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298 results for “Adriatic Sea”
Assessment of connectivity patterns of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Adriatic and Ionian seas through combination of genetic data and Lagrangian simulations
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Microsatellite data from Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea
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Scale dependence of drilling predation in the Holocene of the northern Adriatic Sea across benthic habitats and nutrient regimes
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FIGURE 7. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 7. Streblospio eridani n. sp. a brooding structures. b oocytes along the body, and in a lateral row at each side of the body on anterior chaetigers. c oocytes inside the brooding structures. d posterior branched structures. e methyl green staining pattern (paratype MNHF I.AL.19.0002-9), ventrolateral view Abbreviations: bs, brooding structures; oo, oocytes; pbs, posterior branched structures. Scale bars: a = 20 µm; b-c = 100 µm; d = 30 µm; e = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 6. Streblospio eridani n. sp. a anterior chaetigers, left lateral view. b hooded hooks with pairs of small teeth distal to the main tooth on posterior chaetigers, ventral view. c neuropod of middle chaetiger with granulated sabre chaeta, hooded hooks, and companion chaetae. d pygidium with one pair of very short ventral lappets, ventral view. Abbreviations: nt2, notopod of chaetiger 2; ch2, chaetiger 2; ch1, chaetiger 1; co, companion chaetae; sa, sabre chaeta; hh, hooded hooks; vl, ventral lappets. Scale bars: a = 10 μm; b = 2 μm; c-d = 10 μm.
FIGURE 3. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 3. Streblospio eridani n. sp. ciliated palps. a anterior region, with branchiae and palps, lateral view. b distal end of palp, frontal surface, lateral view. c detail of palp with cilia on frontal surface, latero-frontal view. d detail of frontal surface of ciliated palp, frontal view. Abbreviations: br, branchiae; pl, palps; fs, frontal surface; Lci, lateral cilia; Fci, frontal cilia, Lfc, latero-frontal cirri. Scale bars: a = 100 μm; b = 20 μm; c = 3 μm; d = 30 μm.
FIGURE 2. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 2. Streblospio eridani n. sp. a holotype (MNHF I.AL.19.0002-1), complete, dorsal view. b specimen lacking palps, with finger-like brooding structures (as the holotype), lateral view. c anterior region with prostomium and peristomium, frontodorsal view. d prostomium with prostomial papillae on the fronto-lateral surface (paratype MNHF I.AL.19.0002-33), and 2 pairs of eyes, dorsal view. Abbreviations: br, branchia; bs, brooding structures; dp, dorsal papilla like a small occipital antenna; pp, prostomial peaks (or sensory knobs). Scale bars: a = 1mm; b–c = 100 μm; d = 10 μm.
FIGURE 4. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 4. Streblospio eridani n. sp., ciliated branchiae. a anterior region with ciliated branchiae on chaetiger 1, dorso-lateral view. b detail of abfrontal surface, lateral view. c detail of ciliated branchiae, distal end, with distal digitiform appendage, dorsal view. d detail of ciliated branchiae and distal digitiform appendage, lateral view. Abbreviations: br, branchiae; cl, collar; ap, digitiform appendage; fs, frontal surface; as, abfrontal surface. Scale bars: a = 100 μm; b = 20 μm; c = 10 μm; d = 20 μm.
FIGURE 5. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 5. Streblospio eridani n. sp. a unilimbate anterior notocaetae; b unilimbate anterior neurochaetae. Scale bars: a-b= 10 μm.
FIGURE 8. Streblospio eridani n in A new species of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
FIGURE 8. Streblospio eridani n. sp. Phylogenetic reconstruction inferred from COI sequences calculated using the HKY+G evolutionary model. The numbers near the nodes indicate bootstrap values (> 50) (NJ/MP/ML). In bold is shown the sequences obtained in this study. The clade including S. eridani n. sp. sequences is marked in grey. Abbreviations: AL, Alabama USA; CA, California; FL, Florida USA; NC, North Carolina USA; SC, South Carolina USA; TX, Texas USA; VA, Virginia USA.
FIGURE 5. Iphinoe daphne n in The cumacean genus Iphinoe (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Italian waters and I. daphne n. sp. from the northwestern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean
FIGURE 5. Iphinoe daphne n. sp. Paratype adult female, MZB1009. A, carapace lateral view; B, third maxilliped; C, first pereopod; D, second pereopod; E, uropods. Scale bars: a: 1 mm; b,c,e: 500 µm; d: 200 µm.
FIGURE 4 in The cumacean genus Iphinoe (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Italian waters and I. daphne n. sp. from the northwestern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean
FIGURE 4. Sternal process of Iphinoe daphne n. sp. Holotype adult male MZB1008. Scale bars: A: 500 µm; 100 µm.
FIGURE 3. Iphinoe daphne n in The cumacean genus Iphinoe (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Italian waters and I. daphne n. sp. from the northwestern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean
FIGURE 3. Iphinoe daphne n. sp. Holotype adult male MZB1008. A, maxilla 2; B, maxilliped 2; C, maxilliped 3; D, antenna 2; E, third pereopod; F, pereopod; G, pereopod; H, mandible; I, first maxilla; L, labium. Scale bars: a,h,i: 100 µm; b,c,d: 200 µm; e,f,g: 300 µm; l: 70 µm.
FIGURE 2. Marphysa baileybrockae n in Reinstatement of species belonging Marphysa sanguinea complex (Annelida Eunicidae) and description of new species from the mid-Pacific Ocean and the Adriatic Sea
FIGURE 2. Marphysa baileybrockae n. sp. A. Anterior end, dorsal view; B. Anterior end, ventral view; C. Anterior end, lateral view; D. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; E. Left MI-II-III-IV-V, lateral view; F. Mandible; G. Parapodium 3; H. Parapodium 8; I. Parapodium 16; J. Parapodium 250; K. Parapodium 308; L. Thin, isodont narrow, symmetric, with short and slender teeth, chaetiger 8; M. Thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with long and thick teeth, chaetiger 295; N. Thick, isodont wide, symmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 358; O. Compound spinigers, chaetiger 8; P. Subacicular hook unidentate, chaetiger 122; Q. Subacicular hook bidentate, chaetiger 152. A–O from holotype USNM 5444, P–Q from paratype AMNH 367. All chaetigers in anterior view; al-MIII: attachment lamella MIII; al-MIV: attachment lamella MIV. Scale bars: A–C, 2.9 mm; D–E, 1 mm; F, 0.8 mm; G–K, 0.1 mm; L–Q, 30 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Reinstatement of species belonging Marphysa sanguinea complex (Annelida Eunicidae) and description of new species from the mid-Pacific Ocean and the Adriatic Sea
FIGURE 6. Marphysa leidii de Quatrefages, 1866. Neotype USNM 71609. A. Anterior end, dorsal view; B. Anterior end, ventral view; C. Anterior end, lateral view; D. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; E. Left MI-II-III-IV-V, lateral view; F. Mandible; G. Parapodium 3; H. Parapodium 8; I. Parapodium 13; J. Parapodium 99; K. Parapodium 161; L. Thin, isodont narrow, symmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 8; M. Thick, isodont wide, symmetric, with short and slender teeth, chaetiger 37; N. Thick, pectinate chaetae, chaetiger 162; O. Thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with long and slender, chaetiger 134; P. Compound spinigers, chaetiger 8; Q. Subacicular hook, chaetiger 37. All chaetigers in anterior view; al-MIII: attachment lamella MIII; LMI-II: ligament between MI and MII; 1: Isodont wide with long and slender teeth; 2: Anodont wide with short and slender teeth; 3: Anodont wide with long and slender teeth. Scale bars: A–C, 1.6 mm; D, 0.7 mm; E, 0.4 mm; F, 1.3 mm; G–K, 0.2 mm; L–N, O, Q, 30 µm; P, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4. Marphysa brevibranchiata Treadwell, 1921 n. status. A in Reinstatement of species belonging Marphysa sanguinea complex (Annelida Eunicidae) and description of new species from the mid-Pacific Ocean and the Adriatic Sea
FIGURE 4. Marphysa brevibranchiata Treadwell, 1921 n. status. A. Anterior end, dorsal view; B. Anterior end, ventral view; C. Posterior view, dorsal view; D. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; E. Left MI-II-III-IV-V, lateral view; F. Mandible; G. Parapodium 3; H. Parapodium 8; I. Parapodium 25; J. Parapodium 125; K. Parapodium 266; L. Thick, isodont wide, asymmetric, with short and slender teeth, chaetiger 258; M. Thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 266; N. Thin, isodont narrow, asymmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 15; O. Thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with short and thick teeth, chaetiger 266; P. Compound spinigers, chaetiger 8; Q. Subacicular hook, chaetiger 258. A–C, GA–C, G–Q from lectotype AMNH 1358, D–F from paralectotype AMNH_IZC 00361334. All chaetigers in anterior view; LMI-II: Ligament between MI and MII; LMII-III: Ligament between MII and MIII. Scale bars: A–B, 2.9 mm; C, 2.4 mm; D–E, 0.9 mm; F, 1.3 mm; G–K, 0.2 mm; L–N, O, Q, 30 µm; P, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Reinstatement of species belonging Marphysa sanguinea complex (Annelida Eunicidae) and description of new species from the mid-Pacific Ocean and the Adriatic Sea
FIGURE 9. Distribution of branchial filaments throughout the body in A. Marphysa americana Monro, 1933 n. status.; B. Marphysa baileybrockae n. sp.; C. Marphysa birgeri n. sp.; D. Marphysa brevibranchiata Treadwell, 1921 n. status.; E. Marphysa californica (Moore, 1909); F. Marphysa leidii de Quatrefages, 1866; G. Marphysa parishii Baird, 1869; H. Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813).
Data from: Major histocompatibility complex class II variation in bottlenose dolphin from Adriatic Sea: inferences about the extent of balancing selection
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the most common cetacean species worldwide and the only marine mammal species resident in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. To gain insight into genetic diversity of bottlenose dolphins at adaptively important loci relevant to conservation, we analysed the polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which play a key role in pathogen confrontation and clearance. Specifically, we examined the diversity of MHC class II DRA, DQA and DQB alleles in 50 bottlenose dolphins from the Adriatic Sea collected between 1997 and 2011 and in 12 animals from other Mediterranean locations. Notable variation in DQA, DQB and three-locus haplotypes was found, with all 10 DQA and 12 DQB alleles encoding unique protein products. Analysis of the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates suggests that positive selection acts at both highly variable loci. Phylogenetic analyses revealed trans-species polymorphism at the DQB locus, strongly indicating the influence of balancing selection in the long term. In fact, the balancing selection observed in bottlenose dolphins is higher than that reported for most other cetaceans and comparable to that seen in terrestrial mammals.
Data from: Tracing the effects of eutrophication on molluscan communities in sediment cores: outbreaks of an opportunistic species coincide with reduced bioturbation and high frequency of hypoxia in the Adriatic Sea
Estimating the effects and timing of anthropogenic impacts on the composition of macrobenthic communities is challenging because early 20th century surveys are sparse and the corresponding intervals in sedimentary sequences are mixed by bioturbation. Here, to assess the effects of eutrophication on macrobenthic communities in the northern Adriatic Sea, we account for mixing with dating of the bivalve Corbula gibba at two stations with high sediment accumulation (Po prodelta) and one station with moderate accumulation (Isonzo prodelta). We find that, first, pervasively bioturbated muds typical of highstand conditions deposited in the early 20th century were replaced by muds with relicts of flood layers and high content of total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the late 20th century at the Po prodelta. The 20th century shelly muds at the Isonzo prodelta are amalgamated but also show an upward increase in TOC. Second, dating of C. gibba shells shows that the shift from the early to the late 20th century is characterized by a decrease in stratigraphic disorder and by an increase in temporal resolution of death assemblages from ~25-50 years to ~10-20 years in both regions. This shift reflects a decline in the depth of the fully-mixed layer from more than 20 cm to few centimeters. Third, the increase in abundance of the opportunistic species C. gibba and the loss of formerly abundant, hypoxia-sensitive species coincided with the decline in bioturbation, higher preservation of organic matter, and higher frequency of seasonal hypoxia in both regions. This depositional and ecosystem regime shift occurred in ~1950 AD. Therefore, the effects of enhanced food supply on macrobenthic communities were overwhelmed by oxygen depletion even when hypoxic conditions are limited to few weeks per year in the northern Adriatic Sea. Preservation of trends in molluscan abundance and flood events in sedimentary sequences was enhanced by eutrophication that reduced bioturbational mixing.
Data from: Postglacial range expansion shaped the spatial genetic structure in a marine habitat-forming species: implications for conservation plans in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Aim: Understanding how historical and contemporary processes shaped and maintain spatial patterns of genetic diversity is a major goal for conservation biologists. Here, we characterized the pattern of neutral genetic diversity and we inferred underlying processes in the habitat-forming octocoral Paramuricea clavata in the Adriatic Sea, a peculiar phylogeographic region of the Mediterranean Sea. Location: Eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Methods: We genotyped seven microsatellites in 454 individuals of P. clavata from 13 populations recolonized after the last glacial maximum (LGM). We estimated the levels of contemporary connectivity and genetic drift and we reconstructed the demographic history of these populations. Results: The pattern of spatial genetic structure resulted from the combination of hierarchical genetic clusters and isolation by distance (IBD). A significant decrease in genetic diversity and an increase of the frequencies of individual alleles likely due to allele surfing from the south to the north of the area were observed as expected after a postglacial sequential recolonization. Based on maximum likelihood analyses, the foundation of these populations was not linked to dramatic change in population size. Main conclusion: Oceanographic barriers to gene flow combined to the restricted dispersal of P. clavata likely maintain the hierarchical structure and the IBD pattern. We suggest that the latitudinal genetic gradient results from a northward 'serial founder events' recolonization. By integrating patterns and processes, we bridge the gap between the evolutionary and the conservation biology of P. clavata, providing management guidelines, which will benefit the associated coralligenous biodiversity.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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