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312 results for “Boreas”
BOREAS TE-19 Ecosystem Carbon Balance Model
The BOREAS TE-19 team developed a model called the Spruce and Moss Model (SPAM) designed to simulate the daily carbon balance of a black spruce/moss boreal forest ecosystem. It is driven by daily weather conditions, and consists of four components: (1) soil climate; (2) tree photosynthesis and respiration; (3) moss photosynthesis and respiration; and (4) litter decomposition and associated heterotrophic respiration. The model simulates tree gross and net photosynthesis, wood respiration, live root respiration, moss gross and net photosynthesis, and heterotrophic respiration (decomposition of root litter, young needle and moss litter, and humus). These values can be combined to generate predictions of total site net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE), total soil dark respiration (live roots + heterotrophs + live moss), spruce and moss net productivity, and net carbon accumulation in the soil. The files include source code and sample input and output files in ASCII format.
ISLSCP II Carbon Dioxide Flux at Harvard Forest and Northern BOREAS Sites
This International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II) data set, ISLSCP II Carbon Dioxide Flux at Harvard Forest and Northern BOREAS Sites, contains gapp-filled flux and meterological data for half-hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and annual time intervals presented for each site and year. The 1992-1995 Harvard Forest, MA site, and the 1994-95 Old Black Spruce, Alberta, Canada site are members of the FLUXNET global network of micrometeorological towers that use eddy covariance methods to measure the excahanges of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, and energy between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere. There are 6 *.zip files with this data set.
BOREAS Follow-On HMet-01 Level-2 GOES-8 1996 Shortwave and Longwave Radiation
The BOREAS RSS-14 team collected and processed several Level-1 GOES-7 and GOES-8 image data sets for 1994-1996, and GOES-7 Level-2 for 1994 over the BOREAS study region. This data set contains shortwave and longwave radiation images at the surface and top of the atmosphere derived from collected GOES-8 data. These GOES-8 Level-2 data cover the period from 12-Feb-1996 to 22-Oct-1996. There are images missing from the temporal series. The main difference between this data set and 1994 data set is in the spatial coverage and the grid cell size.
BOREAS TE-02 Wood Respiration Data
The BOREAS TE-02 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on the respiration of the foliage, roots, and wood of boreal vegetation. This data set contains measurements of wood respiration conducted in the NSA during the growing season of 1994.
BOREAS Landsat MSS Imagery: Digital Counts
The Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) Program launched the first of a series of satellites (ERTS-1) in 1972. Part of the NASA Earth Resources Survey Program, the ERTS Program and the ERTS satellites were later renamed Landsat to better represent the civil satellite program's prime emphasis on remote sensing of land resources. Landsat satellites 1 through 5 carry the MSS sensor. CCRS and BOREAS personnel gathered a set of MSS images from Landsat satellites 1, 2, 4 and 5 covering the dates of 21-Aug-1972 to 05-Sep-1988. The data are provided in binary image format files. Companion files include (1) an image inventory listing to inform users of the images that are available and (2) example thumbnail images that may be viewed and the image data files downloaded using a convenient viewer utility.
BOREAS TF-03 Automated Chamber CO2 Flux Data from the NSA-OBS
The BOREAS TF-03 and TGB-01 teams collected automated CO2 chamber flux data in their efforts to fully describe the CO2flux at the NSA-OBS site. This data set contains fluxes of CO2 at the NSA-OBS site measured using automated chambers. In addition to reporting the CO2flux, it reports chamber air temperature, moss temperature, and light levels during each measurement. The data set covers the period from 23-Sep-1995 through 26-Oct-1995 and from 28-May-1996 through 21-Oct-1996.
BOREAS HYD-01 Soil Hydraulic Properties
The BOREAS HYD-01 team made several measurements related to soil moisture and soil properties. These soil hydraulic properties were determined at the flux tower sites based on analysis of in situ tension infiltrometer tests and laboratory determined water retention from soil cores collected during the 1994-95 field campaigns. Results from this analysis are saturated hydraulic conductivity, and fitting parameters for the van Genuchten-Mualem soil hydraulic conductivity and water retention function at flux tower sites.
BOREAS TGB-12 Radon-222 Flux Data: NSA
The BOREAS TGB-12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites to estimate the rates of carbon accumulation and turnover in each of the major vegetation types. Sampling strategies for soils were designed to take advantage of local fire chronosequences, so that the accumulation of carbon in new moss growth could be determined. All the data are used to 1) calculate the inventory of carbon and nitrogen in moss and mineral soil layers at NSA sites, 2) determine the rates of input and turnover (using both accumulation since the last stand-killing fire and radiocarbon data), and 3) link changes in soil respiration rate to shifts in the 14C content of soil CO2 to determine the average 'age' respired CO2. These 222Rn flux data were collected from 15-NOV-1993 to 16-AUG-1994 over the NSA sites.
BOREAS TE-02 Continuous Wood Respiration Data
The BOREAS TE-02 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on the respiration of the foliage, roots, and wood of boreal vegetation. This data set contains measurements of wood respiration measured continuously (about once per hour) in the NSA during the growing season of 1994.
BOREAS RSS-17 Dielectric Constant Profile Measurements
The BOREAS RSS-17 team acquired and analyzed imaging radar data from the ESA's ERS-1 over a complete annual cycle at the BOREAS sites in Canada in 1994 to detect shifts in radar backscatter related to varying environmental conditions. This data set consists of dielectric constant profile measurements from selected trees at various BOREAS flux tower sites. The relative dielectric constant was measured at C-band (frequency = 5 GHz) as a function of depth into the trunk of three trees at each site. Measurements were made during April 1994 with an Applied Microwave Corporation field PDP fitted with a 0.358-cm (0.141-inch) diameter coaxial probe tip.
BOREAS Landsat TM Level-3s Imagery: Scaled At-Sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format
For BOREAS, the level-3s Landsat TM data, along with the other remotely sensed images, were collected in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI. CCRS collected and supplied the level-3s images to BOREAS for use in the remote sensing research activities. Geographically, the bulk of the level-3s images cover the BOREAS NSA and SSA with a few images covering the area between the NSA and SSA. Temporally, the images cover the period of 22-Jun-1984 to 30-Jul-1996. Companion files include (1) an image inventory listing to inform users of the images that are available and (2) example thumbnail images that may be viewed using a convenient viewer utility.
BOREAS TE-20 Site Characteristics Data
The BOREAS TE-20 team collected several data sets for use in developing and testing models of forest ecosystem dynamics. This data set contains measurements of site characteristics conducted in the SSA from 18-Jul-1994 to 30-Jul-1994.
BOREAS TF-02 SSA-OA Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Precipitation Data
The BOREAS TF-02 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and momentum flux data above the canopy and in profiles through the canopy, along with meteorological data at the BOREAS SSA-OA site. Above-canopy measurements began in early February and ran through mid-September of 1994. Measurements were collected over a longer period of 1994 than most BOREAS flux sites. Daily precipitation data from several gauges were also collected.
BOREAS RSS-08 BIOME-BGC Model Simulations at Tower Flux Sites in 1994
BIOME-BGC is a general ecosystem process model designed to simulate biogeochemical and hydrologic processes across multiple scales (Running and Hunt, 1993). In this investigation, BIOME-BGC was used to estimate daily water and carbon budgets for the BOREAS tower flux sites for 1994. Carbon variables estimated by the model include gross primary production (i.e., net photosynthesis), maintenance and heterotrophic respiration, net primary production, and net ecosystem carbon exchange. Hydrologic variables estimated by the model include snowcover, evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and outflow. The information provided by the investigation includes input initialization and model output files for various sites in tabular ASCII format.
BOREAS Follow-On DSP-10 Reclassified Regridded TM Mosaic Land Cover Maps, 1994
These images were produced by aggregating a reclassified version of the 30-m land cover Thematic Mapper classification by CCRS and are now available at multiple resolutions (10x5 minutes, and 30 minutes). These data were regridded for use by the BOREAS Follow-on Carbon and Hydro-Meteorological modeling groups. Characteristics of the individual products are described in the data set guide document.
BOREAS TGB-10 Oxidant Flux Data over the SSA
The BOREAS TGB-10 team collected several trace gas data sets in their efforts to determine the role of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions with respect to boreal forest carbon cycles. This oxidant data set contains measured peroxide (H2O2 and total organic peroxides (ROOH)) and ozone concentrations as well as, H2O2 and ROOH deposition velocities. These data were obtained at the SSA Old Jack Pine site during the summer of 1994.
BOREAS TE-23 Map Plot Data
The BOREAS TE-23 team collected map plot data in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on canopy architecture and understory cover at the BOREAS tower flux sites and selected auxiliary sites from May to August 1994. Mapped plots (typical dimensions 50 m x 60 m) were set up and characterized at all BOREAS forested tower flux and selected auxiliary sites. Detailed measurement of the mapped plots included 1) stand characteristics (location, density, basal area); 2) map locations DBH of all trees; 3) detailed geometric measures of a subset of trees (height, crown dimensions); and 4) understory cover maps. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.
BOREAS TE-06 Multiband Vegetation Imager Data
A newly developed ground-based canopy imaging system called an MVI was tested and used by the BOREAS TE-06 team to collect measurements of the canopy gap fraction (sky fraction), canopy gap-size distribution (size and frequency of gaps between foliage in canopy), branch architecture, and leaf angle distribution (fraction of leaf area in specific leaf inclination classes assuming azimuthal symmetry). Measurements of the canopy gap-size distribution are used to derive canopy clumping indices that can be used to adjust indirect LAI measurements made in nonrandom forests. These clumping factors will also help to describe the radiation penetration in clumped canopies more accurately by allowing for simple adjustments to Beer's law. Measurements of the above quantities were obtained at BOREAS NSA OJP site in IFC-2 in 1994, at the SSA OA in July 1995, and at the SSA OBS and SSA OA sites in IFC-2 in 1996. Modeling studies were also performed to further validate MVI measurements and to gain a more complete understanding of boreal forest canopy architecture. By using MVI measurements and Monte Carlo simulations, clumping indices as a function of zenith angle were derived for the three main boreal species studied during BOREAS.
BOREAS Landsat TM Level-3a Imagery: Scaled At-Sensor Radiance in BSQ Format
For BOREAS, the level-3a Landsat TM data, along with the other remotely sensed images, were collected in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI. Although very similar in content to the level-3s Landsat TM products, the level-3a images were created to provide users with a more usable BSQ format and to provide information that permitted direct determination of per-pixel latitude and longitude coordinates. Geographically, the level-3a images cover the BOREAS NSA and SSA. Temporally, the images cover the period of 22-Jun-1984 to 30-Jul-1996. The images are available in binary, image-format files. Companion files include (1) an image inventory listing to inform users of the images that are available and (2) example thumbnail images that may be viewed and the image data files downloaded using a convenient viewer utility.
BOREAS TF-04 CO2 and CH4 Soil Profile Data from the SSA
The BOREAS TF-04 team measured distributions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations for the upper 5 meters of soil and unsaturated zone at the mature stand, upper 6 m at the 20-year old stand, and the upper 1m at the 8-year old stand and clear cut area at the Southern Study Area of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) during August 1993 to March 1995. Particle size and carbon content of the unsaturated deposits, precipitation, soil temperature and moisture, carbon and oxygen isotopes of soil CO2 and soil water chemistry are also presented.
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