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8,998 results for “Adaptation”
Figs 20‒25 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 20‒25. Hubeicampa melissa Sendra & Lips gen. et sp. nov. 20. Apical view of the last antennomere. 21. Ramiform net of the olfactory chemoreceptor in the cupuliform organ. 22. Distal portion of a central antennomere. 23. Detail of the ramiform net of the olfactory chemoreceptor. 24. Detail of the gouge sensillum. 25. Ventral side of the third antennomere with its sensillum (sIII).
Figs 16‒19 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 16‒19. Anisuracampa ywangana Sendra & Komerički sp. nov. 16. First urosternite in a female. 17. Detail of the appendage of the first urosternite in a female with glandular a 1 and a 2 setae. 18. Stylus of the lateral right side of the fifth urosternite. 19. Detail of the stylus of the lateral right side of the fifth urosternite.
Figs 12‒15 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 12‒15. Anisuracampa ywangana Sendra & Komerički sp. nov. 12. Pretarsus of metathoracic leg. 13. Posterior claw and its lateral processes of pretarsus. 14. Anterior claw and its lateral processes. 15. Detail of lateral processes.
Figs 86‒91 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 86‒91. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 86. Eighth and ninth urosternites. 87. Fourth urosternite. 88. Eighth and ninth urotergites. 89. Urite X and cerci, dorsal side. 90. Cerci, dorsal side. 91. Detail of the cerci, dorsal side. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
Figs 51‒54 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 51‒54. Pacificampa wudonghuii Sendra sp. nov. 51. Gouge sensilla (gs) of antennomeres. 52. Sensillum of the third antennomeree (sIII). 53. Surface of the notum with external glands (eg). 54. Frontal process with anterior (a), intermediate (i) and posterior (p) macrosetae of the insertion line of antennae and x setae.
Figs 1‒4 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 1‒4. Cave-adapted diplurans from Win Tin Twin Cave, Ywangan karst, Shan State, Myanmar. 1. Anisuracampa ywangana Sendra & Komerički sp. nov., with Diplopoda at 300 m from the entrance. 2. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. at the same site. 3. Speleothems in the main passage of the cave. 4. Entrance to the cave. (Photographs: Ana Komerički).
Figs 9‒11 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 9‒11. Anisuracampa ywangana Sendra & Komerički sp. nov., holotype (MZB (MCNAB) 2020- 1152) 9. Pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum, left side. 10. Frontal process. 11. Detail of the base of medial anterior mesonotal macroseta.
Figs 5‒8 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)
Figs 5‒8. Anisuracampa ywangana Sendra & Komerički sp. nov. 5. Apical view of last antennomere. 6. Olfactory chemoreceptor of the cupuliform organ. 7. Central antennemeres. 8. Lateral distal medial antenomere with gouge sensilla (gs).
Data from: Gene flow, ancient polymorphism, and ecological adaptation shape the genomic landscape of divergence among Darwin's finches
Genomic comparisons of closely related species have identified "islands" of locally elevated sequence divergence. Genomic islands may contain functional variants involved in local adaptation or reproductive isolation and may therefore play an important role in the speciation process. However, genomic islands can also arise through evolutionary processes unrelated to speciation, and examination of their properties can illuminate how new species evolve. Here, we performed scans for regions of high relative divergence (FST) in 12 species pairs of Darwin's finches at different genetic distances. In each pair, we identify genomic islands that are, on average, elevated in both relative divergence (FST) and absolute divergence (dXY). This signal indicates that haplotypes within these genomic regions became isolated from each other earlier than the rest of the genome. Interestingly, similar numbers of genomic islands of elevated dXY are observed in sympatric and allopatric species pairs, suggesting that recent gene flow is not a major factor in their formation. We find that two of the most pronounced genomic islands contain the ALX1 and HMGA2 loci, which are associated with variation in beak shape and size, respectively, suggesting that they are involved in ecological adaptation. A subset of genomic island regions, including these loci, appears to represent anciently diverged haplotypes that evolved early during the radiation of Darwin's finches. Comparative genomics data indicate that these loci, and genomic islands in general, have exceptionally low recombination rates, which may play a role in their establishment.
EBSD datasets for cross-sectioned structural steel hardness indentations - Adaptive Domain Misorientation
<p>Open access datasets for structural steel hardness indentations from the following publication: Ultramicroscopy 2021, Volume 222: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113203">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113203</a></p> <p>Files included:</p> <ul> <li>Adaptive domain misorientation calculated for Indentation 1 and 2 using misorientation thresholds (Delta theta) 0.5deg and 2deg, corresponding to dense dislocation walls and sub-grain boundaries</li> <li>Indentation 2: Raw dataset and associated mask file for excluding the edge of the data</li> </ul> <p>The methodology for analysing and plotting of the data is found at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4430623">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4430623</a></p> <p>For further information visit: Aalto University Wiki - <a href="https://wiki.aalto.fi/display/EMDIDS">https://wiki.aalto.fi/display/EMDIDS</a></p>
Adaptation and energy demand systematic mapping of the literature dataset
<p>Those files form a database of all the informations extracted during the associated systematic review : <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc044">When adaptation increases energy demand: a systematic map of the literature</a></p> <p>ReadMe.pdf provides a detailled notice of the dataset.</p> <p>This dataset contains 1 SQLite file and for convenience 9 CSV files which are the tables contained in the SQLite file. CSV files are given both in Windows and Linux format in separate folders.</p>
Data From: Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle
<p>GEMMA output containing summary statistics for generation proxy selection mapping (GPSM) and environmental GWAS (envGWAS) selection analyses from <br> Rowan et al. "Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle" 2021<br> https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.988121 </p> <p>File names identify the analysis run, for example<br> "Gelbvieh_envgwas_desert_summary_stats.txt.gz"<br> Is the Gelbvieh dataset analyzed using the Desert ecoregion as the dependent variable <br> in a univariate envGWAS model. </p> <p>Files are formated according to GEMMA output.</p>
Data from: Association genetics of growth and adaptive traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using whole-exome-discovered polymorphisms
In the United States, forest genetics research began over 100 years ago and loblolly pine breeding programs were established in the 1950s. However, the genetics underlying complex traits of loblolly pine remains to be discovered. To address this, adaptive and growth traits were measured and analyzed in a clonally tested loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) population. Over 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers detected from exome sequencing were used to test for single locus associations, SNP-SNP interactions and correlation of individual heterozygosity with phenotypic traits. A total of 36 SNP-trait associations were found for specific leaf area (5 SNPs), branch angle (2), crown width (3), stem diameter (4), total height (9), carbon isotope discrimination (4), nitrogen concentration (2), and pitch canker resistance traits (7). Eleven SNP-SNP interactions were found to be associated with branch angle (1 SNP-SNP interaction), crown width (2), total height (2), carbon isotope discrimination (2), nitrogen concentration (1), and pitch canker resistance (3). Non-additive effects imposed by dominance and epistasis account for a large fraction of the genetic variance for the quantitative traits. Genes that contain the identified SNPs have a wide spectrum of functions. Individual heterozygosity positively correlated with water use efficiency and nitrogen concentration. In conclusion, multiple effects identified in this study influence the performance of loblolly pines, provide resources for understanding the genetic control of complex traits, and have potential value for assessing with breeding through marker assisted selection and genomic selection.
Data from: Local adaptation (mostly) remains local: reassessing environmental associations of climate-related candidate SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri
<p>Numerous landscape genomic studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes potentially involved in local adaptation. Rarely, it has been explicitly evaluated whether these environmental associations also hold true beyond the populations studied. We tested whether putatively adaptive SNPs in <em>Arabidopsis</em> <em>halleri</em> (Brassicaceae), characterized in a previous study investigating local adaptation to a highly heterogeneous environment, show the same environmental associations in an independent, geographically enlarged set of 18 populations. We analysed new SNP data of 444 plants with the same methodology (partial Mantel tests, PMTs) as in the original study and additionally with a latent factor mixed model (LFMM) approach. Of the 74 candidate SNPs, 41% (PMTs) and 51% (LFMM) were associated with environmental factors in the independent data set. However, only 5% (PMTs) and 15% (LFMM) of the associations showed the same environment–allele relationships as in the original study. In total, we found 11 genes (31%) containing the same association in the original and independent data set. These can be considered prime candidate genes for environmental adaptation at a broader geographical scale. Our results suggest that selection pressures in highly heterogeneous alpine environments vary locally and signatures of selection are likely to be population-specific. Thus, genotype-by-environment interactions underlying adaptation are more heterogeneous and complex than is often assumed, which might represent a problem when testing for adaptation at specific loci.</p>
Data from: Adaptive genetic variation distinguishes Chilean blue mussels (Mytilus chilensis) from different marine environments
Chilean mussel populations have been thought to be panmictic with limited genetic structure. Genotyping-by-sequencing approaches have enabled investigation of genome-wide variation that may better distinguish populations that have evolved in different environments. We investigated neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Mytilus from six locations in southern Chile with 1,240 SNP obtained with RAD-seq. Differentiation among locations with 891 neutral SNPs was low (FST = 0.005). Higher differentiation was obtained with a panel of 58 putative outlier SNPs (FST = 0.114) indicating the potential for local adaptation. This panel identified clusters of genetically related individuals and demonstrated that much of the differentiation (~92%) could be attributed to the three major regions and environments: extreme conditions in Patagonia, inner bay influenced by aquaculture (Reloncaví́), and outer bay (Chiloé Island). Patagonia samples were most distinct, but additional analysis carried out excluding this collection also revealed adaptive divergence between inner and outer bay samples. The four locations within Reloncaví́ area were most similar with all panels of markers, likely due to similar environments, high gene flow by aquaculture practices and low geographic distance. However, fine scale structure could be detected when analyses included only this zone. Our results and the SNP markers developed will be a powerful tool supporting management and programs of this harvested species.
Datasets from: Adaptation of Mediterranean forest species to climate: lessons from common garden experiments
<p>We include information (raw Datasets) corresponding to the paper; Adaptation of Mediterranean forest species to climate: lessons from common garden experiments.</p> <p>Table Journal of Ecology Review.xls. Material used in the metaanalysis</p> <p>JoE Row data Common garden.xls. Raw data for survival and height used in the study. Multi-environment commong garden data for Pinus canariensis, P. halepensis, P. nigra, P. pinaster, Quercus ilex, and Q. suber.</p> <p>JoE Dataset4.xls. Data used for the analysis of local adaptation.</p> <p> </p>
Adapting Phrase-based Machine Translation to Normalise Medical Terms in Social Media Messages
<p>Data and supplementary information for the paper entitled "Adapting Phrase-based Machine Translation to Normalise Medical Terms in Social Media Messages" to be published at EMNLP 2015: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing — September 17–21, 2015 — Lisboa, Portugal.</p> <p>ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that health reports in social media, such as DailyStrength and Twitter, have potential for monitoring health conditions (e.g. adverse drug reactions, infectious diseases) in particular communities. However, in order for a machine to understand and make inferences on these health conditions, the ability to recognise when laymen's terms refer to a particular medical concept (i.e. text normalisation) is required. To achieve this, we propose to adapt an existing phrase-based machine translation (MT) technique and a vector representation of words to map between a social media phrase and a medical concept. We evaluate our proposed approach using a collection of phrases from tweets related to adverse drug reactions. Our experimental results show that the combination of a phrase-based MT technique and the similarity between word vector representations outperforms the baselines that apply only either of them by up to 55%.</p>
Robot Self-Assembly as Adaptive Growth Process: Collective Selection of Seed Position and Self-Organizing Tree-Structures
<p>Autonomous self-assembly allows to create structures and scaffolds on demand and automatically. The desired structure may be predetermined or alternatively it is the result of an artificial growth process that adapts to environmental features and to the intermediate structure itself. In a self-organizing and decentralized control approach the robots interact only locally and form the structure collectively. Designing a complete approach that allows the robot group to collectively decide on where to start the self-assembly, that adapts at runtime to environmental conditions, and that guarantees the structural stability is challenging and does not yet exist. We present an approach to self-assembly inspired by diffusion-limited aggregation that generates an adaptive structure reacting to environmental conditions in an artificial growth process. During a preparatory stage the robots collectively decide where to start the self-assembly also depending on environmental conditions. In the actual self-assembly stage, the robots create tree-like structures that grow towards light. We report the results of robot self-assembly experiments with 50 Kilobots. Our results demonstrate how an adaptive growth process can be implemented in robots. We explain how our approach will be extended to a 3-d growth process and how robot self-assembly as an open-ended adaptive growth process opens up a multiplicity of future opportunities.</p>
A geometry preserving, conservative, mesh-to-mesh isogeometric interpolation algorithm for spatial adaptivity of the multigroup, second-order even-parity form of the neutron transport equation
<p>In this paper a method is presented for the application of energy-dependent spatial meshes applied to the multigroup, second-order, even-parity form of the neutron transport equation using Isogeometric Analysis (IGA). The computation of the inter-group regenerative source terms is based on conservative interpolation by Galerkin projection. The use of Non-Uniform Rational B-splines (NURBS) from the original computer-aided design (CAD) model allows for efficient implementation and calculation of the spatial projection operations while avoiding the complications of matching different geometric approximations faced by traditional finite element methods (FEM). The rate-of-convergence was verified using the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) and found to preserve the theoretical rates when interpolating between spatial meshes of different refinements. The scheme’s numerical efficiency was then studied using a series of two-energy group pincell test cases where a significant saving in the number of degrees-of-freedom can be found if the energy group with a complex variation in the solution is refined more than an energy group with a simpler solution function. Finally, the method was applied to a heterogeneous, seven-group reactor pincell where the spatial meshes for each energy group were adaptively selected for refinement. It was observed that by refining selected energy groups a reduction in the total number of degrees-of-freedom for the same total L2 error can be obtained.</p>
1151 commits with software maintenance activity labels (corrective,perfective,adaptive)
<p>Data format: CSV</p> <p>Separator character: '#'</p> <p><strong>This dataset contains 1151 commits manually labeled with maintenance activities ("c" for corrective, "p" for perfective, "a" for adaptive)</strong> according to the definition by Mockus et al. in <em>"Mockus, A. and Votta, L.G., 2000, October. Identifying Reasons for Software Changes using Historic Databases. In icsm (pp. 120-130)"</em>.</p> <p>In addition, this dataset also contains <strong>further information (features) extracted from the commits</strong>:</p> <ol> <li>The <strong>source code changes</strong> performed by the commit author as part of a given commit (statement added, statement removed, etc.) <ul> <li>The source code change taxonomy is detailed in <em>"Fluri, B. and Gall, H.C., 2006, June. Classifying change types for qualifying change couplings. In Program Comprehension, 2006. ICPC 2006. 14th IEEE International Conference on (pp. 35-45). IEEE."</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>A binary indication (1/0) whether a given commit contains any of the <strong>keywords from a pre-computed </strong>(according to a word frequency analysis)<strong> set of keywords</strong> <strong>indicative of each maintenance activity</strong>.</li> </ol> <p>The dataset consists of commits sampled from the following open source projects:</p> <ol> <li>RxJava</li> <li>hbase</li> <li>elasticsearch</li> <li>intellij-community</li> <li>hadoop</li> <li>drools</li> <li>kotlin</li> <li>restlet-framework-java</li> <li>orientdb</li> <li>camel</li> <li>spring-framework </li> </ol> <p>This dataset is a supporting material for the paper <strong>"Boosting Automatic Commit Classification Into Maintenance Activities By Utilizing Source Code Changes", to appear in PROMISE 2017.</strong></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.