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188 results for “Castanea”
Signatures of local adaptation to climate in natural populations of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) from southern Europe
Context: Temperate forest species, such as chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), are currently threatened by increasing temperature together with disruption and reduction of precipitation due to climate change. In this context, understanding the adaptation processes of species will help to manage and ensure the conservation of forests. Aims: We studied the relationship between genetic variability and climate variables in natural populations of C. sativa using a landscape genomics approach aimed to identify local adaption processes. Methods: Using five genomic SSRs and eight functional EST-SSRs markers, 268 individuals belonging to ten different natural European chestnut populations distributed in contrasting climatic sites were genotyped. In addition, associations between allelic variation and climatic variables (environmental association analyses approach) were performed using Samada and LFMM. Results: Results highlighted a strong inter-relationship between climate variables and evolutionary processes resulting in adaptive variation. STRUCTURE analysis based on functional markers split the populations in three separate gene pools (K=3), mostly in agreement with the different climatic conditions existing in the studied areas. Divergent spatial patterns of genetic variation between rainy and arid areas were found. We detected a total of 202 associations with climate among 22 different alleles, 9% of which related with the outlier locus FIR059, known to be implicated in regulatory mechanisms during water stress adaptation processes. Conclusions: Landscape genomics analyses revealed a pattern of adaptive variation, where specific climatic variables influenced the frequencies distribution and fixation of several alleles, resulting in local adaptation processes of the populations in the investigated areas. Our findings underline the close inter-relationship existing between climate and genetic variability, and indicate how this approach could provide valuable information for the management of forest species in a rapidly changing environment.
Gene flow between wild trees and cultivated varieties shapes the genetic structure of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations
<p>The sweet chestnut orchards (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) are traditionally planted in the northern Adriatic region. This study investigates their population structure, as well as the genetic background of three toponymous clonal varieties. Six genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) and nine EST-derived SSR (EST-SSR) loci were utilized in this study. We have identified five closely related clones, which represent a singular, polyclonal marron variety, found in all three cultivation areas, acompanied by many hybrids, resulting from the breeding between cultivated and wild chestnuts. </p>
Fig. 4.7 Merizomena castanea gonocoxite 1,2 and laterotergite 9 in A taxonomic revision of the genus Merizomena Chaudoir, 1873 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini)
Fig. 4.7 Merizomena castanea gonocoxite 1,2 and laterotergite 9, Akaba.
Harvard Forest site, station Harvard Forest's Lyford Blocks within the Prospect Hill Tract, study of diameter at breast height of Castanea dentata in units of centimeter on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Harvard Forest (HFR) contains diameter at breast height of Castanea dentata measurements in centimeter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
FIGURE 43. Chaetozone castanea n in Bitentaculate Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) collected chiefly during cruises of the R/V Anton Bruun, USNS Eltanin, USCG Glacier, R/V Hero, RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, and R/V Polarstern from the Southern Ocean, Antarctica, and off Western South America
FIGURE 43. Chaetozone castanea n. sp. Paratype (USNM 1490740): A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, posterior end, dorsal view; C, posterior notoacicular spines; D, posterior neuroacicular spines.
FIGURES 13–17 in Redescription and generic placement of Neopamera mumfordi (Van Duzee, 1935) and Remaudiereana castanea (Van Duzee, 1935) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae)
FIGURES 13–17. Remaudiereana castanea, holotype male: (13) pygophore, dorsal view; (14) pygophore, lateral view; (15) right paramere, inner view; (16) right paramere, outer view; (17) ejaculatory reservoir.
FIGURES 1–3 in Redescription and generic placement of Neopamera mumfordi (Van Duzee, 1935) and Remaudiereana castanea (Van Duzee, 1935) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae)
FIGURES 1–3. Neocnemodus mumfordi, holotype female: (1) body, dorsal view; (2) body, anterior part; (3) body, lateral view. Ptochiomera mumfordi: Slater, 1964: 1168
FIGURES 9–11 in Redescription and generic placement of Neopamera mumfordi (Van Duzee, 1935) and Remaudiereana castanea (Van Duzee, 1935) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae)
FIGURES 9–11. Neocnemodus mumfordi, holotype female: (9, 10) ovipositor; (11) spermatheca. Abbreviations: Ga, gonangulum; 1Gpo, 2Gpo, first and second gonapophysis; 1Gx, 2Gx, first and second gonocoxa; ptVIII, eighth paratergite; 1r, 2r, first and second ramus.
FIGURES 4–8 in Redescription and generic placement of Neopamera mumfordi (Van Duzee, 1935) and Remaudiereana castanea (Van Duzee, 1935) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae)
FIGURES 4–8. Neocnemodus mumfordi, holotype female: (4) head, ventral view; (5) labium; (6) hemelytra; (7) abdominal terga; (8) abdominal venter. Abbreviations: sgs, scent gland scar; t 3–t 6, terga 3–6; s 3, s 4, sterna 3, 4.
FIGURES 76–83. Pucaya castanea. 76 in The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution
FIGURES 76–83. Pucaya castanea. 76) habitus in dorsal view, 77) head in dorsal view, male, 78) head in dorsal view, female, 79) head and pronotum in lateral view, 80) parameres in frontal view, 81) parameres, lateral view, 82) spiculum gastrale, 83) locality records in Colombia.
Fig. 32. Petiole, ventral view. A. Myopopone castanea. B. Belonopelta deletrix. C. Platythyrea punctata. D in A phylogenetic analyis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromoprh subfamilies
Fig. 32. Petiole, ventral view. A. Myopopone castanea. B. Belonopelta deletrix. C. Platythyrea punctata. D. Leptanilloides biconstricta, arrow pointing at tubular foramen of propodeum. Abbreviations: a, anterior disc of petiole; b, posterolateral condyle of petiolar sternum; Cx3, metacoxa; Lt, laterotergite; IIPs, poststernite of petiole; IIIPrs, presternite of third abdominal segment; IIIPrt, pretergite of third abdominal segment; IIIPs, poststernite of third abdominal segment.
Fig. 11. Antennal socket, left lateral view. A. Amblyopone mercovichi. B. Myopopone castanea, antenna removed. C in A phylogenetic analyis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromoprh subfamilies
Fig. 11. Antennal socket, left lateral view. A. Amblyopone mercovichi. B. Myopopone castanea, antenna removed. C. Cerapachys nitidulus, left antenna removed. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum of antennal socket; PTrF, posttorular flange; TrL, torular lobe; tptr, torular-posttorular complex.
FIGURE 6. Licea castanea. A in A taxonomic revision of the species of Licea subg. Licea (Myxomycetes)
FIGURE 6. Licea castanea. A (BM 3025, BM001089212, Lectotype); B–G (MA-Fungi 16013); H, J (MA-Fungi 29564); I (MA-Fungi 15932); K–S (Holotype of L. bryocorticola, HK 201113-07a, M-0313079). A. Herbarium box. B–D. Sessile sporocarps. E. Spores and peridial platelets by TL showing outgrowths on the edges. F–G. Spores by TL. H. Spore by SEM. I. Peridial platelets by SEM, showing outgrowths along the margins. J. Spore by SEM. K. Herbarium specimen. L–N sessile sporocarps. O–Q. Peridial platelets by TL showing outgrowths on the edges. R–S. Spores by TL. Scale bars: B–D, L–N = 0.1 mm, E–G, P–S = 10 µm, H–J = 5 µm, O = 20 µm.
Evolution of Castanea in North America: RADseq and ecological modeling reveal a history of radiation, range shifts, and disease
<p><b>Premise of the Study: </b>Chestnuts and chinquapins are some of the best known and most widely loved of any plants in North America. Despite the fame of this clade, relatively little genomic sequencing has been done, and much is still unknown about their evolution. </p> <p><b>Methods: </b>Here we use ddRAD data to infer the species-level phylogeny for <i>Castanea </i>and assess the phylogeography of the North American species using samples collected from populations that span the full extent of the species' ranges. We also construct species distribution models using digitized herbarium specimens and observational data from field surveys. </p> <p><b>Key Results: </b>We identified strong population structure within <i>Castanea dentata</i> (American Chestnut) that reflects a stepwise northern migration since the last glacial maximum. Our species distribution models further confirm this scenario and match closely with the <i>Castanea</i> fossil pollen record. We also found significant structure within the <i>Castanea pumila</i> lineage, most notably a genetic cluster that corresponds to the frequently recognized "<i>Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis</i>."</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>The two North American <i>Castanea</i> species have contrasting patterns of population structure, but each is typical of plant phylogeography in North America. Within the <i>C. pumila</i> complex we find novel genetic structure that provides new insights to <i>C. pumila</i> taxonomy. Our results also identify a series of distinctive populations that will be valuable in on going efforts to conserve and restore the Chestnuts and Chinquapins in North America.</p>
Alethe castanea SPAdes preassembly
<p>.</p>
Castanea crenata occurence points
<p>Castanea crenata occurence points</p>
Castanea mollissima occurence points
<p>Castanea mollissima occurence points</p>
Data from: Genome-wide sequence-based genotyping supports a nonhybrid origin of Castanea alabamensis
<p>The genus Castanea in North America contains multiple tree and shrub taxa of conservation concern. The two species within the group, American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and chinquapin (C. pumila sensu lato), display remarkable morphological diversity across their distributions in the eastern United States and southern Ontario. Previous investigators have hypothesized that hybridization between C. dentata and C. pumila has played an important role in generating morphological variation in wild populations. A putative hybrid taxon, Castanea alabamensis, was identified in northern Alabama in the early 20th century; however, the question of its hybridity has been unresolved. We tested the hypothesized hybrid origin of C. alabamensis using genome-wide sequence-based genotyping of C. alabamensis, all currently recognized North American Castanea taxa, and two Asian Castanea species at >100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. With these data, we generated a high-resolution phylogeny, tested for admixture among taxa, and analyzed population genetic structure of the study taxa. Bayesian clustering and principal components analysis provided no evidence of admixture between C. dentata and C. pumila in C. alabamensis genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide SNP data indicated that C. alabamensis forms a distinct group within C. pumila sensu lato. Our results are consistent with the model of a nonhybrid origin for C. alabamensis. Our finding of C. alabamensis as a genetically and morphologically distinct group within the North American chinquapin complex provides further impetus for the study and conservation of the North American Castanea species.</p>
Distribution. Lowland forests of W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River. Because of abundance of individuals in the C. castanea complex, hampering precise species identification in the field and in collections, a detailed assessment ofits distribution is still needed. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Lowland forests of W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River. Because of abundance of individuals in the C. castanea complex, hampering precise species identification in the field and in collections, a detailed assessment ofits distribution is still needed.
Alethe castanea decontaminated gx
<p>.</p>
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