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712 results for “Beetle diversity”
Figure 2 in The beetles of the island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera); diversity and distributions
Figure 2. Outline map of St. Vincent showing the main mountain ridges and valley drainages. Adapted from Harrison and Rankin (1976).
Figure 1 in The beetles of the island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera); diversity and distributions
Figure 1. The islands of the central and eastern West Indies and adjacent continental land masses, showing in the east the main island arc of the Lesser Antilles and the location of St. Vincent.
Figure 1 in The beetles of St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): diversity and distributions
Figure 1. Principal islands of the eastern West Indies, showing the relative position of St. Lucia in the Lesser Antilles chain to other islands and continental lands (Florida, Nicaragua, and Colombia-Venezuela and continental shelf islands of northern South America).
Figure 2 in The beetles of Barbados, West Indies (Insecta: Coleoptera): diversity, distribution and faunal structure
Figure 2. General outline map of Barbados with locations of major plant communities harboring native beetle faunas (adapted from Carrington 1993).
Figure 1 in The beetles of Barbados, West Indies (Insecta: Coleoptera): diversity, distribution and faunal structure
Figure 1. The islands of the central and eastern West Indies and adjacent continental land masses, showing Barbados to the east of the main island arc of the Lesser Antilles.
Figure l in Beetle species diversity in the Lesser Antilles islands: How many species are really there?
Figure l. The West Indian Biodiversity Hotspot. The islands of the central and eastern West Indies and adjacent continental land masses, with the island arc of the Lesser Antilles in the east. The smaller islands of the Lesser Antilles are not indicated by name.
Figure 2. A in Beetle species diversity in the Lesser Antilles islands: How many species are really there?
Figure 2. A theoretical relationship between increasing island area and the increase in beetle species which should be on individual islands in the Lesser Antilles. Data points are for present day island areas and published species records. The regression line slope with a z value of 0.301 indicates a natural saturation number of species which could be expected to occur on an island of a designated area. The line is anchored on the island of Montserrat, which, through the work of Ivie et al. (2008), is the only well-known island in the Lesser Antilles. The difference between the regression line and a datum point suggests how many additional species might be expected with a complete knowledge of each island's fauna.
Novelty and emergent patterns in sperm: morphological diversity and evolution of spermatozoa and sperm conjugation in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
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The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
<p>Datasets S1-S4. (each is contained in a separate .zip file)</p> <p><strong>Dataset S1.</strong></p> <p>Gene trees for plant cell wall degrading enzyme phylogenetic analyses in the directory ‘Pfam Candidate Genes trees and phy’</p> <p>1. Phylip formatted files for each gene used in ML analyses.</p> <p>2. ML tree files for each gene studied showing TBE bootstrap support (100 replicates) (corresponding to Figs. S15-S26).</p> <p>3. ML tree files for each gene studied showing ML bootstrap support (100 replicates) from IQtree (corresponding to Figs. S15-S26).</p> <p><strong>Dataset S2.</strong></p> <p>Directory (Blast_10best_hits_Pfam_Candidate_Genes) including: Blast results (10 best hits) for all sequences extracted from the transcriptome and genome assemblies for the plant cell wall degrading enzyme analysis in the directory ‘Pfam_Candidate_Genes_Fas’ (before filtering).</p> <p><strong>Dataset S3.</strong></p> <p>Directory (Pfam_Candidate_Genes_Fas) including: Candidate genes/transcripts encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes extracted from the transcriptome and genome assemblies (before filtering).</p> <p><strong>Dataset S4.</strong></p> <p>Directory (Supermatrices_partitions) including:</p> <ul> <li>Supermatrix for Fig. 1 (amino acid and nucleotide level, PHYLIP formats) and Supermatrix for Fig. S10 (amino acid level, PHYLIP format).</li> <li>Partition schemes for supermatrix for Fig. 1 (Fig_1_Partition_finder_best_scheme).</li> <li>Partition schemes for supermatrix for Fig. 1 prior to Partitionfinder (AA_partitions).</li> <li>Partition schemes for supermatrix for NT prior to Partitionfinder (NT_partitions).</li> <li>Partition schemes for supermatrix for Fig. S10 (Fig_S10_Partition_finder_best_scheme)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Data Use Statement.</strong> Data on genetic material contained in this paper are published for non-commercial use only. Utilization by third parties for purposes other than non-commercial scientific research may infringe the conditions under which the genetic resources were originally accessed, and should not be undertaken without obtaining consent from the corresponding author of the paper and/or obtaining permission from the original provider of the genetic material.</p>
Figure 2 in Deadwood and saproxylic beetle diversity in naturally disturbed and managed spruce forests in Nova Scotia
Figure 2. Species-sample curves for each forest disturbance class.
Data from: Geosmithia associated with bark beetles and woodborers in the western USA: taxonomic diversity and vector specificity
Fungi in the genus Geosmithia (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are frequent associates of bark beetles and woodborers that colonize hardwood and coniferous trees. One species, Geosmithia morbida, is an economically damaging invasive species. The authors surveyed the Geosmithia species of California and Colorado, USA, to (i) provide baseline data on taxonomy of Geosmithia and beetle vector specificity across the western USA; (ii) investigate the subcortical beetle fauna for alternative vectors of the invasive G. morbida; and (iii) interpret the community composition of this region within the emerging global biogeography of Geosmithia. Geosmithia was detected in 87% of 126 beetle samples obtained from 39 plant species. Twenty-nine species of Geosmithia were distinguished, of which 13 may be new species. Bark beetles from hardwoods, Cupressus, and Sequoia appear to be regular vectors, with Geosmithia present in all beetle gallery systems examined. Other subcortical insects appear to vector Geosmithia at lower frequencies. Overall, most Geosmithia have a distinct level of vector specificity (mostly high, sometimes low) enabling their separation to generalists and specialists. Plant pathogenic Geosmithia morbida was not found in association with any other beetle besides Pityophthorus juglandis. However, four additional Geosmithia species were found in P. juglandis galleries. When integrated with recent data from other continents, a global pattern of Geosmithia distribution across continents, latitudes, and vectors is emerging: of the 29 Geosmithia species found in the western USA, 12 have not been reported outside of the USA. The most frequently encountered species with the widest global distribution also had the broadest range of beetle vectors. Several Geosmithia spp. with very narrow vector ranges in Europe exhibited the similar degree of specialization in the USA. Such strong canalization in association could reflect an ancient origin of each individual association, or a recent origin and a subsequent diversification in North America.
Fig. 1 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in agricultural and post-agricultural areas in relation to the surrounding habitats
Fig. 1. Scheme of the research object "Krzywda" (a) and location of the study sites (1-8) (b).
Influence of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows in managed forests in a regional comparison
<p>Tree hollows are among the rarest habitats in today's Central European managed forests but are considered key structures for high biodiversity in forests. To analyze and compare the effects of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on diversity of saproxylic beetles in tree hollows in differently structured managed forests, we examined between 41 and 50 tree hollows in beech trees in each of three state forest management districts in Germany.</p> <p>During the two-year study, we collected 283 saproxylic beetle species (5880 individuals; 22% threatened species), using emergence traps. At small spatial scales, size of hollow entrance and number of surrounding microhabitat structures positively influenced beetle diversity, while stage of wood mould decomposition had a negative influence, across all three forest districts. We utilized forest inventory data to analyze the effects of forest structure in radii of 50 to 500 m around tree hollows on saproxylic beetle diversity in the hollows. At these larger spatial scales, the three forest management districts differed remarkably regarding the parameters that influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows. In Ebrach, characterized by mostly deciduous trees, the amount of dead wood positively influenced beetle diversity. In the mostly coniferous Fichtelberg forest district, with highly isolated tree hollows, in contrast, only the proportion of beech trees around the focal tree hollows showed a positive influence on beetle diversity. In Kelheim, characterized by mixed forest stands, there were no significant relationships between forest structure and beetle diversity in tree hollows.</p> <p>In this study, the same local tree hollow parameters influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in all three study regions, while parameters of forest structure at larger spatial scales differed in their importance, depending on tree-species composition.</p>
Fig. 1 in The Diversity And Species Composition Of Water Beetles (Gyrinidae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae) In A Peat Bog In Belarus
Fig. 1. Study area and the sampling places: L — Lakes, H — Hollows, S — Streams.
Beetle diversity in dead wood is lower in non-native than native tree species, especially those more distantly related to native species
<p>1. Non-native tree species are widely used in forest plantations. This may have negative consequences for biodiversity. Hitherto, most studies have compared species diversity between native and non-native forest stands, which makes it difficult to separate the impact of tree species per se from stand characteristics. Our study, conducted in the south of Sweden, compares saproxylic beetle diversity across different nutritional groups, in dead wood of two native and four non-native tree species in a block design after one and three seasons. Such an approach allows analysis of the impact of non-native tree species per se.</p> <p>2. Mean species richness (±SD) per log was lower in non-native than in native tree species (non-native trees: lodgepole pine: 10.7 (± 5.3); Sitka spruce: 8.5 (± 4.3), Douglas fir: 7.1 (± 4.3), Japanese larch 9.4 (± 4.6); native trees: Norway spruce: 12.0 (± 6.0), Scots pine: 12.3 (± 5.2)). Sample-based rarefaction revealed that when only native tree species were pooled, the species richness was higher than for all tree species combined. The difference in species composition among tree species was strongly driven by bark and wood consumers in the first season, while for predators and fungivores, the differences were smaller. Species composition differed more after one season.</p> <p>3. Dissimilarity in beetle species composition was positively correlated with phylogenetic distances of the tree species. Species richness was lower in non-native tree species that are only remotely related to native trees species. Of the studied non-native tree species, lodgepole pine was more closely related to native tree species and consistently harboured higher species richness.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Although non-native tree species also harbour saproxylic beetle communities, the use of non-native tree species, especially those only remotely related to native tree species, reduces local diversity of saproxylic beetles. Thus, for biodiversity conservation, an extensive use of non-native tree species is not recommended as this increases the risk of losing forest biodiversity, especially when they are only distantly related to native tree species.</p>
Data for: Whole-of-community invertebrate rewilding: Leaf litter transplants rapidly increase beetle diversity during restoration
<p><span>Restoration of degraded areas is now a central tool in humanity's response to continued species loss. However, restoration projects often report exceedingly slow or failed recolonization of fauna, especially dispersal-constrained groups such as invertebrates. Active interventions via reintroducing or "rewilding" invertebrates may assist recolonization and speed up the restoration of communities towards a desired target. However, invertebrate rewilding is rarely implemented during ecological restoration. Here, we studied the efficacy of invertebrate rewilding as a means of improving diversity and compositional similarities to remnant communities during restoration. Rewilding was conducted by transplanting leaf litter and soil, including associated communities of invertebrates from species-rich remnant sites into species-poor and geographically isolated revegetated farmland sites. We sampled pre- and post-rewilding invertebrate communities in remnant, rewilded revegetation, and control revegetation sites. Our data contains mesoinvertebrate (<5mm in size) community samples from 6 sites within each of our 3 treatments. We took 8 subsamples measuring 25 cm by 25 cm containing the entire mesoinvertebrate leaf litter community from each site across 4 different seasons. The first season was a pre-treatment baseline measurement and was taken in November 2018. Thereafter, we sampled 7-, 18-, and 27- months post-rewilding. Our data contains a range of traits for each morphospecies (Size in mm, trophic group, and whether they were winged or flightless) and two environmental variables measured at each site (Volumetric water content and elevation). We included these for our Hierarchical Modelling of Species Community (HMSC) approach to determine whether biological properties of species or environmental variables were driving species distributions. Beetle (Coleoptera) morphospecies richness increased rapidly in rewilded sites and was indistinguishable from remnant communities as early as 7 months post-rewilding. Beetle community similarity in the rewilding sites significantly deviated from the control sites 27 months post-rewilding, however, remnant communities remained distinct over the study timeframe. Establishment success varied as other taxa did not respond as consistently as beetles within the study timeframe. Our results demonstrate that the relatively simple act of transplanting leaf litter can result in comparatively large increases in morphospecies richness during restoration in a short timeframe.</span></p>
FIG. 74. Punctate elytral morphotype 78, VMNH 95456 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina
FIG. 74. Punctate elytral morphotype 78, VMNH 95456. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 70. Nodular elytral morphotype 71, VMNH 97492 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina
FIG. 70. Nodular elytral morphotype 71, VMNH 97492. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 80 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina
FIG. 80. Possible beetle larvae, "Mormolucoides." A. VMNH 95392. B. VMNH 96758. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 63. Morphotype 58, VMNH 92743 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina
FIG. 63. Morphotype 58, VMNH 92743. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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