutrient treatments. Results: We found nutrient limitation to be minimal at pre-Industrial CO2, but with increasing CO2 fixer growth and fixation became increasingly limited by P and by a P-by-Mo interaction. At 400 ppm, plants with +P grew ~50% faster and fixed 10-15x more N2 based on nodule mass and nitrogenase activity. At 800 ppm, plants with +P+Mo grew 200% more, and fixed 25x more N2, suggesting Mo-P co-limitation at elevated CO2. Conclusion: Our findings imply that complex patterns of nutrient limitation can develop as CO2 rises, potentially suppressing tropical N2-fixation and new inputs of N needed to sustain the tropical carbon sink.
Research data accompanying the paper 'GPU-Accelerated Exploration of Biomolecular Energy Landscapes'
<p>Input and output files for the results presented in Tables 1-8 of the paper 'GPU-Accelerated Exploration of Biomolecular Energy Landscapes'. Further information on these files can be found in the README files within the tar file.</p>
Bulge accelerated BM dataset
<p>The package includes the files to analyse the experiemntal data presented in the manuscript (to be published and updated).</p> <p>The package also includes the oxDNA runtime files and analysis files that produced the free energy diagrams of the bulge diffusion process.</p>
Dataset/Models for: Active learning accelerated exploration of the single atom local environments in multimetallic systems for oxygen electrocatalysis
<p>This is the datasets and trained models for the work "Active learning accelerated exploration of the single atom local environments in multimetallic systems for oxygen electrocatalysis", by Hoje Chun, Jaclyn R. Lunger, Jeung Ku Kang, Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli, and Byungchan Han. Folder named Models contains the trained models of "m-PaiNN" and "per-site PaiNN". Folder named Dataset contains the torch dataset and Dataset_raw contains the raw Density Functional Theory (DFT) dataset parsed in format of pymatgen Structure. Some structures (868) in the search space are missing due to the lost track of the geometry optimization during the initial dataset curation.</p>
Fertilization can accelerate the pace of soil microbial community response to rest-grazing duration in the Three-river Source Region of China
<div> <div> <p><strong><span>Objectives</span></strong> </p> <p><span>Overgrazing leads to grassland degradation and productivity decline. Rest-grazing during the regreen-up period can quickly restore grassland and fertilization is a common restoration measure. Meanwhile, soil microorganisms are more sensitive indicators. Therefore, the experiment of rest-grazing time and fertilization was carried out to explore the response of soil microorganisms to rest-grazing time and fertilization measures. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong> </span></p> <p><span>A field control experiment with rest-grazing time and fertilization as factors was conducted from the time when grass returned to green till the livestock moved to the summer pasture in Dawu Town of Maqin County.</span> <span>The primary treatment we established was the five</span> <span>rest-grazing times, including rest-grazing times of 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, and traditional grazing was used as a check group. At the same time, the secondary treatment was nitrogen addition of 300 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> in each primary treatment. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong> </span></p> <p><span>The results showed that: the total phospholipid fatty acid (total PLFA), actinomyces (Act) and arbuscular </span><span>mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) showed an ever-increasing biomass with the increase of rest-grazing time and the highest was at 50 days of rest-grazing, and they were all significantly higher than CK. In addition, soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio (MBC/MBN)</span> <span>had a great influence on the change of microbial community. Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase the maximum value of biomass of all PLFA groups and the biomass of all PLFA groups changed in an "inverted V" shape with the increase of rest-grazing time. Besides, </span><span>instead of MBC/MBN, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N</span><span> was positively affected by the biomass of</span> <span>all PLFA groups, which actively regulated the trend of microbial functions. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong> </span></p> <p><span>The longer rest-grazing time is more conducive to the biomass of all PLFA groups. However, applying nitrogen fertilizer could break this pattern, namely, the 30d rest-grazing would</span> <span>be beneficial to the biomass of all PLFA groups. These findings provide key information that rest-grazing during the regreen-up period is beneficial to all PLFA groups and </span><span>fertilization could change the response of microorganisms to rest-grazing</span><span>, which provides reference measures for the restoration of degraded alpine meadows.</span></p> </div> </div>
the supplementary of Novel plastid genome characteristics in Fugacium kawagutii and accelerated evolution of plastid proteins in dinoflagellates
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Accelerated Perovskite Solar Cells Ageing Dataset
<p>The dataset contains accelerated ageing test traces (time vs. MPPT PCE/ maximum power point tracking power conversion efficiency) for perovskite solar cells with SAM (self-assembled monolayer)-based and NiOx-based hole transport layers at various temperatures in .csv format.</p> <p>The next step to process and analyze the data, can be accessed here: https://github.com/noortitan/AcceleratedCyclePSCs/.</p>
Data for Accelerating Quantum Computations of Chemistry Through Regularized Compressed Double Factorization
<p>Dataset substantiating the claims in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07957">[2212.07957] Accelerating Quantum Computations of Chemistry Through Regularized Compressed Double Factorization (arxiv.org)</a></p>
Acceleration of warming, deoxygenation and acidification in the Arabian Gulf driven by weakening of summer winds
<p>This archive contains netCDF files corresponding to datasets used in the Geophysical Research Letters paper titled<br>"Acceleration of warming, deoxygenation and acidification in the Arabian Gulf driven by weakening of summer winds" by Zouhair Lachkar, Michael Mehari, Francesco Paparella and John A. Burt.</p> <p>The data is in standard netCDF file format, which is readily readable using standard netCDF tools. Variables, dimensions and units are described in the netcdfs metadata.</p>
Dataset for paper: The Promise and Challenges of Using LLMs to Accelerate the Screening Process of Systematic Reviews
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and code from "COVID-19 lockdown effects on adolescent brain structure suggest accelerated maturation that is more pronounced in females than in males"
<p>Data and code used to perform analyses published in the research article "COVID-19 lockdown effects on adolescent brain structure suggest accelerated maturation that is more pronounced in females than in males" which is currently in press in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2403200121).</p>
Data from: Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change
<p>Datasets depicting historical (1901-1920), contemporary (1979-2013), and future (2061-2080) life zones as global rasters at 30 arc-second resolution in GeoTiff format are included, which were produced for the study "Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change", published in <i>Global Change Biology</i> by Elsen <i>et al</i>. Life zones are determined by distinct combinations of biotemperature and precipitation and represent broad-scale ecosystem types (<i>sensu</i> Holdridge<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span>). For the future period, life zone maps were produced using five general circulation models (GCMs: CESM1-BGC, MPI-ESM-MR, ACCESS1-3, MIROC5, and CMCC-CM), each under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). An ensemble mean across all five GCMs is also included for each RCP. All input datasets are publicly available and, along with the complete methodology, are described in Elsen <i>et al.</i></p> <div> <div> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span> Holdridge, LR (1947) Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data. <i>Science</i>, <b>105</b>, 367–368.</p> </div> </div>
Multi-Scale Computational Screening to Accelerate Discovery of IL/COF Composites for Flue Gas Separation
<p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as novel adsorbents and membranes for gas separation. Incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) into COFs is important to exceed the current performance limits of COFs. However, synthesis and testing of a nearly unlimited number of IL/COF combinations are simply impractical. Herein, we used a multi-scale computational screening approach combining COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS) method, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to unlock both the adsorption- and membrane-based CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2 </sub>separation performances of IL/COF composites. Several adsorbent and membrane performance assessment metrics including selectivity, working capacity, regenerability, adsorbent performance score, and permeability were computed. Our results revealed that IL-incorporation into COFs significantly improved CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> adsorption selectivities (from 12 to 26) and adsorbent performance scores (from 3.7 to 12 mol/kg). By performing DFT calculations, the nature of the interactions between CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, COFs and their IL-incorporated composites were evaluated. The high CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity of IL/COF composites was attributed to the cooperative intermolecular effects induced by the COF and the IL. Finally, IL/COF membranes were studied, and results showed that they achieve significantly higher CO<sub>2</sub> permeabilities (2.4 10<sup>4</sup>-9.4 10<sup>5</sup> Barrer) than polymeric and zeolite membranes and comparable selectivities (up to 15.7), which hold great promise to replace conventional materials in membrane-based flue gas separation applications. Our results will be useful in accelerating experimental efforts to design new IL/COF composites that can achieve high-performance CO<sub>2</sub> separation.</p>
Monthly TSI for "Prospects for Detecting Accelerated Global Warming"
<p>Stitched monthly TSI reconstruction as used in:<br> Richardson M "Prospects for Detecting Accelerated Global Warming"<br> Submitted to: Geophys. Res. Lett. 2021</p> <p>This is constructed from daily PMOD, SORCE and TSIS data, with linear interpolation between missing values before taking the monthly average.<br> <br> Please cite the original data sources:<br> PMOD: ftp://ftp.pmodwrc.ch/pub/data/irradiance/composite/composite_42_65_1709.dat and: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9046-5<br> SORCE-TIM: http://lasp.colorado.edu/data/sorce/tsi_data/daily/sorce_tsi_L3_c24h_latest.txt and: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-005-7446-4<br> TSIS: http://lasp.colorado.edu/data/tsis/tsi_data/tsis_tsi_L3_c24h_latest.txt and: https://doi.org/10.5067/TSIS/TIM/DATA306</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.