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FIGURES 30–34 in A new species of Hippodonta Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculales) from the Western Ghats, India

FIGURES 30–34. Hippodonta mudumalaiensis sp. nov., SEM from the type material (AHMA #1405), external views. 30, 31. Views of the entire valve. 32. Central area. 33, 34. Valve apices. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 30–34).

FIGURES 2–29 in A new species of Hippodonta Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculales) from the Western Ghats, India

FIGURES 2–29. Hippodonta mudumalaiensis sp. nov., LM (DIC) from the type material (AHMA #1752). 2–29. Showing the valve variability of the population. Fig. 22 represents the holotype. Scale bar = 10μm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Hippodonta Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculales) from the Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Hippodonta taxa reported from the Indian Subcontinent. The type location of Hippodonta mudumalaiensis sp. nov., marked by a star.

FIGURES 35–39 in A new species of Hippodonta Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin & Witkowski (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculales) from the Western Ghats, India

FIGURES 35–39. Hippodonta mudumalaiensis sp. nov., SEM from the type material (AHMA #1405), internal views. 35, 36. Views of the entire valve. 37, 38. Inner central area. 39. view of valve apex end with helictoglossa. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 35–39).

FIGURES 20–24 in Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Hengduan Mountains, China

FIGURES 20–24. SEM micrographs, internal views of Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. from type material. 20. Complete internal valve. 21. Dumbbell-shaped hyaline central area. 22. Proximal raphe ends and areolae with rectangular hymens. 23. Valve apices. 24. Terminal raphe ends; the longitudinal ribs and the helictoglossae fuse to form a small porte-crayon.

FIGURES 1–14 in Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Hengduan Mountains, China

FIGURES 1–14. Light micrographs of Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 15–19 in Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Hengduan Mountains, China

FIGURES 15–19. SEM micrographs, external views of Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. from type material. 15. Complete external valve. 16. Dumbbell-shaped hyaline central area. 17. Proximal raphe end. 18. Valve apices, with the terminal raphe ends and the valve ends circumradiated by two rows of areolae. 19. Valve ends circumradiated by one or two rows of areolae.

FIGURES 23–28 in Cymbella biseriata sp. nov.-a unique living species of Cymbella Agardh (Bacillariophyceae) with biseriate striae

FIGURES 23–28: Cymbella biseriata sp. nov. SEM from type material (MKNDC 012839). 23, 24. External views of whole valve. 25. External view of dorsal side of frustule. Transition between valve face and mantle is gradual and striae are biseriate and not interrupted on valve mantle. 26. Detail views of the mid-valve showing biseriate striae and external round openings of stigmata. 27, 28. Detail view of valve apices showing distal raphe ends and absence of APF. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 23–25), 5 μm (Figs 26, 28) and 2 μm (Fig. 27).

FIGURES 2–22 in Cymbella biseriata sp. nov.-a unique living species of Cymbella Agardh (Bacillariophyceae) with biseriate striae

FIGURES 2–22: Cymbella biseriata sp. nov. from type slide (MKNDC 012839A) LM, size diminution series. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Cymbella biseriata sp. nov.-a unique living species of Cymbella Agardh (Bacillariophyceae) with biseriate striae

FIGURE 1: Map of North Macedonia with location of mountain Kozuf and the type locality, and image of the latter.

FIGURES 29–34 in Cymbella biseriata sp. nov.-a unique living species of Cymbella Agardh (Bacillariophyceae) with biseriate striae

FIGURES 29–34: Cymbella biseriata sp. nov. SEM from type material (MKNDC 012839). 29, 30. Internal views of the whole valves. 31, 32, 34. Detail view of the mid-valve. 33. Internal view of valve apices showing raphe distally terminates with large knob-like helictoglossae. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 29, 30), 5 μm (Figs 31, 32) and 2 μm (Figs 33, 34).

Fig 20 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve, terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype). D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020

Fig 5 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005

Fig 19 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 19. Molecular phylogenetic tree. Based on analyses of the D1-D3 region of the LSU rDNA sequences. Numbers indicated on the branches are posterior probability of Bayesian analyses (MrB) and boot strap support of neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g019

Fig 1 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands, and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001

Fig 4 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004

Fig 13 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures. B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013

Fig 12 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012

Fig 8 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars, 20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008

Fig 18 in Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters

Fig 18. Comparison of setae poroid densities. Small letters on the x-axis indicate statistically significant differences among taxa. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g018